Monocots
  
Acoraceae Sweetflag Family
[N]	Acorus americanus (Raf.) Raf.
sweetflag; Fr: acore d’Amérique.  Boreal NA; swNfld.
		[=Acorus calamus L. var. americanus Raf. 1828, non H. Wulff]
		[=Acorus calamus auct. non L., sensu Rouleau 1978.]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Acorus americanus is known from only one location in swNfld. It has not been collected since 1961 (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
  
Alismataceae  Water-Plantain Family 
[N]	Alisma triviale Pursh
	northern waterplantain; Fr: alisma commun.  Temp. NA; N to w/eNfld.
		[=Alisma brevipes Greene]
		[=Alisma plantago-aquatica L. subsp. brevipes (Greene) Sam.]
		[=Alisma plantago-aquatica var. americanum Schult. & Schult.f.]
		[Classified as very rare in Nfld., Alisma triviale is known from wet shores of only 2 disjunct locations: western Nfld. and the Avalon Peninsula, eNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[L]	Sagittaria cuneata E. Sheldon
	northern arrowhead, wapato; Fr: sagittaire cunéaire.  nTemp.-Boreal NA; N to cLab. (Goose Bay); aq., calc.
		[=Sagittaria arifolia Nutt. ex J.G. Smith]
[LN]	Sagittaria graminea Michx. subsp. graminea
	grassy arrowhead; Fr: sagittaire graminoïde.  Temp. eNA; w/c/eNfld., N to sLab. (Forteau); aq.
		[=Sagittaria eatonii J.G. Smith]
		[=Sagittaria macrocarpa J.G. Smith]
[N]	Sagittaria latifolia Willd.
broadleaf arrowhead, wapato, duck potato; Fr: sagittaire latifoliée.  Temp. NA; N to wNfld.; aq.
		[=Sagittaria pubescens Muhl.]
		[=Sagittaria variabilis Engelm. in A. Gray]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Sagittaria latifolia is known from muddy freshwater shores in wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]

Alliaceae  Onion Family  (formerly included in the Liliaceae)
	Allium schoenoprasum L. 
[N] i	     var. schoenoprasum L.
	     chives; Fr: ciboulette commune, ail civette.  European; intr. in ne/eNfld. (garden plants may escape locally).
[LN]	     var. sibiricum (L.) Hartm.
	     wild chives, rush-garlic; Fr: ciboulette de Sibérie.  Circumboreal; w/nwNfld., N to cLab. (Cartwright); calc.
		[=Allium sibiricum L.]
		[=Allium schoenoprasum subsp. sibiricum (L.) „elak.]
		[=Allium schoenoprasum var. laurentianum Fernald] - type: St. John’s Island, nwNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum is found along streambanks and in limestone barrens of western and northwestern Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]

[Amaryllidaceae, Narcissus Family  -  see Appendix II]

Araceae  Arum Family
[LN]	Calla palustris L.
	wild calla, water arum; Fr: calla des marais.  Circumboreal; w/nw/cNfld., N to cLab.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Calla palustris is known from lacustrine marshes and bog pools west of Grand Falls; two new sites are now known from the Great Northern Peninsula.]

[Asparagaceae, Asparagus Family  -  see Appendix II]

Colchicaceae - Autumn Crocus Family  (including Uvulariaceae; formerly included in the Liliaceae)
[LN]	Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. var. amplexifolius
white mandarin, claspingleaf twistedstalk; Fr: streptope amplexicaule.  Circumboreal (disj., with large gaps in interior regions); N thr. Nfld. to nLab. (Turnavik).
		[=Uvularia amplexifolia L.]
		[=Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. subsp. americanus (Schult. & Schult.f.) Á.& D. Löve]
		[=Streptopus amplexifolius var. americanus Schult. & Schult.f.]
		[=Tortipes amplexifolius (L.) Small]
[LN]	Streptopus lanceolatus (Aiton) Reveal var. lanceolatus
rose mandarin, sessileleaf twistedstalk; Fr: streptope rose, rognons de coq.  Boreal eNA; w/nw/cNfld., N to seLab. (near Forteau).
		[=Streptopus roseus sensu Rouleau 1978, non Michx.]
		[=Streptopus roseus Michx. var. perspectus Fassett]
[N]	Streptopus Xoreopolus Fernald (pro sp.) (amplexifolius x roseus)
	mountain twistedstalk; Fr: streptope hybride.  Known from eQue., nw/swNfld.
		[=Streptopus amplexifolius var. oreopolus (Fernald) Fassett]

Convallariaceae  Lily-of-the-Valley Family  (formerly included in the Liliaceae)
	[Convallaria majalis  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Maianthemum canadense Desf. subsp. canadense
wild lily-of-the-valley, Canada mayflower; Fr: maïanthème du Canada.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Nain).
		[=Smilacina bifolium (L.) F.W. Schmidt var. canadensis (Desf.) A. Gray]
		[=Unifolium canadense (Desf.) Greene]
[N]	Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link subsp. racemosum
	feathery false Solomon’s seal, false spikenard; Fr: smilacine à grappes.  Temp. NA; wNfld.
		[=Convallaria racemosa L.]
		[=Smilacina ciliata Desf.]
		[=Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf.]
		[=Unifolium racemosum (L.) Britton]
		[=Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong]
		[Considered very rare in Nfld., Maianthemum racemosum was originally reported from alder thickets  by Rev.  Waghorne in 1888 (Bouchard et al., 1991).  It is known from only 2 locations.]
[LN]	Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link
	starry false Solomon's-seal; Fr: smilacine étoilée.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to seLab.
		[=Convallaria stellata L.]
		[=Smilacina liliacea (Greene) Wynd]
		[=Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf.]
		[=Smilacina stellata var. crassa Vict.]
		[=Smilacina stellata var. sessilifolia (Nutt. ex Baker) L.F. Henderson]
		[=Tovaria sessilifolia Nutt. ex Baker]
		[=Unifolium liliaceum Greene]
		[=Unifolium stellatum (L.) Greene]
		[=Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong]
[LN]	Maianthemum trifolium (L.) Sloboda
threeleaf false Solomon's-seal; Fr: smilacine trifoliée.  Boreal NA, eAsia; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Makkovik).
		[=Convallaria trifolia L.]
		[=Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.]
		[=Tovaria trifolia (L.) Neck. ex Baker]

		[=Unifolium trifolium (L.) Greene]
		[=Vagnera trifolia (L.) Morong]
	[Smilacina racemosa  -  see Maianthemum racemosum]
	[Smilacina stellata  -  see Maianthemum stellatum]
	[Smilacina trifolia  -  see Maianthemum trifolium]

Cyperaceae  Sedge Family
[N]	Blysmopsis rufa (Huds.) Oteng-Yeboah 1974, non Tucker 1987
red clubrush; Fr: scirpe roux.  Boreal NA & Eurasia (disj.); mainly w/nw, also w/ne/e Nfld.; usually hal.
		[=Schoenus rufus Huds.]
		[=Blysmus rufus (Huds.) Link]
		[=Scirpus rufus (Huds.) Schrad.] 
		[=Scirpus rufus var. neogaeus Fernald]
[N]	Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla subsp. paludosus (A. Nelson) Á. & D. Löve
	saltmarsh bulrush; Fr: scirpe des marais salés.  nTemp.-Boreal NA (disj.), Eurasia; coastal w/neNfld.; hal.
		[=Scirpus paludosus A. Nelson]
		[=Bolboschoenus maritimus var. paludosus (A. Nelson) T. Koyama]
		[=Bolboschoenus paludosus (A. Nelson) Soó]
		[=Scirpus fernaldii E.P. Bicknell]
		[=Scirpus maritimus var. fernaldii (E.P. Bicknell) Beetle]
		[=Scirpus maritimus var. paludosus (A. Nelson) Kükenthal]
		[Basionym of Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla: Scirpus maritimus L.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. in Bouchard et al. (1991, as Scirpus maritimus),  Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. paludosus is restricted to tidal flats and saltmarshes.]
	[Carex abdita  -  see Carex umbellata]
[L]	Carex adelostoma V.I. Krecz.
	circumpolar sedge, Morrissey’s sedge; Fr: carex de Morrissey.  Boreal alpine NA (disj.), Eurasia; N to nLab.
		[=Carex morrisseyi A.E. Porsild] - type: Labrador to Mackenzie District
[N]	Carex adusta Boott in Hook.
	lesser brown sedge; Fr: carex brûlé.  sBoreal NA; c/neNfld.
		[Labrador reports of Carex adusta are unverified.]
[Carex aenea  -  see Carex foenea]
	[Carex angustior  -  see Carex echinata]
	[Carex Xanticostensis  -  see Carex Xstenolepis]
[LN] 	Carex aquatilis Wahlenb. var. aquatilis
	water sedge; Fr: carex aquatique.  Circumboreal; w/n/s/cNfld., N thr. Lab
		[=Carex aquatilis subsp. altior (Rydb.) Hultén]
		[=Carex aquatilis var. altior (Rydb.) Fernald]
		[=Carex aquatilis var. substricta Kükenthal]
		[=Carex substricta (Kükenthal) Mackenzie]
		[=Carex variabilis L.H. Bailey var. altior Rydb.]
		[Scoggan (1978) reports a hybrid of Carex aquatilis var. aquatilis X Carex aquatalis var. stans from Hopedale, nLab., which implies the presence of the high arctic var. stans.  However, no herbarium specimens of Carex aquatilis var. stans have been located for Labrador and it is likely that the hybrid report is an error in identification (J. Cayouette, pers. comm., 2000).]
	[Carex aquatilis var. stans  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Carex arcta Boott
northern clustered sedge; Fr: carex dru.  Boreal NA; nwNfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay).
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Carex arcta was last collected in 1929.  It is known from only one subalpine meadow on the Doctor Hills, nwNfld.]
[LN]	Carex arctata Boott in Hook.
	drooping woodland sedge; Fr: carex comprimé.  nTemp.-sBoreal eNA; w/s/c/neNfld., disj. in s/cLab.

	[Carex arctogena  -  see Carex capitata]
	[Carex argyrantha  -  see Carex foenea notes and Appendix I]
	[Carex atlantica  -  see Carex sterilis notes and Appendix I]
	[Carex atrata  -  see Carex atratiformis]
[LN]	Carex atratiformis Britton
	scabrous black sedge; Fr: carex atratiforme.  Circumboreal; w/n/cNfld., N to nLab.; calc.
		[=Carex atrata auct. non L.]
		[=Carex atrata var. ovata (Rudge) Boott]
		[=Carex atratiformis subsp. raymondii (Calder) A.E. Porsild]
		[=Carex ovata Rudge]
		[=Carex raymondii Calder]
		[Type of Carex atratiformis Britton: Newfoundland (unspecified location).]
[L]	Carex atrofusca Schkuhr
	darkbrown sedge; Fr: carex brun foncé.  Arctic circumpolar; S to cLab. 
		[=Carex ustulata Wahlenb.] - nom. illeg.
[LN]	Carex aurea Nutt.
	goldenfruit sedge; Fr: carex doré.  Boreal NA; w/nwNfld., N to nLab. (Turnavik); calc.
[N]	Carex bebbii Olney ex Fernald
	Bebb's sedge; Fr: carex de Bebb.  Boreal NA; w/n/c/eNfld.; calc.
		[=Carex tribuloides Wahlenb. var. bebbii (Olney ex Fernald) L.H. Bailey]
		[Labrador reports of Carex bebbii are unverified, reports possibly refer to the Côte-Nord, eQue.]
	[Carex bellardii  -  see Kobresia myosuroides]
[N]	Carex bicolor Bellardi ex All.
	bicoloured sedge; Fr: carex bicolore.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.); nwNfld.; calc.
		[Labrador reports of Carex bicolor are unverified, reports probably refer to nQue.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Carex bicolor is found in peaty depressions in limestone barrens on the Great Northern Peninsula  (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Carex bigelowii Torr. ex Schwein. subsp. bigelowii
	Bigelow's sedge; Fr: carex de Bigelow.  Arctic amphi-Atlantic; n-most Lab. S thr. Nfld.
		[=Carex anguillata Drej.]
		[=Carex bigelowii forma anguillata (Drej.) Fernald]
		[=Carex bigelowii subsp. hyperborea (Drej.) Böcher]
		[=Carex concolor auct. non R.Br.]
		[=Carex hyperborea Drej.]
		[=Carex rigida Gooden.]
		[Porsild and Cody (1980) consider Carex bigelowii to be an arctic, amphi-Atlantic species, which is replaced in the west by the related amphi-Beringian Carex lugens Holm and Carex consimilis Holm. Aiken et al. (1998) place Carex consimilis in synonymy with Carex bigelowii subsp. bigelowii while Carex lugens is treated as Carex bigelowii subsp. lugens (Holm) Egorova.]
	[Carex bipartita  -  see Carex lachenalii, Kobresia simpliciuscula]
	[Carex bipartita var. glareosa & var. amphigena  -  see Carex glareosa]
	Carex brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. in Lam.
brownish sedge; Fr: carex brunâtre.  Subarctic, circumboreal (subsp. sphaerostachya: Boreal eNA); thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Okak).
[LN]	   subsp. brunnescens
		[=Carex curta Gooden. var. brunnescens Pers.]
[LN]	   subsp. sphaerostachya (Tuckerman) Kalela
		[=Carex canescens L. var. sphaerostachya Tuckerman]
		[=Carex brunnescens var. gracilior Britton in Britton & Brown]
		[=Carex brunnescens var. sphaerostachya (Tuckerman) Kükenthal]

[LN]	Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb.
	Buxbaum's sedge, brown bog sedge; Fr: carex de Buxbaum.  Circumboreal (disj.); thr. Nfld., N to w/c/sLab.
		[=Carex buxbaumii forma dilutior Kükenthal]
		[=Carex fusca L.H. Bailey, non All.]
		[=Carex polygama Schkuhr, non J.F. Gmelin]
	Carex canescens L.
	silvery sedge, hoary sedge; Fr: carex blanchâtre.  Circumboreal, sHemisphere; thr. Nfld. & Lab.
[LN]	    subsp. canescens
		[=Carex curta Gooden.]
[LN]	    subsp. disjuncta (Fernald) Toivonen
		[=Carex canescens var. disjuncta Fernald]
		[=Carex disjuncta (Fernald) E.P. Bicknell]
[LN]	Carex capillaris L. subsp. capillaris
hair sedge; Fr: carex capillaire.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; n-most Lab.,  S to mainly n/nwNfld., also s/c/ne; calc.
		[=Carex capillaris subsp. chlorostachys (Steven) Á. & D. Löve & Raymond]
		[=Carex capillaris subsp. robustior (Drej. ex Lange) Böcher]
		[=Carex capillaris var. elongata Olney ex Fernald]
		[=Carex capillaris var. major Blytt]
		[=Carex chlorostachys Steven]
[LN]	Carex capitata L.
	capitate sedge; Fr: carex capité.  Alpine amphi-Atlantic; nLab. S to the Straits of Belle Isle, nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Carex arctogena Harry Sm.]
		[=Carex capitata forma arctogena (Harry Sm.) Raymond]
		[=Carex capitata subsp. arctogena (Harry Sm.) Hiitonen]
		[=Carex capitata var. arctogena (Harry Sm.) Hultén]
		[=Diemisa capitata (L.) Raf.]
		[=Vignea capitata (L.) Rchb.]
		[Considered very rare in Nfld., Carex capitata is known only from pool margins in limestone barrens along the Strait of Belle Isle (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Carex castanea Wahlenb.
	chestnut sedge; Fr: carex châtain.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld. (except S), N to wLab.; calc.
		[=Carex flexilis Rudge]
		[For Labrador distribution of Carex castanea, see Waterway (1994).]
	[Carex cephalantha  -  see Carex echinata]
[LN]	Carex chordorrhiza Ehrh. ex L.f.
	creeping sedge; Fr: carex à long rhizome.  Circumboreal (subarctic); w/nwNfld., N thr. Lab.; acid.
		[=Carex chordorrhiza var. sphagnophila Laest.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Carex chordorrhiza is found in coastal sedge marshes on the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Carex communis L.H. Bailey var. communis
	fibrous-root sedge; Fr: carex commun.  Temp.-Boreal eNA; N to neNfld. (Terra Nova Natl. Park).
		[Carex communis is a recent addition to the NF flora and a candidate rare species.]
[LN]	Carex concinna R.Br.
	low northern sedge; Fr: carex élégant.  Boreal NA; w/nwNfld., N to wLab. (Labrador City); calc.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Carex concinna is found in limestone barrens and ledges on the Great Northern and Port au Port Peninsulas. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Carex conoidea Schkuhr ex Willd.
	field sedge; Fr: carex conoïde.  Temp. eNA; N to s/c/eNfld.
		[=Carex conoidea forma katahdinensis (Fernald) B. Boivin]
		[=Carex katahdinensis Fernald]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Carex conoidea is found along rocky river banks and coastal slopes in central Nfld. and on the Avalon and Burin Peninsulas (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Carex crawei Dewey
	Crawe's sedge; Fr: carex de Crawe.  Temp. NA; N to nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Carex heterostachya Torr.] 
		[Listed as Carex Xcrawei Dewey (pro. sp.) (aurea x flava) in Rouleau (1978).]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Carex crawei was reported from only one limestone barren site near Port au Choix in Bouchard et al. (1991).  It has since been relocated twice and its scarcity status will be reevaluated.]
[LN]	Carex crawfordii Fernald
	Crawford's sedge; Fr: carex de Crawford.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay).
		[=Carex crawfordii var. vigens Fernald]
		[=Carex scoparia Schkuhr var. minor Boott]
	[Carex crinita var. crinita  -  see Appendix I]
	[Carex crinita var. gynandra  -  see Carex gynandra]
[N]	Carex Xcrinitoides Lepage (aquatilis x gynandra [crinita var. gynandra])
	[This hybrid sedge is reported from Nfld. and Que. within the range of the parent species.]
		[Type of Carex Xcrinitoides Lepage: Grand Falls, cNfld.]
		[Scoggan does not indicate which variety of Carex crinita is involved in the cross, but only var. gynandra of Carex crinita is known from Nfld.; Rouleau (1978) lists aquatilis x nigra as the parents.]
[N]	Carex cryptolepis Mackenzie
	northeastern sedge, hiddenscale sedge; Fr: carex à écailles cachées.  Boreal eNA, Eurasia; N to cNfld., acid.
		[=Carex flava L. var. fertilis auct. non Peck in Howe]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Carex cryptolepis is known from lake and pond shores in central Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N?]	Carex cumulata (L.H. Bailey) Mackenzie
	clustered sedge; Fr: carex dense.  Temp. eNA; N to ?neNfld.
		[=Carex straminea Willd. var. cumulata L.H. Bailey]
		[The single NF report by A.Robertson has not been confirmed and no specimen has been located, leaving the report in doubt.]
	[Carex curta  -  see Carex canescens]
[N]	Carex debilis Michx.
	white-edge sedge, slenderstalk sedge; Fr: carex faible.  Temp. eNA; thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Carex debilis var. rudgei L.H. Bailey]
		[=Carex flexuosa Muhl. ex Willd.]
		[=Carex tenuis Rudge, non Gmel.]
[LN]	Carex deflexa Hornem.
	northern sedge; Fr: carex déprimé.  Boreal (subarctic) alpine NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Okak); acid.
	[Carex demissa  -  see Carex viridula subsp. oedocarpa]
[L?N]	Carex deweyana Schwein. var. deweyana
	Dewey's sedge; Fr: carex de Dewey.  Boreal NA; w/nw/eNfld., N to ?sLab.
		[Labrador reports of Carex deweyana are unverified. Scoggan (1978) reports no Labrador locations for Carex deweyana, but Porsild & Cody (1980) and Hultén (1968) show a sLab. distribution.]
[LN]	Carex diandra Schrank
	lesser panicled sedge; Fr: carex diandre.  Circumboreal; mainly w/nwNfld., also s/ne/e, N to sLab. (Forteau).
		[=Carex racemosa Borkh.] - nom. illeg.
		[=Vignea diandra (Schrank) Soják]
[LN]	Carex disperma Dewey
	softleaf sedge; Fr: carex disperme.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (near Nain); acid.
		[=Carex tenella Schkuhr]
	[Carex Xdumanii Lepage  -  see Carex Xsaxenii]

[N]	Carex eburnea Boott in Hook.
	bristleleaf sedge; Fr: carex ivoirin.  Boreal NA; w/nNfld.; calc.
[LN]	Carex echinata Murray subsp. echinata
little prickly sedge; Fr: carex échiné.  Boreal NA: subsp. echinata (species: circumpolar); thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Carex angustior Mackenzie]
		[=Carex angustior var. gracilenta R.T. Clausen & Wahl]
		[=Carex cephalantha (L.H. Bailey) E.P. Bicknell]
		[=Carex echinata var. cephalantha L.H. Bailey]
		[=Carex laricina Mackenzie ex Bright]
		[=Carex leersii Willd.]
		[=Carex muricata auct. non L.]
		[=Carex muricata L. var. angustata (Carey) Carey ex Gleason]
		[=Carex muricata var. cephalantha (L.H. Bailey) Wiegand & Eames]
		[=Carex stellulata Gooden.]
		[=Carex stellulata var. angustata Carey]
		[=Carex stellulata var. cephalantha (L.H. Bailey) Fernald]
		[NF reports of Carex muricata refer to Carex echinata (A. Reznicek, pers. comm. 1997.]
[LN]	Carex exilis Dewey
	coastal sedge; Fr: carex maigre.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Makkovik).
[L]	Carex Xexsalina Lepage (bigelowii X paleacea)
		[This hybrid sedge is reported from Que. and sLab., in the overlapping range of the parent species.] 
		[Labrador reports of Carex lyngbyei from Gready Islands (GH) and Brest (CAN) are revised to C. Xexsalina; the location of the latter is corrected from Brest, Lab., to Bradore, eQue (Cayouette 1987). See Cayouette (1987) for more information on these changes and for an excellent comparison of this and similar carices.]
	[Carex festucacea  -  see Appendix I]
	[Carex filifolia  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Carex Xfirmior (J.M. Norman) Holmb. (limosa x rariflora)
		[This hybrid sedge is reported from nwNfld. and eQue. (Scoggan 1978).]
[N]	Carex flava L.
	yellow sedge; Fr: carex jaune.  nTemp. NA (disj.), wEurasia; thr. Nfld.; calc.
		[=Carex flava var. fertilis Peck in Howe]
		[=Carex flava var. gaspensis Fernald]
		[=Carex flava var. laxior (Kükenthal) Gleason]
		[=Carex laxior (Kükenthal) Mackenzie]
		[=Carex lepidocarpa Tausch var. laxior Kükenthal]
		[Lab. reports of Carex flava may refer to a report from eQue. near the Lab. border (Crins & Ball 1989).]
	[Carex flava var. fertilis auct. non Peck  -  see Carex cryptolepis]
[LN]	Carex foenea Willd.
	hay sedge; Fr: carex cuivré, carex fourrager.  Temp.-Boreal NA; c/ne/eNfld., N to w/cLab.; acid.
		[=Carex aenea Fernald]
		[=Carex argyrantha Tuck. var. aenea (Fernald) B. Boivin]
		[Labrador specimens of Carex argyrantha at MT are referred to Carex foenea.]
[N]	Carex folliculata L.
	northern long sedge; Fr: carex folliculé.  Temp. eNA; thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[This species was erroneously listed as a hybrid in Rouleau (1978).]
[L]	Carex fuliginosa Schkuhr
	shortleaf sedge; Fr: carex fuligineux.  Arctic circumpolar; S to sLab.; calc.
		[=Carex fuliginosa subsp. misandra (R.Br.) Nyman]
		[=Carex fuliginosa var. misandra (R.Br.) O. Lang]
		[=Carex misandra R.Br.]
[N]	Carex Xfulva Gooden. (hostiana X viridula subsp. brachyrrhyncha [lepidocarpa])
		[This sterile hybrid sedge is reported from wNfld and Anticosti Isl., eQue.]
		[=Carex Xleutzii Kneucker in Seub.]
		[=Carex Xleutzii var. pseudofulva (Fernald) B. Boivin (pro nm.)]

		[=Carex Xpseudofulva Fernald] - type: Table Mt., Port au Port, wNfld.
[L]	Carex garberi Fernald
	Garber’s sedge; Fr: carex de Garber.  Boreal NA; N to sw/cLab. (Porcupine Strand); calc.
		[=Carex garberi subsp. bifaria (Fernald) Hultén]
		[=Carex garberi var. bifaria Fernald]
		[There is one known specimen of Carex garberi from Porcupine Strand, NNW of Cartwright: TRTE, P. Ball (pers. comm. 1997); also, FNA shows one collections from swLab.]
	[Carex Xgardneri  -  see Carex Xsubpaleacea]
[LN]	Carex glacialis Mackenzie
glacier sedge, Newfoundland sedge; Fr: carex des glaces, carex de Terre-Neuve.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; n-most Lab., S to w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Carex glacialis Mackenzie var. terrae-novae (Fernald) B. Boivin]
		[=Carex pedata Wahlenb., non L.] - nom. illeg.
		[=Carex terrae-novae Fernald] - type: St. John Island, nwNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Carex glacialis is known from limestone barrens, extending from the Port au Port Peninsula north along the coast of the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Carex glareosa Schkuhr ex Wahlenb.
gravel sedge, weak clustered sedge; Fr: carex des graviers.  Coastal, arctic circumpolar (disj.); n-most Lab., S to w/nNfld.; hal.
		[=Carex amphigena (Fernald) Mackenzie]
		[=Carex bipartita Bellardi ex All. var. amphigena (Fernald) Polunin]
		[=Carex bipartita var. glareosa (Schkuhr ex Wahlenb.) Polunin]
		[=Carex glareosa var. amphigena Fernald]
		[=Carex marina sensu Mackenzie, auct. non Dewey]
		[See Aiken et al. (1996+) or Halliday and Chater (1969) for discussions of Carex glareosa and Carex lachenalii.]
[N]	Carex gracillima Schwein.
	graceful sedge; Fr: carex filiforme.  Temp. eNA; N to w/c/neNfld.
		[=Carex gracilllima forma humile (L.H. Bailey) Kükenthal]
		[=Carex gracilllima var. humile L.H. Bailey]
		[=Carex gracillima var. macerrima Fernald & Wiegand] - type: Bay of Islands, wNfld.
[L]	Carex Xgrantii A.Benn. (aquatilis X recta)
	Grant’s sedge; Fr: carex de Grant. 
		[This hybrid sedge is reported from Lab. (Gready Is.), Que., and Ont. (Scoggan 1978).]
[N]	Carex gynandra Schwein.
	nodding sedge; Fr: carex gynandre.  sBoreal eNA; thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Carex crinita Lam. var. gynandra (Schwein.) Schwein. & Torr.]
		[=Carex crinita var. simulans Fernald]
[LN]	Carex gynocrates Wormsk. ex Drej.
	northern bog sedge; Fr: carex à côtes.  Boreal NA, eAsia; thr. Nfld. (except east), N to n-most Lab.; acid.
		[=Carex alascana Boeck.]
		[=Carex dioica L. subsp. gynocrates (Wormsk. ex Drej.) Hultén]
		[=Carex dioica var. gynocrates (Wormsk. ex Drej.) Ostenf.]
		[The Flora of Nova Scotia (Zinck, 1998) includes Carex gynocrates as a synonym of the closely related Carex dioica L.]
	[Carex Xhalophila  -  see Carex recta]
[L]	Carex heleonastes Ehrh. ex L.f.
Hudson Bay sedge; Fr: carex héléonaste.  Circumboreal (disj.); w?/sLab.; calc.
		[=Carex curta Gooden. var. robustior (Kükenthal) B. Boivin]
		[=Carex heleonastes var. robustior Kükenthal]
		[=Carex marina sensu Fernald & Kükenthal, non Dewey]
		[Porsild & Cody (1980) show a sLabrador distribution, but Aiken et al. (1999) do not. A separate wLab. report may refer to Knob Lake, Québec.]
	[Carex Xhelvola  -  see Appendix I]

[N]	Carex hormathodes Fernald
	marsh straw sedge; Fr: carex moniliforme.  Temp. eNA; N to coastal w/s/c/neNfld.; hal.
		[=Carex hormathodes forma invisa (W. Boott) Fernald]
		[=Carex straminea Willd. ex Schkuhr forma invisa (W. Boott) Kükenthal]
		[=Carex straminea var. invisa W. Boott]
		[=Carex tenera Dewey var. invisa (W. Boott) Britton in Britton & Brown]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Carex hormathodes is restricted to salt marshes and brackish shores; its scarcity rank will be reevaluated in light of recent new collections.]
[N]	Carex hostiana DC.
	tawny sedge, Host's sedge; Fr: carex de Host.  Temp. amphi-Atlantic disjunct; N to w/nw/sNfld.; calc.
		[=Carex fulva sensu Fernald 1911, non Gooden.]
		[=Carex fulvescens Mackenzie]
		[=Carex hostiana var. laurentiana (Fernald & Wiegand) Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Carex hornschuchiana Hoppe]
		[=Carex hornschuchiana var. laurentiana Fernald & Wiegand] - type: Table Mt., wNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Carex hostiana is found in calcareous peatlands and shores, primarily in western Nfld.; it also occurs on the Great Northern and Burin Peninsulas (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Carex houghtoniana Torr. ex Dewey
	 Houghton's sedge; Fr: carex de Houghton.  Temp. NA (disj.); c/neNfld.; acid.
		[=Carex houghtonii Torr.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Carex houghtoniana is known from dry, sandy river terraces and forest clearings in central Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd.
	porcupine sedge; Fr: carex porc-épic.  Temp. NA; wNfld.
		[=Carex hystricina, misspelling]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Carex hystericina is known from only one location along the Serpentine River; it was last collected in 1951 (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Carex incurva  -  see Carex maritima]
	[Carex incurviformis  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Carex interior L.H. Bailey
	inland sedge; Fr: carex continental.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to sLab. (Forteau).
		[=Carex interior forma keweenawensis (F.J. Hermann) Fernald]
		[=Carex interior var. keweenawensis F.J. Hermann]
[N]	Carex intumescens Rudge
	bladder sedge; Fr: carex gonflé.  Temp. eNA; thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Carex intumescens forma ventriosa Fernald]
		[=Carex intumescens var. fernaldii L.H. Bailey]
[N]	Carex Xknieskernii Dewey (pro. sp.) (arctata X castanea)
		[This sterile hybrid sedge occurs in Boreal eNA, within the overlapping range of parental species; neNfld.  It was reported from nOnt., Que., and NB by Scoggan (1978) and from Tilt Cove, Nfld., by Waterway (1994).]
[LN]	Carex lachenalii Schkuhr (nom. cons. propos.)
arctic hare's-foot sedge; Fr: carex de Lachenal.  Subarctic circumboreal; nwNfld., N to n-most Lab.; calc.
		[=Carex bipartita sensu Mackenzie non Bellardi ex All.]
		[=Carex lagopina Wahlenb., non W. Boott in S.Watson]
		[=Carex leporina L. 1753, non 1754] - nom. rej. prop.
		[=Carex tripartita auct. non All.]
		[Reported as historically present (SH) in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Carex lachenalii has since been collected in snowbeds in nwNfld.; its scarcity rank will be reevaluated.]
[N]	Carex lacustris Willd.
	lake sedge; Fr: carex lacustre.  Temp. eNA (disj.); swNfld.
		[=Carex riparia Curtis var. lacustris (Willd.) Kükenthal]

		[Considered very rare in Nfld., Carex lacustris is known from only one location - near St. George's, in southwestern Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Carex lagopina  -  see Carex lachenalii]
[LN]	Carex Xlangeana Fernald (pro. sp.) (gynocrates x maritima Gunnerus)
	Lange's sedge; Fr: carex de Lange.  Arctic eNA (NF and Greenland); nLab. S to nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Carex duriuscula sensu Lange, non C.A. Meyer]
		[Type of Carex Xlangeana Fernald: Gargamelle Cove, nwNfld.]
		[Carex Xlangeana was reported from Makkovik, nLab., by Hustich and Pettersson in 1943 and from  Ingornachiox Bay, nwNfld., by Fernald (1933) (Scoggan 1978).]
	[Carex lanuginosa  -  see Carex pellita]
	[Carex lapponica  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. subsp. americana (Fernald) D. Löve & Bernard
	slender sedge, woollyfruit sedge; Fr: carex à fruits tomenteux.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to wLab.
		[=Carex lasiocarpa var. americana Fernald]
		[=Carex lanuginosa var. americana (Fernald) B. Boivin]
	[Carex laxior  -  see Carex flava]
[LN]	Carex lenticularis Michx. var. lenticularis
	lenticular sedge; Fr: carex lenticulaire.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Hopedale).
		[=Carex lenticularis var. albimontana Dewey]
		[=Carex lenticularis var. blakei Dewey]
		[=Carex lenticularis var. eucycla Fernald]
	[Carex lepidocarpa   -  see Carex viridula subsp. brachyrrhyncha]
	[Carex leporina  -  see Carex ovalis]
[LN]	Carex leptalea Wahlenb.
	bristlestalk sedge; Fr: carex à tiges grêles.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Nain).
		[=Carex harperi Fernald]
		[=Carex leptalea subsp. harperi (Fernald) W. Stone]
		[=Carex leptalea var. harperi (Fernald) Weath. & Griscom]
[LN]	Carex leptonervia (Fernald) Fernald
	nerveless woodland sedge; Fr: carex leptonervé.  nTemp. eNA; thr. Nfld., N to sLab. (Forteau).
		[=Carex laxiflora Lam. var. leptonervia Fernald]
		[=Carex laxiflora var. varians L.H. Bailey]
	[Carex Xleutzii  -  see Carex Xfulva]
[LN]	Carex limosa L.
	mud sedge; Fr: carex des bourbiers.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Fraser R.); acid.
[L]	Carex Xlimula T. Fries (pro sp.) (aquatilis x bigelowii)
		[This hybrid sedge is reported from nwNfld., nLab. (Davis Inlet), and Que.]
		[=Carex Xnearctica Raymond]
[LN]	Carex livida (Wahlenb.) Willd.
	livid sedge; Fr: carex livide.  Circumboreal (disj.); thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Makkovik); calc.
		[=Carex limosa L. var. livida Wahlenb.] 
		[=Carex grayana Dewey]
		[=Carex livida var. grayana (Dewey) Fernald]
		[=Carex livida var. radicaulis Paine]
		[=Carex livida var. rufiniformis Fernald] - type: Strait of Belle Isle, nwNfld.
[N]	Carex lurida Wahlenb.
	sallow sedge; Fr: carex luisant.  Temp. eNA; N to cNfld. (Glenwood: MT).
		[=Carex tentaculata Muhl. in Willd.]
		[Carex lurida is known from only one location in Nfld. and is a candidate rare species.]
	[Carex lyngbyei  -  see Appendix I]

[LN]	Carex mackenziei V.I. Krecz.

Mackenzie's sedge; Fr: carex de Mackenzie.  Coastal arctic-alpine NA, neEurasia; w/n/sNfld., N to nLab. (Tikkoatokok Bay); hal.
		[=Carex norvegica Willd. ex Schkuhr 1801, non Retz. 1779] - hom. illeg.
[L]	Carex macloviana d'Urv.
	Falkland Island sedge; Fr: carex des Malouines.  Arctic-alpine bipolar (disj.): NA, Eurasia, SA; S to sLab.
		[=Carex soperi Raup]
[LN]	Carex magellanica Lam. subsp. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Hultén
	bog sedge; Fr: carex chétif.   Circumboreal, bipolar (SA); thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Nain); acid.
		[=Carex limosa L. var. irrigua Wahlenb.]
		[=Carex irrigua (Wahlenb.) Smith ex Hoppe]
		[=Carex paupercula Michx.]
		[=Carex paupercula subsp. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Carex paupercula var. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Fernald]
		[=Carex paupercula var. pallens Fernald]
	[Carex Xmainensis  -  see Carex Xstenolepis]
	[Carex marina  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Carex maritima Gunnerus
	seaside sedge; Fr: carex maritime.  Coastal, arctic amphi-Atlantic; n-most Lab., S to nwNfld.; calc., hal.
		[=Carex incurva Lightf.]
		[=Carex incurva var. setina H. Christ ex Scheutz]
		[=Carex maritima var. setina (H. Christ ex Scheutz) Fernald]
		[=Carex setina (H. Christ ex Scheutz) V.I. Krecz.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Carex maritima is found in coastal limestone barrens on the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).  The coastal Carex maritima var. setina should not be considered synonymous with the cordilleran C. incurviformis of alpine tundra, A. Reznicek (pers. comm. 1997).]
[L]	Carex media R.Br. in Richardson
	closed-head sedge; Fr: carex moyen.  Circumboreal; N to nLab.
		[=Carex alpina Swartz in Lilj. forma inferalpina (Wahlenb.) Kükenthal] - nom. illeg.
		[=Carex alpina var. inferalpina Wahlenb.] - nom. illeg.
		[=Carex angarae Steud.]
		[=Carex norvegica Retz. subsp. inferalpina (Wahlenb.) Hultén]
		[=Carex norvegica var. inferalpina (Wahlenb.) B. Boivin]
		[=Carex vahlii Schkuhr var. inferalpina (Wahlenb.) Fernald]
		[See Fernald (1933:220-223, 398) for a discussion on the nomenclature of Carex alpina var. infer-alpina and Carex alpina (=C. norvegica Retz.).]
[L]	Carex membranacea Hook.
	fragile sedge; Fr: carex membraneux.  Arctic NA, eAsia; S to nLab.; calc.
		[=Carex membranopacta L.H. Bailey] - nom. illeg.
		[=Carex physochlaena Holm]
[L]	Carex xmendica Lepage (salina var. salina x recta [salina var. kattegatensis])
		[This hybrid sedge is reported from Labrador, Que., and nOnt. (Scoggan 1978).]
[LN]	Carex michauxiana Boeck.
	Michaux's sedge; Fr: carex de Michaux.  Boreal eNA, eAsia; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Goose Bay).
		[=Carex abacta L.H. Bailey]
		[=Carex rostrata Michx., non Stokes] - hom. illeg.
[LN]	Carex microglochin Wahlenb.
bristle sedge, false uncinia; Fr: carex à petite arête.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.); thr. Lab.,S to nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Carex aristata Clairv., non Honck.]
		[=Uncinia microglochin (Wahlenb.) Spreng.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Carex microglochin is found in fens and limestone barrens on the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Carex miliaris  -  see Carex saxatilis]

	[Carex misandra  -  see Carex fuliginosa]
	[Carex misandroides  -  see Carex petricosa]
	[Carex morrisseyi  -  see Carex adelostoma]
	[Carex muricata  -  see Appendix I]
[L]	Carex nardina Fries
	nard sedge; Fr: carex à odeur de nard.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; S to nLab. (Ramah); calc.
		[=Carex nardina var. atriceps Kükenthal]
[N]	Carex Xneobigelowii Lepage (bigelowii x lenticularis)
		[This hybrid sedge is reported from Que. and Nfld.]
	[Carex Xneofilipendula - see Carex recta]
[L]	Carex Xneorigida Lepage (bigelowii x salina)
[This hybrid sedge is reported from Gready Is. and Cross Is., Lab. by Scoggan (1978).]
[LN]	Carex nigra (L.) Reichard
	smooth black sedge; Fr: carex noir.  Boreal amphi-Atlantic; thr. Nfld., N to sLab (Dead Is.); hal.
		[=Carex acuta L. " (var.) nigra L.]
		[=Carex acuta auct. non L.]
		[=Carex caespitosa Gooden.]
		[=Carex fusca All. subsp. goodenowii (J. Gay) Maire & Weiller]
		[=Carex goodenowii J. Gay]
		[=Carex nigra var. strictiformis (L.H. Bailey) Fernald]
		[=Carex rigida Gooden. var. strictiformis (L.H. Bailey) L.H. Bailey]
		[=Carex vulgaris Fries] - nom. illeg.
		[=Carex vulgaris var. chlorostachya Rchb.]
		[=Carex vulgaris var. strictiformis L.H. Bailey]
[LN]	Carex norvegica Retz.
	alpine sedge, closedhead sedge; Fr: carex de Norvège.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; S to cLab., nwNfld.; acid.
		[=Carex alpina Swartz in Lilj. 1798, non Schrank 1787] - nom. illeg. 
		[=Carex alpina 'var. typica' sensu Fernald, 1933]
		[=Carex halleri Gunnerus]
		[=Carex norvegica subsp. inserrulata Kalela]
		[=Carex norvegica var. inserrulata (Kalela) Raymond]
		[=Carex vahlii Schkuhr]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Carex norvegica is known only from the northern tip of the Great Northern Peninsula.  Carex norvegica Retz. (1779), should not be confused with the later homonym Carex norvegica Willd. ex Schkuhr (1801), called Norway sedge, which is now a synonym of Carex mackenziei.  See Fernald (1933:220-223, 398) for a discussion of the nomenclature of Carex alpina (=norvegica Retz.).]
	[Carex norvegica subsp. inferalpina  -  see Carex media]
[N]	Carex novae-angliae Schwein.
	New England sedge; Fr: carex de la Nouvelle-Angleterre.  Temp. eNA; w/s/eNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Carex novae-angliae is found in thickets and open forest sites near the coast (Bouchard et al., 1991); it has not been found in the interior or northern half of the island.]
	[Carex obtusata  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Carex oligosperma Michx.
	fewseed sedge; Fr: carex oligosperme.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Nain); acid.
[N] i	Carex ovalis Gooden.
ovalbract sedge; Fr: carex des lièvres.  sBoreal NA, wEurasian; intr. mainly in w/eNfld. (also n/c).
		[=Carex leporina auct. non L.]
		[=Carex traceyi auct. non Mackenzie]
[LN]	Carex paleacea Schreb. ex Wahlenb.
chaffy sedge; Fr: carex paléacé.  Boreal amphi-Atlantic; thr. coastal Nfld., N to nLab. (Anatolak Bay); hal.
		[=Carex maritima O.F. Müll., non Gunnerus]
		[=Carex maritima var. erectiuscula Fernald]
		[=Carex paleacea forma erectiuscula (Fernald) Fernald]

		[=Carex paleacea var. transatlantica Fernald] - type: Labrador to Mass.; James Bay
[N]	Carex pallescens L.
	pale sedge; Fr: carex pâle.  Temp. amphi-Atlantic; N to w/nw/c/eNfld. 		
		[=Carex pallescens var. neogaea Fernald]
[N] i	Carex panicea L.
	millet sedge; Fr: carex faux-millet.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
[LN]	Carex pauciflora Lightf.
	fewflowered sedge; Fr: carex pauciflore.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Anatolik Bay); acid.
[Carex paupercula  -  see Carex magellanica subsp. irrigua]
	[Carex peckii  -  see Appendix I]
[Carex pedata  -  see Carex glacialis]
[N]	Carex pedunculata Muhl. ex Willd.
	longstalked sedge; Fr: carex pédonculé.  nTemp. NA; w/n/s/cNfld.; calc.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Carex pedunculata is known from limestone ravines, mixed wood stands, and alder thickets (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N] 	Carex pellita Muhl. ex Willd.
	woolly sedge; Fr: carex laineux.  Temp. NA; N to wNfld.
		[=Carex filiformis L. var. latifolia Boeck.]
		[=Carex lanuginosa auct. non Michx.]
		[=Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. var. latifolia (Boeck.) Gilly]
	[Carex petasata  -  see Appendix I]
[N]  	Carex petricosa Dewey var. misandroides (Fernald) B. Boivin
rock dwelling sedge; Fr: carex misandroïde.  Boreal eCanada; N to wNfld.; calc. 
		[=Carex misandroides Fernald] - type: Table Mt., Port au Port, wNfld.
		[=Carex franklinii Boott in Hook. var. misandroides (Fernald) Raymond]
		[Carex petricosa var. misandroides, known historically from limestone habitats, was relocated at Goose Arm, Bay of Islands, wNfld., by the NFRPP in 2000.  Previously, it was classified as historically present in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).  See Ball & Zoladz (1994) for discussion of Carex petricosa and Carex misandroides.]
[L]	Carex Xphysocarpioides Lepage (saxatilis [physocarpa] X utriculata [rostrata])
		[This hybrid sedge is reported in Scoggan (1978) as a cross between Carex physocarpa and Carex rostrata; the type is from Alaska, reports from seBC.  Kartesz (1999) reports it from Labrador.]
		[=Carex ambusta Boott]
		[=Carex physocarpa J. & C. Presl]
		[=Carex saxatilis L. var. major Olney]
[N]	Carex Xpieperiana P. Junge (flava x viridula subsp. brachyrrhyncha [lepidocarpa])
		[This hybrid sedge is reported from Brig Bay, nwNfld. (Fernald 1933), and White Bay, cNfld. (Scoggan 1978).]
[LN?]	Carex praticola Rydb.
	northern meadow sedge; Fr: carex des prés.  Boreal NA; ?swNfld., N to w/cLab.
		[There is one report of Carex praticola from swNfld. (Rouleau & Lamoureux, 1992), however the voucher specimen at GH has not been checked for accuracy.]
[LN]	Carex projecta Mackenzie
	necklace sedge; Fr: carex à bec étalé.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
[N]	Carex pseudocyperus L.
	cyperus sedge; Fr: carex faux-souchet.  Temp. NA (disj.), Eurasia, nAfrica; N to w/cNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Carex pseudocyperus is known from sandy and gravelly shores in western Nfld. and the Gander area (Bouchard et al., 1991.]
	[Carex Xpseudofulva  -  see Carex Xfulva]
	[Carex Xpseudohelvola  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Carex Xquirponensis Fernald (atratiformis x norvegica)
	Quirpon sedge; Fr: carex de Quirpon.  Reported from nwNfld. (Fernald 1926) and nQue. (Scoggan 1978).
		[Type of Carex Xquirponensis Fernald: Cape Dégrat, Quirpon Is., nwNfld.]
[LN]	Carex rariflora (Wahlenb.) Smith

	looseflowered alpine sedge; Fr: carex rariflore.  Arctic circumpolar; n-most Lab., S to coastal w/nw/sNfld.; calc.
		[=Carex limosa L. var. rariflora Wahlenb.]
[LN] 	Carex recta Boott in Hook.
	cuspidate sedge; Fr: carex dressé.  Boreal amphi-Atlantic; coastal w/sNfld., N to nLab.; hal.
		[=Carex halophila F. Nylander] 
		[=Carex Xneofilipendula Lepage]
		[=Carex salina Wahlenb. subsp. halophila (F. Nylander) Almq.]
		[=Carex salina var. kattegatensis (Fries ex Lindm.) Almq.]
		[=Carex kattegatensis Fries ex Lindm.]
		[Labrador reports of "Carex cryptocarpa? (=C. lyngbyei)" from Battle Harbour (QK) are revised to Carex recta in Cayouette (1987); see this reference for an excellent comparison of these carices.]
	[Carex retrorsa  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Carex rostrata Stokes in With.
	beaked sedge; Fr: carex rostré.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Anatolak).
		[=Carex rostrata var. ambigens Fernald]
[L]	Carex rotundata Wahlenb.
	roundfruit sedge; Fr: carex à fruits ronds.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to nLab.
		[=Carex rostrata Stokes subsp. rotundata (Wahlenb.) Kükenthal]
	[Carex rotundata var. compacta  -  see Carex saxatilis]
[N]	Carex Xruedtii Kneucker (flava X viridula) 
		[This sterile hybrid sedge is reported from Ont., eQue., and w/cNfld.]
		[=Carex flava X oederi forma subviridula Kükenthal in Engler]
		[=Carex Xsubviridula (Kükenthal) Fernald]
		[Fernald (1933) described C. Xsubviridula (now Xruedtii) as "one of the commoner hybrids of Nfld."]
	[Carex rugosperma var. tonsa  -  see Carex tonsa]
[LN]	Carex rupestris Bellardi ex All.
	rock sedge; Fr: carex des rochers.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Carex attenuata R.Br.]
		[=Carex drummondiana Dewey]
[LN]	Carex salina Wahlenb.
	saltmarsh sedge; Fr: carex salin.  Boreal amphi-Atlantic; coastal w/n/eNfld., N to cLab.; hal.
		[=Carex salina var. pseudofilipendula Kükenthal]
		[Scoggan (1978) reports var. pseudofilipendula from Nfld. and "sLab. (opposite Blanc Sablon)."]
	[Carex salina var. kattegatensis  -  see Carex recta]
	[Carex salina var. subspathacea  -  see Carex subspathacea]
[LN]	Carex saxatilis L.
	russet sedge; Fr: carex saxatile, carex miliaire.  Arctic circumpolar & boreal; n-mostLab.; S thr. Nfld.; calc.
		[=Carex compacta R.Br. ex Dewey]
		[=Carex miliaris Michx.]
		[=Carex miliaris forma major (L.H. Bailey) Kükenthal]
		[=Carex miliaris var. major L.H. Bailey]
		[=Carex miliaris var. ungavensis Raymond]
		[=Carex pulla Gooden.]
		[=Carex pulla var. laxa Trautv.]
		[=Carex rhomalea (Fernald) Mackenzie]
		[=Carex rotundata Wahlenb. var. compacta (R.Br. ex Dewey) B. Boivin]
		[=Carex saxatilis subsp. laxa (Trautv.) Kalela]
		[=Carex saxatilis var. miliaris (Michx.) L.H. Bailey]
		[=Carex saxatilis var. rhomalea Fernald] - type: Ungava Bay, Labrador.
		[=Carex vesicaria L. subsp. saxatilis (L.) Hartm.]
		[See Ford and Ball (1992) for a discussion of Carex saxatilis.]
[L]	Carex Xsaxenii Raymond  (paleacea x salina)

Saxen's sedge; Fr: carex de Saxen.  This hybrid sedge is reported from eCanada (Scoggan 1978), including cLab. (Goose Bay) and nLab. (near Nain).
		[=Carex Xdumanii Lepage (described as paleacea x subspathacea)]
		[=Carex Xsaxenii var. dumanii (Lepage) B. Boivin (pro nm.)]
		[=Carex Xsaxenii nm. ferruginea Lepage (described as paleacea X recta)]
[LN]	Carex scirpoidea Michx.
	scirpus sedge; Fr: carex faux-scirpe.  Arctic-alpine NA, nwEurope; n-most Lab., S thr. Nfld.; calc., occ. hal.
		[=Carex athabascensis F.J. Hermann]
		[=Carex scirpiformis Mackenzie]
		[=Carex scirpoidea var. scirpiformis (Mackenzie) O'Neill & Duman]
[N]	Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd.
	pointed broom sedge; Fr: carex à balais.   Temp.-sBoreal NA; N to w/c/ne/eNfld.
		[=Carex scoparia forma condensa (Fernald) Kükenthal]
		[=Carex scoparia forma moniliformis (Tuckerman) Kükenthal]
		[=Carex scoparia forma subturbinata (Fernald & Wiegand) Fernald]
		[=Carex scoparia var. condensa Fernald]
		[=Carex scoparia var. moniliformis Tuckerman]
		[=Carex scoparia var. subturbinata Fernald & Wiegand]
	[Carex serotina  -  see Carex viridula subsp. viridula]
[N]	Carex silicea Olney
	seabeach sedge; Fr: carex silicicole.  nTemp. eNA; N to w/neNfld.
		[Considered very rare in Nfld., Carex silicea is known from coastal sand dunes in St. Georges Bay  (Bouchard et al., 1991) and recently from Terra Nova National Park (Brouillet et al., 1997).]
	[Carex stans  -  see Carex aquatilis var. aquatilis notes and Appendix I, Carex aquatilis var. stans]
[LN]	Carex Xstenolepis Lessing  (saxatilis X vesicaria)
	Anticosti sedge; Fr: carex d’Anticosti.  Boreal eNA, Europe; can occur in overlapping range of parent species.
		[=Carex Xanticostensis (Fernald) Lepage  (reported as rostrata X saxatilis [miliaris])]
		[=Carex inflata Huds. var. anticostensis Fernald]
		[=Carex mainensis Porter ex Britton]
		[=Carex rostrata Stokes var. anticostensis (Fernald) Fernald]
		[=Carex vesicaria var. grahamii sensu Marie-Victorin, non Boott]
		[This sterile hybrid is reported from Nfld., Lab., St. Pierre & Miquelon, Que., NB, Ont. (Scoggan 1978, as Carex Xmainensis), and Europe, A. Reznicek, pers. comm., 1997.]
[N]	Carex sterilis Willd.
	sterile sedge, dioecious sedge; Fr: carex stérile.  Boreal eNA; w/nw/c/eNfld.; calc.
		[=Carex elachycarpa Fernald]
		[=Carex muricata L. var. sterilis (Willd.) Gleason]
		[=Carex stellulata Gooden. var. sterilis (Willd.) Carey]
		[=Kobresia elachycarpa (Fernald) Fernald]
		[NF reports of Carex atlantica likely refer to Carex sterilis.  In Europe, the common name 'dioecious sedge' is used for Carex dioica.]
[LN]	Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. var. stipata
	awlfruit sedge, stipitate sedge; Fr: carex stipité.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
	[Carex straminea  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Carex stylosa C.A. Meyer
	variegated sedge; Fr: carex à long style.  Amphi-Beringian disjunct; N to w/nwNfld., N to nLab. (Okak).
		[=Carex nigritella Drej.]
		[=Carex stylosa var. nigritella (Drej.) Fernald]
[N]	Carex Xsublimosa Lepage (limosa x paleacea)
		[This hybrid is reported from Que., NB, NS, and nwNfld. (Scoggan 1978).]
[L]	Carex Xsubpaleacea J. Cayouette  (paleacea x salina)
Gardner’s sedge; Fr: carex de Gardner.  

		[This hybrid (as C. Xgardneri ) is reported from Lab. (Gready Is.), Que., and Ont. (Scoggan 1978).]
		[=Carex Xgardneri Lepage] - type: Gready Is., Lab.
	[Carex Xsubreducta  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Carex Xsubsalina Lepage (aquatilis X salina)
		[This hybrid sedge is reported from Ship Cove, nwNfld. (Fernald 1926, as Carex aquatilis X salina var. pseudofilipendula) and from Que. (Scoggan 1978).]
[LN]	Carex subspathacea Wormsk. ex Hornem.
	Hoppner's sedge; Fr: carex subspathacé.  Coastal, arctic circumpolar; S to sLab., w/nw/cNfld.; hal.
		[=Carex salina Wahlenb. var. subspathacea (Wormsk. ex Hornem.) Tuckerman]
	[Carex Xsubstans, Carex supina var. spaniocarpa  -  see Appendix I]
	[Carex Xsubviridula  -  see Carex Xruedtii]
	[Carex tenella  -  see Carex disperma]
	[Carex tenera  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Carex tenuiflora Wahlenb.
	sparseflowered sedge; Fr: carex ténuiflore.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld. (except S), N to nLab.; acid.
	[Carex terrae-novae  -  see Carex glacialis]
[LN]	Carex tonsa (Fernald) E.P. Bicknell var. tonsa
	deepgreen sedge; Fr: carex à fruit glabre.  Boreal NA (disj.); N to neNfld., cLab. (Goose Bay).
		[=Carex umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd. var. tonsa Fernald]
		[=Carex rugosperma Mackenzie var. tonsa (Fernald) E.G. Voss]
		[Considered very rare in Nfld., Carex tonsa is known from sandy soil in two locations on the northeast coast (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Carex torta, Carex tribuloides  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Carex Xtrichina Fernald (tenuiflora X trisperma)
		[This hybrid sedge is reported from eNA; sLab. and cNfld. (Fernald 1933).]
[LN]	Carex trisperma Dewey
	three-fruited sedge; Fr: carex trisperme.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Helen Falls). 
		[=Carex trisperma var. billingsii Knight]
[LN]	Carex umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd.
	umbellate sedge; Fr: carex en ombelle.  Boreal NA; c/ne/eNfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay).
		[=Carex abdita E.P. Bicknell]
		[=Carex rugosperma Mackenzie]
		[=Carex umbellata var. brevirostris Boott]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Carex umbellata is found on exposed siliceous (granitic) summits and along gravelly river terraces (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Carex abdita).]
[L]	Carex ursina Dewey
	bear sedge; Fr: carex des ours.  Arctic circumpolar; S to n-most Lab.; hal.
		[=Carex glareosa Wahlenb. var. ursina (Dewey) L.H. Bailey]
[LN]	Carex utriculata Boott in Hook.
	bottle sedge, Northwest Territory sedge; Fr: carex utriculé.  Circumboreal; N to w/cLab.
		[=Carex rhynchophysa Fisch., C.A. Meyer, & Avé-Lall.]
		[=Carex rostrata Stokes in With. subsp. utriculata (Boott) Asch. & Graebn.]
		[=Carex rostrata var. utriculata (Boott) L.H. Bailey]
[N]	Carex vacillans Drej.
	estuary sedge; Fr: carex vacillant.  Boreal amphi-Atlantic; coastal c/neNfld.; hal.
		[Carex vacillans is a stabilized hybrid that arose from a cross between Carex nigra X paleacea.]
[LN]	Carex vaginata Tausch 
	sheathed sedge; Fr: carex engaîné.  Arctic circumpolar; w/nw/cNfld., N to nLab; calc.
		[=Carex panicea L. subsp. vaginata (Tausch) Rouy]
		[=Carex panicea var. sparsiflora Wahlenb.]
		[=Carex phaeostachya Smith]
		[=Carex saltuensis L.H. Bailey]

		[=Carex sparsiflora (Wahlenb.) Steud.]
	[Carex vahlii  -  see Carex norvegica]
[LN]	Carex vesicaria L.
	inflated sedge, lesser bladder sedge, blister sedge; Fr: carex vésiculeux.   Circumboreal, N to cLab. (Cartwright).
		[=Carex inflata Huds.]
		[=Carex miliaris var. raeana (Boott) Kükenthal]
		[=Carex monile Tuckerman]
		[=Carex monile var. raeana (Boott) L.H. Bailey]
		[=Carex raeana Boott in Richardson]
		[=Carex saxatilis L. var. alpigena Fries]
		[=Carex vesicaria var. distenta Fries]
		[=Carex vesicaria var. jejuna Fernald]
		[=Carex vesicaria var. laurentiana Fernald] - type: Doctor Hill, nwNfld.
		[=Carex vesicaria var. monile (Tuckerman) Fernald]
		[=Carex vesicaria var. raeana (Boott) Fernald]
	Carex viridula Michx.
little green sedge; Fr: carex verdâtre, carex tardif.   Species complex: Temp.-Boreal NA, Eurasia (disj.), nAfrica.
[N]	   subsp. brachyrrhyncha („elak.) B. Schmid
	   Boreal amphi-Atlantic (Gulf of St. Lawrence area, Quebec, and Europe); N to w/nw/eNfld.; hal., calc.
		[=Carex flava b. (subsp.) brachyrrhyncha „elak.]
		[=Carex flava L. var. elatior Schlecht.]
		[=Carex flava subsp. lepidocarpa (Tausch) Nyman]
		[=Carex flava var. lepidocarpa (Tausch) Godr.]
		[=Carex flava var. nelmesiana (Raymond) B. Boivin]
		[=Carex lepidocarpa Tausch]
		[=Carex lepidocarpa var. nelmesiana Raymond]
		[=Carex saxilittoralis A. Robertson] - type: Bellburns, nwNfld.
		[=Carex viridula var. elatior (Schlecht.) W.J. Crins]
		[=Carex viridula var. saxilittoralis (A. Robertson) W.J. Crins]
		[=Carex viridula var. lepidocarpa (Tausch) B. Schmid]
		[Crins (FNA, vol. 22, in prep.), recognizes two varieities of subsp. brachyrrhyncha in NA, both of which occur in Nfld.: var. elatior and var. saxilittoralis. Var. elatior is widespread in the Gulf area; var. saxilittoralis, endemic to nwNfld. and sNS, is a dwarf coastal ecotype subject to frequent salt spray.]
[N] i	   subsp. oedocarpa (Anderss.) B. Schmid
	   Temp.-Boreal Europe, nAfrica; intr. in eNA, including Nfld.; acid.
		[=Carex oederi Retz. (no rank) oedocarpa Anderss.]
		[=Carex demissa Hornem.]
		[=Carex flava subsp. oedocarpa (Anderss.) P.D. Sell in Sell & Murrell]
		[=Carex oedocarpa (Anderss.) H. Lindb.]
		[=Carex tumidicarpa Anderss.]
[LN]	   subsp. viridula var. viridula
	   nTemp.-sBoreal NA, Eurasia (disj.), nAfrica; thr. Nfld., N to w/cLab.
		[=Carex flava subsp. serotina (Mérat) K. Richter 1890, non P.D. Sell 1996]
		[=Carex flava var. viridula (Michx.) L.H. Bailey]
		[=Carex oederi Ehrh. 1791, non Retz. 1779]
		[=Carex oederi Retz. forma subglobosa (Mielichhofer) K. Richter]
		[=Carex oederi subsp. viridula (Michx.) Hultén]
		[=Carex oederi var. viridula (Michx.) Kükenthal]
		[=Carex serotina Mérat]
		[=Carex subglobosa Mielichhofer]
		[Map in Porsild & Cody (1980) includes 2 dots for Carex viridula var. viridula in cLab.; Crins & Ball (1989) show two dots in wLab.; other Labrador reports of C. viridula refer to the Côte-Nord, eQue.]

[N]	Carex vulpinoidea Michx.
	fox sedge; Fr: carex faux-vulpin.  Temp.-sBoreal NA; w/neNfld.
		[=Carex setacea Dewey]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Carex vulpinoidea is found in wet meadows on the northeast coast and western Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Carex wiegandii Mackenzie
	Wiegand's sedge; Fr: carex de Wiegand.  Temp. eNA; thr. Nfld.
		[=Carex sterilis Fernald p.p., non Willd.]
		[Type of Carex wiegandii Mackenzie: Curling (now Corner Brook) wNfld.]
		[Labrador reports of Carex wiegandii possibly refer to eQue.]
[L]	Carex williamsii Britton
	Williams’ sedge; Fr: carex de Williams.  Circumboreal (disj.), subarctic; S to nLab.; calc.
		[=Carex capillaris L. var. williamsii (Britton) B. Boivin]
	[Carex Xxanthina  -  see Carex Xxanthocarpa]
[N]	Carex Xxanthocarpa Dégl. ex Loisel., non E.P. Bicknell  (flava X hostiana [var. laurentiana])
		[This sterile hybrid sedge is reported from w/nwNfld. and Que. (Scoggan 1978).]
		[=Carex Xleutzii Kneucker in Seub. var. xanthina (Fernald) B. Boivin (pro nm..)]
		[=Carex Xxanthina Fernald] - type: mouth of Lomond (Main) River, Bonne Bay, wNfld.
[N]	Cladium mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr.
	twigrush; Fr: cladium faux-mariscus, marisque inerme.  Temp. eNA; N to wNfld.
		[=Schoenus mariscoides Muhl.]
		[=Mariscus mariscoides (Muhl.) Kuntze]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Cladium mariscoides has been relocated in Terra Nova Natl. Park (Brouillet et al., 1997); it's scarcity rank will be reevaluated.  Previously, Cladium mariscoides was known from only two locations near the Port au Port.]
[N]	Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton
	threeway sedge; Fr: duliche roseau.  Temp. NA; s/c/ne/eNfld.; aq.
		[=Cyperus arundinaceus L.]
[LN]	Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.
	needle spikerush; Fr: éléocharide aciculaire.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld. (except ne), N to nLab. (Makkovik); aq.
		[=Scirpus acicularis L.]
		[=Eleocharis acicularis forma longicaulis (Desm.) Hegi]
		[=Eleocharis acicularis forma submersa (Nilsson) Norman 1893, non Ostenf. 1902]
		[=Eleocharis acicularis var. submersa (Nilsson) Svenson]
		[=Eleocharis submersa (Nilsson) Miq.]
		[=Scirpus acicularis L. forma submersa (Nilsson) A.E. Porsild]
		[=Scirpus acicularis var. submersa Nilsson]
[N]	Eleocharis elliptica Kunth
	capitate spikerush; Fr: éléocharide elliptique.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld.
		[=Eleocharis capitata (L.) R.Br.]
		[=Eleocharis capitata var. borealis Svenson]
		[=Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) Schult. var. borealis (Svenson) Gleason]
		[=Scirpus capitatus L.]
[LN]	Eleocharis halophila (Fernald & Brackett) Fernald & Brackett
saltmarsh spikerush; Fr: éléocharide halophile.  Coastal, boreal eNA; coastal Nfld. (except nw), N to cLab.; hal.
		[=Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schultes var. halophila Fernald & Brackett]
[LN]	Eleocharis kamtschatica (C.A. Meyer) Kom.
Kamtchatka spikerush; Fr: éléocharide du Kamtchatka.  Coastal, amphi-Beringian disjunct; nwNfld., N to cLab (Paradise River); hal.
		[=Scirpus kamtschaticus C.A. Meyer]
		[=Eleocharis savatieri Clarke]

		[Considered very rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Eleocharis kamtschatica is found along marly pond borders in limestone barrens; it is known from only two locations in nwNfld.]
[N]	Eleocharis nitida Fernald
	slender spikerush, quill spikerush; Fr: éléocharide brillante.  Boreal eNA (disj. in sAlaska); N to w/cNfld.
		[=Eleocharis tenuis sensu B. Boivin, non (Willd.) Schult.]
		[=Scirpus nitidus (Fernald) Hultén]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Eleocharis nitida is found in western and central Nfld. in areas with eutrophic seepage. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Eleocharis obtusa  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Eleocharis ovata (Roth) Roem. & Schult.
	ovoid spikerush; Fr: éléocharide ovale.  Boreal amphi-Atlantic (disj. in wNA, Hawaii); N to nw/c/eNfld.
		[=Scirpus ovatus Roth]
		[=Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult. var. ovata (Roth) Drapalink & Mohlenbr.]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Eleocharis ovata is known from pond margins in only three locations (Bouchard et al., 1991); it was last collected in 1931 by A. Ayre.]
[LN]	Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult.
creeping spikerush, Small's spikerush; Fr: éléocharide des marais, éléocharide de Small.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Scirpus palustris L.]
		[=Eleocharis palustris var. major Sond.]
		[=Eleocharis palustris var. vigens L.H. Bailey]
		[=Eleocharis smallii Britton]
		[=Eleocharis smallii var. major (Sond.) F. Seym.]
[LN]	Eleocharis parvula (Roem. & Schult.) Link ex Bluff, Nees, & Schauer
	dwarf spikerush; Fr: éléocharide naine.  Temp., cosmopolitan; thr. Nfld., N to seLab. (Forteau), hal.
		[=Scirpus parvula Roem. & Schult.]
		[Eleocharis parvula was recently collected in a salt marsh at Forteau, seLab. (NFRPP, 1999).]
[LN]	Eleocharis quinqueflora (Hartmann) O. Schwarz 
	fewflowered spikerush; Fr: éléocharide à cinq fleurs.  Boreal NA, Eurasia (disj.); w/nw/cNfld., N to cLab.; calc.
		[=Scirpus quinqueflorus Hartmann]
		[=Eleocharis pauciflora (Lightf.) Link var. fernaldii Svenson]
		[=Eleocharis quinqueflora subsp. fernaldii (Svenson) Hultén]
		[=Scirpus nanus Spreng.]
		[=Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Eleocharis quinqueflora is known from wet calcareous habitats along the west coast and central Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Eleocharis tenuis  -  see Appendix I]
[L]	Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schult.
	onescale spikerush; Fr: éléocharide uniglume.  Circumboreal; N to cLab.
		[=Scirpus uniglumis Link]
		[=Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. subsp. uniglumis (Link) Hartm.]
		[=Scirpus palustris L. subsp. uniglumis (Link) Syme]
[LN]	Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny subsp. angustifolium
	tall cottongrass; Fr: linaigrette à feuilles étroites.  Arctic circumpolar; S thr. Lab. & Nfld.; calc.
		[=Eriophorum angustifolium subsp. scabriusculum Hultén]
		[=Eriophorum angustifolium subsp. subarcticum (V.N. Vassil.) Hultén ex J.T. Kartesz & Gandhi]
		[=Eriophorum angustifolium subsp. subarcticum var. majus F.W. Schultz]
		[=Eriophorum komarovii V.N. Vassil.]
		[=Eriophorum polystachion L., p.p.] - nom. utique rej. prop. 
		[=Eriophorum polystachion subsp. komarovii (V.N. Vassil.) M.S. Novos.]
		[=Eriophorum subarcticum V.N. Vassil.]
	[Eriophorum angustifolium subsp. triste  -  see Appendix I]

[LN]	Eriophorum brachyantherum Trautv. & C.A. Meyer var. brachyantherum
	close-sheathed cottongrass; Fr: linaigrette à anthères courtes.  Arctic circumboreal; w/nwNfld., N to nLab.; calc.
		[=Eriophorum opacum (Björnstr.) Fernald]
		[=Eriophorum vaginatum var. opacum Björnstr.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Eriophorum brachyantherum is found in peaty areas of limestone barrens on the west coast, but primarily the Great Northern Peninsula.]
[LN]	Eriophorum callitrix Cham. ex C.A. Meyer
sheathed cottongrass, arctic cottongrass; Fr: linaigrette à belle crinière.  Arctic NA & eAsia; n-most Lab., S to nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Eriophorum callitrix var. moravium Raymond] - type: Okak, nLab.
		[=Eriophorum vaginatum sensu Torr., non L.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Eriophorum callitrix is found in peaty depressions in limestone barrens along the Strait of Belle Isle (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Eriophorum chamissonis C.A. Meyer
Chamisso's cottongrass, russet cottongrass; Fr: linaigrette de Chamisso.  Boreal NA, eAsia; w/nw/cNfld., N to n-most Lab.
		[=Eriophorum chamissonis forma albidum (Nyl.) Fernald]
		[=Eriophorum chamissonis var. aquatile (Norman) Fernald]
		[=Eriophorum medium Andersson]
		[=Eriophorum rufescens Andersson]
		[=Eriophorum russeolum Fries ex Hartm.]
		[=Eriophorum russeolum subsp. rufescens (Andersson) Hyl.]
		[=Eriophorum russeolum var. albidum Nyl.]
		[=Eriophorum russeolum var. aquatile Norman]
		[Though followed by FNA, the decision to synonymize Eriophorum russeolum under E. chamissonis is not accepted by all botanists, and some continue to recognize the two taxa as distinct.  To confuse matters more, some European databases recognize Eriophorum russeolum, but places E. chamissonis in synonymy.  Labrador reports of Eriophorum chamissonis were previously reported as Eriophorum russeolum.  Eriophorum medium Andersson, included as a synonym of E. chamissonis, was listed as a hybrid (pro. sp.) in Kartesz (1995), with russeolum X schuechzeri as parents.  European databases now synonymize this Eurasian taxon with Eriophorum russeolum.]
[L]	Eriophorum Xgauthieri B. Boivin (chamissonis X scheuchzeri)
		[This hybrid spikerush if described from Gready and Cross Islands, Labrador (Boivin, 1992).]
[LN]	Eriophorum gracile W.D.J. Koch ex Roth
	slender cottongrass; Fr: linaigrette grêle.   Circumboreal; w/nw/cNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Eriophorum gracile var. caurianum Fernald]
		[Considered rare in Nfld., Eriophorum gracile grows along bog pools margins (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Eriophorum Xmedium  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Eriophorum Xpylaieanum Raymond  (chamissonis [russeolum] x vaginatum var. spissum)
	[This hybrid sedge is known from thr. Nfld., sLab., St. Pierre & Miquelon, and eQue.]
	[Eriophorum russeolum  -  see Eriophorum chamissonis]
[LN]	Eriophorum scheuchzeri Hoppe
	Scheuchzer's cottongrass; Fr: linaigrette de Scheuchzer.  Arctic circumpolar; S to sLab., nw/eNfld.; calc.
		[=Eriophorum capitatum Torr.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Eriophorum scheuchzeri is known from fens on limestone bedrock  along the Strait of Belle Isle (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Eriophorum spissum  -  see  Eriophorum vaginatum  var. spissum]
[LN]	Eriophorum tenellum Nutt.
	rough cottongrass; Fr: linaigrette ténue.  Temp. eNA; thr. Nfld., N to w/cLab. (Ashuanipi L.).
		[=Eriophorum gracile W.D.J. Koch ex Roth var. paucinervium Englem.]
		[=Eriophorum paucinervium (Englem.) A.A. Eaton]
[LN]	Eriophorum vaginatum L. subsp. spissum (Fernald) Hultén
	hare’s tail, tussock cottongrass; Fr: linaigrette dense.  Arctic NA, eAsia; n-most Lab., S thr. Nfld.
		[=Eriophorum spissum Fernald] - type: Sandy Cove, nwNfld.
		[=Eriophorum callitrix auct. non Cham. var. erubescens Fernald]
		[=Eriophorum spissum Fernald var. erubescens (Fernald) Fernald]
		[=Eriophorum vaginatum forma erubescens (Fernald) B. Boivin]
		[=Eriophorum vaginatum var. spissum (Fernald) B. Boivin]
	[Eriophorum vaginatum subsp. vaginatum  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Eriophorum virginicum L.
	tawny cottongrass; Fr: linaigrette de Virginie.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Eriophorum virginicum forma album (A. Gray) Wiegand]
		[=Eriophorum virginicum var. album A. Gray]
[LN]	Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald
	thinleaf cottongrass; Fr: linaigrette verte.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Eriophorum latifolium Hoppe var. viridicarinatum Engelm.]
		[=Eriophorum polystachion L. var. viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Farw.]
	[Kobresia bellardii, Kobresia scirpina  -  see Kobresia myosuroides]
[L]	Kobresia myosuroides (Villars) Fiori & Paoletti
	Bellard's kobresia; Fr: kobrésie de Bellard.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to s-cLab.; calc.
		[=Carex myosuroides Villars]
		[=Carex affinis R.Br. non Nyl.]
		[=Carex bellardi All.]
		[=Elyna bellardi (All.) K. Koch]
		[=Elyna spicata Schrad.]
		[=Kobresia bellardii (All.) Dégl. ex Loisel.]
		[=Kobresia scirpina Willd.]
		[Reports of Kobresia myosuroides from Nfld. are unvalidated.]
[LN]	Kobresia simpliciuscula (Wahlenb.) Mackenzie
arctic kobresia; Fr: kobrésie simple.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.); S to n-most Lab., w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Carex simpliciuscula Wahlenb.]
		[=Carex bipartita Bellardi ex All.]
		[=Kobresia bipartita (Bellardi ex All.) Dalla Torre, non (All.) Britton]
		[=Kobresia caricina Willd.]
[LN]	Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl
	white beakrush; Fr: rhynchospore blanc.  Boreal NA (disj.), Eurasia (disj.); thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Schoenus albus L.]
		[=Rhynchospora alba forma leviseta Gale] 
[N]	Rhynchospora capillacea Torr.
	capillary beakrush; Fr: rhynchospore capillaire.  Temp. eNA; wNfld.; calc.
		[=Rhynchospora capillacea forma leviseta (E.J. Hill) Fernald]
		[=Rhynchospora capillacea var. leviseta E.J. Hill]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Rhynchospora capillacea is known from only two calcareous sites; it was last collected in 1937 (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Rhynchospora fusca (L.) W.T. Aiton
	brown beakrush; Fr: rhynchospore brun.  Temp. amphi-Atlantic; thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Schoenus fuscus L.]

[N]	Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl. ex Bigelow) Á. & D. Löve var. acutus
	hardstem bulrush; Fr: scirpe aigu.  Temp. NA; w/n/cNfld.
		[=Scirpus acutus Muhl. ex Bigelow]

		[=Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla subsp. acutus (Muhl. ex Bigelow) Á. &  D. Löve]
[N]	Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla var. pungens
	threesquare, canemaker's rush; Fr: scirpe piquant, scirpe d’Amérique.  Temp.-Boreal NA; w/c/ne/eNfld.; hal.
		[=Scirpus pungens Vahl, non Ehrh.]
		[=Scirpus americanus auct. non Pers.]
[N]	Schoenoplectus subterminalis (Torr.) Soják
	water clubrush; Fr: scirpe subterminal.  Temp. NA (disj.); w/s/c/eNfld.
		[=Scirpus subterminalis Torr.]
[N]	Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani  (C.C. Gmel.) Palla
	great bulrush, softstem bulrush; Fr: scirpe vigoureux.  Temp.-Circumboreal; wNfld.
		[=Scirpus tabernaemontani C.C. Gmel.]
		[=Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl) Á. & D. Löve 1954, non T. Koyama 1978]
		[=Schoenoplectus validus subsp. creber (Fernald) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Scirpus lacustris L. subsp. creber (Fernald) T. Koyama]
		[=Scirpus lacustris subsp. validus (Vahl) T. Koyama]
		[=Scirpus validus Vahl. 1806, non Kuntze 1891]
		[=Scirpus validus var. creber Fernald]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Scirpus validus), Schoenoplectus tabernae-montani is know from lacustrine marshes in wNfld.  A 1995 collection by S.J. Meades (MT) has extended the Nfld. range north to near Port au Choix.]
	[Scirpus acutus  -  see Schoenoplectus acutus]
[LN]	Scirpus atrocinctus Fernald
	blackgirdled bulrush; Fr: scirpe à ceinture noire.  Temp.-Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to w/c/sLab.
		[=Scirpus atrocinctus forma brachypodus (Fernald) S.F. Blake]
		[=Scirpus atrocinctus var. brachypodus Fernald] - type: St. John's, eNfld.
		[=Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth var. brachypodus (Fernald) Gilly]
[N]	Scirpus atrovirens Willd.
	darkgreen bulrush; Fr: scirpe noirâtre. Temp. NA; wNfld.
		[Most Nfld. reports of Scirpus atrovirens refer to Scirpus hattorianus.  The only verified specimen (GH) of Scirpus atrovirens (s.st.), is from Wild Cove, near Corner Brook.  All other collections of Scirpus atrovirens and var. georgianus are referred to Scirpus hattorianus.  Though classified as rare
		in Bouchard et al. (1991), this was based largely on specimens of S. hattorianus.  Scirpus atrovirens is now considered historically present in Nfld.]
	[Scirpus cespitosus  -  see Trichophorum cespitosum]
[N]	Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth 1837, non Palla 1888
	woolgrass; Fr: scirpe souchet.  Temp.-sBoreal NA; thr. Nfld. (mainly w).
		[=Eriophorum cyperinum L.]
		[=Scirpus cyperinus forma condensatus (Fernald) S.F. Blake]
		[=Scirpus cyperinus var. condensatus Fernald]
		[=Scirpus cyperinus var. eriophorum (Michx.) Kunth]
		[=Scirpus cyperinus var. pelius Fernald]
		[=Scirpus eriophorum Michx.]
		[Labrador specimens of Scirpus cyperinus have been referred to Scirpus atrocinctus.]
	[Scirpus georgianus  -  see Carex hattorianus notes and Appendix I]
[N]	Scirpus hattorianus Makino
	mosquito bulrush; Fr: scirpe de Hattori. Temp. eNA; thru. Nfld. (except s).
		[=Scirpus atrovirens sensu Rouleau, non Willd.]
		[=Scirpus atrovirens forma viviparus Vict.]
		[Most NF reports of Scirpus atrovirens and Scirpus georgianus are referred to Scirpus hattorianus, which is considered rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991) based on reports identified as S. atrovirens.]
	[Scirpus hudsonianus  -  see Trichophorum alpinum]
	[Scirpus maritimus  -  see Bolboschoenus maritimus var. paludosus]

[LN]	Scirpus microcarpus J. & C. Presl
red-tinged bulrush, smallfruited bulrush; Fr: scirpe à nœuds rouges.  Boreal NA, eAsia; thru. Nfld. (except s)., N to sLab., disj. in cLab.
		[=Scirpus rubrotinctus Fernald]
		[=Scirpus rubrotinctus forma confertus (Fernald) Weath.]
		[=Scirpus rubrotinctus var. confertus Fernald]
	[Scirpus pallidus  -  see Appendix I]
	[Scirpus pungens  -  see Schoenoplectus pungens]
	[Scirpus rubrotinctus  -  see Scirpus microcarpus]
	[Scirpus rufus  -  see Blysmopsis rufa]
	[Scirpus subterminalis  -  see Schoenoplectus subterminalis]
	[Scirpus validus  -  see Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani]
[LN]	Trichophorum alpinum (L.) Pers.
alpine cottongrass; Fr: linaigrette alpine, scirpe hudsonien;  Circumboreal (disj.); thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Nain).
		[=Eriophorum alpinum L.]
		[=Eriophorum hudsonianum Michx.]
		[=Scirpus hudsonianus (Michx.) Fernald]
[LN]	Trichophorum cespitosum (L.) Hartm.
	deergrass; Fr: scirpe gazonnant, scirpe cespiteux.  Circumpolar; S thru. Lab. & Nfld.
		[=Scirpus cespitosus L.]
		[=Scirpus cespitosus var. callosus Bigelow]
		[=Scirpus cespitosus var. delicatulus Fernald]
	[Trichophorum pumilum  -  see Appendix I]
	[Trichophorum rollandii  -  see Appendix I, Trichophorum pumilum]
  
Eriocaulaceae  Pipewort Family
[LN]	Eriocaulon aquaticum (Hill) Druce
white buttons, sevenangled pipewort; Fr: ériocaulon aquatique, ériocaulon à sept angles.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Cespa aquatica Hill]
		[=Eriocaulon pellucidum Michx.]
		[=Eriocaulon septangulare With.] - nom. inval.
		[=Nasmythia articulata Huds.]
		[=Nasmythia septangularis (With.) Martius]

[Hemerocallidaceae,  Day Lily Family  -  see Appendix II]
[Hyacinthaceae,  Hyacinth Family  -  see Appendix II]

Hydrocharitaceae  Frogbit Family  (including the former Najadaceae)
[N]	Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & W.L.E. Schmidt

nodding waternymph, slender naiad; Fr: naïade flexible, naïade souple. Temp.(disj.) NA, Eurasia; w/n/cNfld.; aq.

		[=Caulinia flexilis Willd.]
		[=Najas canadensis Michx.]
		[Considered rare in Nfld., Najas flexilis is a submersed aquatic that may be undercollected (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Najas gracillima (A. Braun ex Engelmann) Magnus
	waternymph; Fr: naïade. Temp. NA (mainly e), Eurasia; swNfld.
		[=Najas indica (Willd.) Cham. var. gracillima A. Braun ex Engelmann in A. Gray]
		[This new report comes from FNA, vol. 22:82, 2000.]

Iridaceae  Iris Family
	[Crocus vernus  -  see Appendix II]

[N] i	Iris pseudacorus L.
	yellow iris of Europe; Fr: iris faux-acore, iris jaune.  European; intr. in w/eNfld.
		[Naturalized populations occur near St. John’s, eNfld., and Black Duck Siding and Flatbay, wNfld.]
[N]	Iris Xsancti-cyri Rousseau (setosa X versicolor)
		[This hybrid iris is reported from wNfld. and Anticosti Is., eQue.]
[LN]	Iris setosa Pallas ex Link var. canadensis Foster ex B.L. Robinson & Fernald
	beachhead iris, Hooker’s blueflag; Fr: iris de Hooker, iris du Canada.  Boreal eNA, eAsia; N to nLab. (Hebron).
		[=Iris canadensis (Foster ex B.L. Robinson & Fernald) Small]
		[=Iris hookeri Penny ex G. Don]
		[=Iris hookeri forma pallidiflora Fernald]
		[=Iris hookeri forma zonalis (Eames) Fernald]
		[=Iris hookeriana Foster]
		[=Iris setosa forma zonalis Eames] - type: Bay St. George, wNfld.
		[=Iris setosa subsp. canadensis (Foster ex B.L. Robinson & Fernald) Hultén]
		[=Iris setosa var. canadensis  forma pallidiflora Fernald] - type: Nameless Pt., Flowers Cove, nwNfld.
		[The species complex, Iris setosa, occurs in NA and eAsia; in NA, it has a cordilleran disjunct range; var. setosa occurs in wNA & eAsia (Beringian); var. canadensis (=Iris hookeri) occurs in boreal eNA.]
[LN]	Iris versicolor L.
	blueflag; Fr: clajeux, iris versicolore.  Temp.-Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Iris versicolor forma murrayana Fernald] - type: near mouth of Salmonier R., eNfld.
	[Sisyrinchium angustifolium  -  see Sisyrinchium montanum and Appendix I]
[LN]	Sisyrinchium montanum Greene
	mountain blue-eyed grass; Fr: bermudienne montagnarde.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Sisyrinchium angustifolium auct. non Mill.]
		[=Sisyrinchium bermudiana sensu Rouleau, non L.]
		[=Sisyrinchium bermudiana L. var. crebrum (Fernald) B. Boivin]
		[=Sisyrinchium montanum subsp. crebrum (Fernald) Böcher]
		[=Sisyrinchium montanum var. crebrum Fernald]
		[=Sisyrinchium strictum E.P. Bicknell]
		[Nfld. reports of Sisyrinchium bermudiana and S. angustifolium refer to Sisyrinchium montanum.]

Juncaceae  Rush Family
	[Juncus acutiflorus  -  see Appendix I]
	[Juncus albescens  -  see Juncus triglumis var. albescens]
[N]	Juncus Xalpiniformis Fernald (alpinus x articulatus)
		[This hybrid rush is reported from wNfld., N.B., and B.C. (Scoggan 1978).]
		[Type of Juncus Xalpiniformis Fernald: Bonne Bay, wNfld.]
[LN]	Juncus alpinus Villars
	alpine rush; Fr: jonc alpin.  Circumboreal; w/nw/c/neNfld., N thr. Lab.; calc.
		[=Juncus affinis R.Br. in Richardson]
		[=Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix in Villars]
		[=Juncus alpinoarticulatus subsp. americanus (Farw.) Hämet-Ahti]
		[=Juncus alpinoarticulatus subsp. fuscescens (Fernald) Hämet-Ahti]
		[=Juncus alpinoarticulatus subsp. nodulosus (Wahlenb.) Hämet-Ahti]
		[=Juncus alpinus subsp. nodulosus (Wahlenb.) Lindm.]
		[=Juncus alpinus var. americanus Farw.]
		[=Juncus alpinus var. fuscescens Fernald]
		[=Juncus alpinus var. insignis Fries ex Buch.]
		[=Juncus alpinus var. nodulosus (Wahlenb.) Lindm.]
		[=Juncus alpinus var. rariflorus (Hartm.) Hartm.]
		[=Juncus alpinus var. unibiceps Laest.]
		[=Juncus nodulosus Wahlenb.]

		[=Juncus rariflorus Hartm.]
		[In recent years, the name applied to this taxon was Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix, based on arguments by Hämet-Ahti (1980); however, the original name Juncus alpinus Villars is now considered to be the correct name (A. Reznicek, pers. comm.).]
	[Juncus ambiguus  -  see Juncus bufonius]
	Juncus arcticus Willd.
[L]	     var. alaskanus (Hultén) S.L. Welsh
	     Alaskan rush; Fr: jonc de l'Alaska.  Arctic NA, Asia; S to n-most Lab.
		[=Juncus arcticus subsp. alaskanus Hultén]
		[=Juncus arcticus subsp. arcticus sensu Hultén]
		[=Juncus arcticus subsp. sitchensis Engelm.]
		[=Juncus balticus Willd. subsp. sitchensis (Engelm.) Hultén]
		[=Juncus balticus var. alaskanus (Hultén) A.E. Porsild]
		[The online FNA treatment of Juncus arcticus (Feb. 2000), indicates that var. alaskanus is probably not distinct from the Eurasian var. arcticus; thus Porsild's maps 102 and 103 may be combined for a complete range (Porsild 1973). The latter map shows one distribution dot for Juncus arcticus in northernmost Labrador.]
[LN]	     var. balticus (Willd.) Trautv.
	     Baltic rush; Fr: jonc de la Baltique.  Circumboreal; w/nw/s/c/eNfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay); hal.
		[=Juncus balticus Willd.]
		[=Juncus arcticus subsp. balticus (Willd.) Hyl.]
		[=Juncus arcticus subsp. littoralis (Engelm.) Hultén]
		[=Juncus arcticus subsp. littoralis var. stenocarpus (Buch. & Fernald) Hultén]
		[=Juncus arcticus var. littoralis (Engelm.) B. Boivin]
		[=Juncus balticus subsp. littoralis (Engelm.) Hultén]
		[=Juncus balticus var. littoralis Engelm.]
		[=Juncus balticus var. melanogenus Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Juncus balticus var. stenocarpus Buch. & Fernald]
[N]	Juncus articulatus L.
	jointed rush; Fr: jonc articulé.  Circumboreal (disj.); w/c/ne/eNfld.
		[=Juncus articulatus var. obtusatus Engelm.]
		[=Juncus lamprocarpus Ehrh. ex Hoffm.]
		[Labrador reports of Juncus articulatus require confirmation; reports may refer to eQue.]
	[Juncus balticus  -  see Juncus arcticus var. balticus]
[L]	Juncus biglumis L.
	twoflowered rush; Fr: jonc à deux glumes.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to n/cLab.
	[Juncus brachycephalus  -  see Juncus brevicaudatus notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fernald
	narrow-panicled rush; Fr: jonc brévicaudé.  Boreal NA (disj.); thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Makkovik).
		[=Juncus canadensis J. Gay ex Laharpe var. brevicaudatus Engelm.]
		[=Juncus canadensis var. coarctatus Engelm. in A. Gray]
		[NF reports by Boivin of Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) Buch. refer to Juncus brevicaudatus.]
[LN] 	Juncus bufonius L.
	toad rush; Fr: jonc des crapauds.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to cLab. (Pack Harbour).
		[=Juncus ambiguus auct. non Guss.]
		[=Juncus bufonius var. congestus (S. Watson) Fernald]
		[=Juncus bufonius var. halophilus Buch. & Fernald]
		[=Juncus bufonius var. ranarius (Songeon & E. Perrier) Farw.]
		[=Juncus congestus S. Watson]
		[=Juncus ranarius Songeon & E. Perrier in Billot, non Nees]
[N] i	Juncus bulbosus L.
	bulbous rush; Fr: jonc bulbeux, jonc couché.  European, nAfrican; intro. in w/c/se/eNfld.
		[=Juncus supinus Moench]

[N]	Juncus canadensis J.Gay in Laharpe
	Canada rush; Fr: jonc du Canada. Temp. eNA; w/s/c/eNfld.
		[=Juncus canadensis var. sparsiflorus Fernald]
		[=Juncus canadensis var. longicaudatus Engelm.]
		[Labrador reports of Juncus canadensis likely refer to the Côte-Nord, eQue.]
	[Juncus capitatus  -  see Appendix I]
[L]	Juncus castaneus Smith
	chestnut rush; Fr: jonc châtain.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to cLab.
		[=Juncus castaneus forma pallidus (Hook. ex Buch.) B. Boivin]
		[=Juncus castaneus var. pallidus Hook. ex Buch.]
		[Although Boivin's combination 'forma pallidus' is listed in FNA (online version, vol. 22) as a variety, Boivin's original publication (1967a:525) describes the combination as a form and lists the basionym as var. castaneus Hook. ex Buch., Mon. Junc. 403. 1890.  The Gray Herbarium Card Index, in IPNI's online database, lists both the basionym and Boivin's combination as a 'forma,' with Hooker in Buchenau ex Buchenau listed as the basionym authority.]
[N] i	Juncus compressus Jacq.
	compressed rush; Fr: jonc comprimé. Eurasian; introduced in wNfld.; often hal.
		[=Juncus bulbosus L. 1762, non 1753]
	[Juncus conglomeratus  -  see Juncus effusus]
[LN]	Juncus dudleyi Wiegand
	Dudley's rush; Fr: jonc de Dudley.  Temp.-Boreal NA; wNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Juncus interior Wiegand var. uniflorus Farw.]
		[=Juncus tenuis Willd. var. dudleyi (Wiegand) F.J. Hermann]
		[=Juncus tenuis var. uniflorus (Farw.) Farw.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Juncus dudleyi is found from Gros Morne Natl. Park south along the west coast of Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Juncus tenuis var. dudleyi).]
[N]	Juncus effusus L.
	soft rush, bog rush; Fr: jonc épars.  Circumboreal (disj.); thr. Nfld.
		[=Juncus conglomeratus L.]
		[=Juncus effusus subsp. solutus (Fernald & Wiegand) Hämet-Ahti]
		[=Juncus effusus var. compactus auct. non Lej. & Court.]
		[=Juncus effusus var. conglomeratus (L.) Engelm.]
		[=Juncus effusus var. decipiens Buch.]
		[=Juncus effusus var. pylaei (Laharpe) Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Juncus effusus var. solutus Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Juncus pylaei Laharpe]
		[While many  vars. and subsp. of Juncus effusus have been described, the FNA treatment does not feel there is adequate information to recognize subspecific ranks at this time (FNA Vol. 22 online version).]
[LN]	Juncus filiformis L.
	thread rush; Fr: jonc filiforme.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Juncus filiformis var. pusillus Fries]
[N]	Juncus Xfulvescens Fernald (articulatus x brevicaudatus)
		[This hybrid rush is reported from w/eNfld., P.E.I., and N.S. (Scoggan 1978).]
[N]	Juncus gerardii  Loisel. in Desv.
	black grass, saltmarsh rush; Fr: jonc de Gérard.  Mainly coastal amphi-Atlantic; w/s/c/ne/eNfld.; hal.
		[=Juncus bulbosus L. var. gerardii (Loisel.) A. Gray]
		[=Juncus fucensis H. St. John]
	[Juncus greenei  -  see Appendix I]
	[Juncus interior  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Juncus longistylis Torr. in Emory
	longstyle rush; Fr: jonc longistyle.  Boreal NA (disj.); wNfld.

		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Juncus longistylis is found on alluvial shores in western Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Juncus militaris Bigelow
	bayonet rush, jointed bog rush; Fr: jonc militaire.  Temp. eNA; sw/s/c/eNfld.
[N]	Juncus Xnodosiformis Fernald (alpinus x nodosus)
	This hybrid rush is reported from eCanada (Scoggan 1978), incl. wNfld.
[N]	Juncus nodosus L.
	knotted rush; Fr: jonc noueux.  Temp.-Boreal NA; w/nwNfld.; often calc., brackish.
		[=Juncus nodosus var. meridionalis F.J. Hermann]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Juncus nodosus is found in fens and pond shores in western Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Juncus pelocarpus E. Meyer
	brownfruited rush; Fr: jonc à fruits bruns.  Boreal eNA; w/s/c/eNfld., N to sLab.
		[=Juncus pelocarpus var. sabulonensis H. St. John] 
[LN]	Juncus stygius L. var. americanus Buch.
	moor rush; Fr: jonc des tourbières, jonc d'Amérique.  Boreal NA, eAsia; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Juncus stygius subsp. americanus (Buch.) Hultén]
[N]	Juncus subcaudatus (Engelm.) Coville & S.F. Blake
	Engelmann's rush; Fr: jonc subcaudé.  Temp. eNA; c/eNfld.
		[=Juncus canadensis J.Gay var. subcaudatus Engelm.]
		[=Juncus subcaudatus var. planisepalus Fernald]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Juncus subcaudatus is known from riverbanks and shoreline thickets in central Nfld. and the southern Avalon (see Hay et al., 1990); it was last collected in 1951.]
[LN]	Juncus subtilis E. Meyer
	creeping rush; Fr: jonc délié.  Boreal eNA; w/cNfld., N to nLab.
		[=Juncus fluitans Michx., non Lam.]
		[=Juncus pelocarpus E. Meyer var. subtilis (E. Meyer) Engelm.]
		[=Juncus uliginosus Kunth var. subtilis (E. Meyer) Hook.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld, Juncus subtilis is known from pond margins in western and central Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Juncus tenuis Willd.
	path rush, slender rush; Fr: jonc ténu, jonc grêle.  Temp.-Boreal NA; n/nw/c/eNfld., disj. in cLab.
		[=Juncus macer  S.F. Gray]
		[=Juncus tenuis var. multicornis E. Mey.]
[LN]	Juncus trifidus L.
	highland rush; Fr: jonc trifide.  Subarctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic, S thr. Lab. & Nfld.
		[=Juncus monanthos Jacq.]
		[=Juncus trifidus var. monanthos (Jacq.) Bluff & Fingerh.]
[LN]	Juncus triglumis L. var. albescens Lange
	northern white rush; Fr: jonc blanchâtre.  Arctic-alpine NA, eAsia; thr. Lab., S to w/nw/neNfld.
		[=Juncus albescens (Lange) Fernald]
		[=Juncus triglumis subsp. albescens (Lange) Hultén]
	[Juncus triglumis var. triglumis  -  see Appendix I]
[L]	Juncus vaseyi Engelm.
	Vasey's rush; Fr: jonc de Vasey.  Boreal NA; N to cLab.
		[=Juncus greenei Oakes & Tuck. var. vaseyi (Engelm.) B. Boivin]
		[Labrador reports of Juncus greenei Oakes & Tuck. refer to Juncus vaseyi (J. greenei var. vaseyi).]
[N]	Luzula acuminata Raf. var. acuminata
	hairy woodrush; Fr: luzule acuminée. Boreal eNA (disj.); sw/eNfld.
		[=Juncoides saltuense (Fernald) A. Heller]
		[=Juncus pilosa Can. auct. non L.]
		[=Luzula carolinae S.Watson var. saltuensis (Fernald) Fernald]
		[=Luzula pilosa (L.) Willd. var. saltuensis (Fernald) B. Boivin]
		[=Luzula saltuensis Fernald]
		[Considered very rare in Nfld, Luzula acuminata is known from only two southern locations: Tompkins, swNfld., and Cape St. Mary's seNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Luzula acuminata var. carolinae  -  see Appendix I]
[L]	Luzula arctica Blytt in Blytt & A.Blytt
	arctic woodrush; Fr: luzule arctique.  Circumpolar; S to n-most Lab.
		[=Juncoides arcticum (Blytt) Coville]
		[=Juncoides hyperboreum (R.Br.) E. Sheldon p.p.]
		[=Juncoides nivalis (Laest.) Coville]
		[=Luzula campestris (L.) DC. var. nivalis Laest.]
		[=Luzula hyperborea R.Br. p.p.]
		[=Luzula nivalis (Laest.) Beurling]
	[Luzula arcuata subsp. unalaschkensis  -  see Appendix I]
[N] i	Luzula campestris (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC.
	field woodrush; Fr: luzule champêtre.  European; intro. in w/c/ne/eNfld.
		[=Juncus campestris L.]
		[=Juncoides campestre (L.) Kuntze] 
		[=Luzula campestris var. congesta sensu Fern 1926, non (Thuill.) E. Meyer]
		[=Luzula multiflora var. congesta auct. non (Thuill.) W.D.J. Koch]
		[Labrador (and other Can.) reports of Luzula campestris refer to Luzula multiflora (Scoggan 1978).]
[L]	Luzula confusa Lindeberg
	northern woodrush; Fr: luzule trompeuse.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S thr. Lab.
		[=Juncoides hyperboreum (R.Br.) E. Sheldon p.p.]
		[=Luzula hyperborea R.Br. p.p.]
		[=Luzula arcuata Can. auct., non Wahlenb.]
		[=Luzula confusa Lindeberg var. arctuata sensu Rouleau, non (Wahlenb.) Smith]
		[Labrador reports of Luzula arcuata refer to Luzula confusa.]
[L]	Luzula groenlandica Böcher
	Greenland woodrush; Fr: luzule du Groenland.  Subarctic-alpine NA; S to nLab. (Fraser River mouth); hal.
		[=Luzula groenlandica var. fuscoatra Böcher]
	[Luzula hyperborea  -  see Luzula arctica, Luzula confusa]
	Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej.
	common woodrush; Fr: luzule multiflore.  Circumpolar; S thr. Lab. & Nfld.
[LN]	    subsp. frigida (Buch.) V.I. Krecz.
		[=Luzula campestris (L.) DC. var. frigida Buch.] - type: Labrador & Alberta
		[=Luzula frigida (Buch.) Sam. in Lindm.]
		[=Luzula multiflora var. frigida (Buch.) Sam. in Hultén ex Hultén]
		[=Luzula multiflora var. fusconigra „elak.]
		[=Luzula sudetica (Willd.) DC. var. frigida (Buch.) Fernald]
		[A Fernald collection from Western Head, GMNP, identified as Luzula sudetica var. frigida has been located.  Luzula multiflora subsp. frigida is a candidate for rare plant status in Nfld.  Labrador reports of Luzula sudetica are referred to Luzula multiflora subsp. frigida.]
[N]	    subsp. multiflora
		[=Juncus campestris L. var. multiflorus Ehrh.]
		[=Juncus multiflorus (Ehrh.) Ehrh. 1794, non Retz. 1795]
		[=Luzula campestris (L.) DC. var. multiflora (Ehrh.) „elak.]
		[=Luzula multiflora var. acadiensis Fernald]
	[Luzula nivalis  -  see Luzula arctica]
	[Luzula pallescens  -  see Luzula pallidula]
[N] i	Luzula pallidula J. Kirschner
	pale woodrush, fen woodrush; Fr: luzule pâle.  Eurasian; intr. in sw/cNfld.
		[=Juncus pallescens Wahlenb.]

		[=Luzula campestris (L.) DC. subsp. pallescens (Wahlenb.) „elak.]
		[=Luzula pallescens (Wahlenb.) Besser]
[LN]	Luzula parviflora (Ehrh.) Desv.
	smallflowered woodrush; Fr: luzule parviflore.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S thr. Lab. to w/nw/sNfld.
		[=Juncus parviflorus Ehrh.]
		[=Juncoides parviflorum (Ehrh.) Coville]
		[=Juncus melanocarpus Michx.]
		[=Luzula labradorica Steud.]
		[=Luzula melanocarpa (Michx.) Desv.]
		[=Luzula parviflora subsp. melanocarpa (Michx.) Hämet-Ahti]
		[=Luzula parviflora var. melanocarpa (Michx.) Buch.]
		[=Luzula spadicea (All.) DC. var. melanocarpa (Michx.) E. Meyer]
		[=Luzula spadicea var. parviflora (Ehrh.) E. Meyer]
[LN]	Luzula spicata (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC.
	spiked woodrush; Fr: luzule en épi.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.); thr. Lab., S to w/nw/eNfld.
		[=Juncus spicatus L.]
		[=Juncoides spicatum (L.) Kuntze]
	[Luzula sudetica  -  see Luzula multiflora subsp. frigida notes and Appendix I]
	[Luzula wahlenbergii  -  see Appendix I]
  
Juncaginaceae  Arrow Grass Family
[N]	Triglochin gaspensis Lieth & D. Löve
	Gaspé arrowgrass; Fr: troscart de Gaspésie.  eCanada and Puerto Rico; coastal w/n/s/eNfld.
		[Listed as Triglochin Xgaspense (maritima X palustre) in Rouleau (1978).]
		[Triglochin gaspensis was originally published by Lieth & D. Löve as T. gaspense (neuter), but is considerd feminine according to the ICBN rules, hence the ending change (FNA, vol. 22, 2000).]
[LN]	Triglochin maritima L.
	seaside arrowgrass; Fr: troscart maritime.  Circumboreal and nAfr.; w/n/s/cNfld., N to nLab. 
		[=Triglochin concinna J.B. Davey]
		[=Triglochin elata Nutt.]
		[Triglochin maritima was originally published by Linnaeus as T. maritimum (neuter), but is considerd feminine according to the ICBN rules, hence the ending change (FNA, vol. 22, 2000).]
[LN]	Triglochin palustris L.
	marsh arrowgrass; Fr: troscart des marais.  Circumboreal and sSA; thru Nfld., N to nLab. 
		[Triglochin palustris was originally published by Linnaeus as T. palustre (neuter), but is considerd feminine according to the ICBN rules, hence the ending change (FNA, vol. 22, 2000).]

Lemnaceae Duckweed Family
	[Lemna minor  - see Appendix I]
[N] e?	Lemna ?turionifera Landolt 
	common duckweed; Fr: lenticule turionifère.  Temp. NA, Eurasia; ?intr. in sw/wNfld.
[Since the Nfld. report of Lemna in Scoggan (1978) could not be substantiated, the range of Lemna turionifera did not include Nfld. in vol. 22 of FNA, (Dr. E. Landolt, pers. comm., 1/28/2000).  However, a recently reported population from a single pond in Irishtown, swNfld., was located by the NFRPP in 7/2000; another report of an introduced population W of Corner Brook, by a member of Ducks Unlimited, has yet to be verified.  The Irishtown specimen has tentatively been identified as Lemna turionifera; verification is being sought from E. Landolt.  Lemna turionifera is believed to be introduced in Nfld. and populations are most likely ephemeral.]

Liliaceae  Lily Family s.l.  (excluding Alliaceae, Asparagaceae, Colchicaceae, Convallariaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Hemerocallidaceae, Melianthaceae, and Tofieldiaceae)
[LN]	Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Raf.
cornlily, poisonberry (NF), yellow clintonia; Fr: clintonie boréale.  Boreal NA, N to cLab. (Mealy Mts.).

		[=Dracaena borealis Aiton]
	[Lilium lancifolium  -  see Appendix II]

Melanthiaceae Melanthium Family  (formerly included in the Liliaceae)
[N]	Trillium cernuum L.
	nodding trillium, nodding wake-robin; Fr: trille penché.  Temp. eNA; N to w/c/ne/eNfld.
		[=Trillium cernuum var. terrae-novae B. Boivin]
[L]	Veratrum viride Aiton var. viride
American false hellebore; Fr: vérâtre vert, tabac du diable.  Temp. eNA; N to wLab. (Carol Lake).
	[Zigadenus elegans  -  see Appendix I]

[Najadaceae - see Hydrocharitaceae]

Orchidaceae  Orchid Family
[N]	Amerorchis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Hultén
	small roundleaf orchis, oneleaf orchid; Fr: orchis à feuille ronde.  Boreal NA; w/nwNfld.
		[=Orchis rotundifolia Banks ex Pursh]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Amerorchis rotundifolia is found in low tuckamoor on limestone barrens, primarily in the upper Great Northern Peninsula.]
[LN]	Arethusa bulbosa L.
dragon’s mouth, swamp pink; Fr: aréthuse bulbeuse.   nTemp.-Boreal eNA; thr. most of Nfld. (except nw), N to cLab. (Goose Bay).
		[=Arethusa bulbosa forma albiflora Rand & Redfield]
[N]	Calopogon tuberosus (L.) B.S.P. var. tuberosus
tuberous grasspink; Fr: calopogon tubéreux.  Temp.-Boreal eNA; w/s/ne/eNfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay).
		[=Limodorum tuberosum L.]
		[=Calopogon pulchellus R.Br. ex W.T. Aiton]
		[The sole Labrador report of Calopogon tuberosus from Goose Bay (Scoggan 78) was corrected to Arethusa bulbosa.]
[N]	Calypso bulbosa  (L.) Oakes var. americana (R.Br. ex W.T. Aiton) Luer
fairyslipper, calypso; Fr: calypso bulbeux.  Circumboreal; w/nwNfld.; mainly calc.
		[=Calypso americana R.Br. ex W.T. Aiton]
		[=Calypso bulbosa subsp. americana (R.Br. ex W.T. Aiton) Foster ex B.L. Robinson & Fernald]
		[Basionym of Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes: Cypripedium bulbosum L. ]
		[Classified as historically present (SH) in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Calypso bulbosa has been located at three sites since 1994 (Burnt Cape, Cook's Harbour, and the Port au Port Peninsula, see Meades 1994a).  Recent reports from near Cape Norman have yet to be verified.  In light of recent discoveries, the scarcity rank for Calypso bulbosa will be reevaluated. A specimen of Calypso bulbosa from seLabrador at GH is actually from the Côte Nord, eQuebec.]
	[Coeloglossum viride  -  see Dactylorhiza viridis]
[LN]	Corallorhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf. var. maculata
spotted coralroot; Fr: corallorhize maculée.  Boreal NA; w/nw/c/eNfld., N to s-cLab. (Luer, 1975).
		[=Cladorhiza maculata Raf.]
[N]	Corallorhiza striata Lindl. var. striata
	striped coralroot; Fr: corallorhize striée.  sBoreal NA; wNfld.; calc.
		[=Corallorhiza ochroleuca Rydb.]
		[=Corallorhiza striata var. ochroleuca (Rydb.) Magrath]
		[A single plant of Corallorhiza striata was reported from wNfld. by M. Anions, GMNP, 1997.  Several plants have since been located and this species is a candidate for rare plant status in Nfld.]
[LN]	Corallorhiza trifida Châtelain
	early coralroot, pale coralroot; Fr: corallorhize trifide.  Circumboreal; w/nw/c/eNfld., N to nLab.
		[=Corallorhiza corallorhiza (L.) H. Karst.] - illeg. tautonym
		[=Corallorhiza trifida var. verna (Nutt.) Fernald]

		[=Ophrys corallorhiza L.]
[N]	Cypripedium acaule Aiton
pink ladyslipper; Fr: cypripède acaule.  Temp.-Boreal NA; N thr. most of Nfld. (not nw).
		[=Cypripedium acaule forma albiflorum Rand & Redfield]
		[=Fissipes acaulis (Aiton) Small]
		[The common name 'sabot de la vierge' applies to all ladyslipper (Cypripedium) species.]
	[Cypripedium calceolus  -  see Cypripedium parviflorum]
	Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb.
large yellow ladyslipper, flatpetalled yellow ladyslipper, golden slipper (NF); Fr: cypripède soulier.   Boreal NA (var. makasin: Temp. NA); w/nwNfld.; calc.
[N]	     var. makasin (Farwell) Sheviak
		[=Cypripedium pubescens Willd. var. makasin Farwell]
[N]	     var. pubescens (Willd.) O.W. Knight
		[=Cypripedium pubescens Willd.]
		[=Cypripedium calceolus L. var. planipetalum (Fernald) Vict. & J. Rousseau]
		[=Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens (Willd.) Correll]
		[=Cypripedium parviflorum var. planipetalum Fernald] - type: near Savage Cove, nwNfld.
		[=Cypripedium planipetalum (Fernald) F.J.A. Morris in Morris & Eames] - nom. illeg. 
		[Cypripedium parviflorum var. planipetalum is classified as rare in Nfld. in Bouchard et al., 1991 (as Cypripedium calceolus var. planipetalum).  However, C. Sheviak (1994, 1995, pers. comm.) considers the flat-petalled plants representative of typical variation found in northern populations.]
[N]	Cypripedium reginae Walter
	showy ladyslipper; Fr: cypripède royal.  Temp. eNA; wNfld.; calc.
		[=Cypripedium hirsutum Mill.]
		[=Cypripedium reginae forma albolabium Fernald & B.G. Schub.]
		[=Cypripedium spectabile Salisb.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Cypripedium reginae is found in forested fens; it is an indicator species of the Carex-black spruce forest type (Meades & Moore, 1989).]
Dactylorhiza majalis (Rchb.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh.
[N] i	   ?subsp. praetermissa (Druce) D.M. Moore & Soó var. praetermissa (Druce) Bateman & Denholm
	   southern marsh orchid, Tilt Cove orchid; Fr: orchis négligé.  European; intr. in Tilt Cove, neNfld.; serp.
		[=Orchis praetermissa Druce]
		[=Dactylorchis praetermissa (Druce) Verm.]
		[=Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó]
		[The identity of this dactylorchid is still under consideration, waiting the result of genetic analysis, and should be considered provisional, R. Bateman, pers. comm., 2000.]
[N] i	   subsp. praetermissa (Druce) D.M. Moore & Soó var. junialis (Verm.) Senghas
	   leopard marsh orchid; Fr: orchis de juin.  sEngland; intr. in St. John's, eNfld.
		[=Orchis latifolia L. var. junialis Verm.]
		[=Orchis paradalina Pugsley]
		[=Dactylorchis praetermissa (Druce) Verm. var. junialis (Verm.) Verm.]
		[=Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó. subsp. junialis (Verm.) Soó]
		[Two populations of Dactylorhiza majalis are known from Nfld.  The first, from Tilt Cove (Baie Verte Peninsula), is morphologically distinct from the recently discovered St. John’s population (Clase and Meades, 1996); both represent separate unintentional introductions that have successfully naturalized. The St. John's population appears to be the same variety as the Timmins, Ontario, Dactylorhiza (R. Bateman, pers. comm.), also an accidental introduction. The Tilt Cove Dactylorhiza was first identified as Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó.  Positive identification waits on the results of isozyme and genetic analysis by Dr. R. Bateman, Natural History Museum, London.]
[N]	Dactylorhiza viridis (L.) R.M. Bateman, A.M. Pridgeon, and M.W. Chase
longbracted frog orchid; Fr: orchis grenouille, habénaire à longues bractées.  Circumboreal; w/nw/cNfld.; calc.
		[=Satyrium viride L.]
		[=Coeloglossum bracteatum (Muhl ex Willd.) Parl.]
		[=Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm.]
		[=Coeloglossum viride subsp. bracteatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Hultén]

		[=Coeloglossum viride subsp. virescens (Muhl. ex Willd.) Hultén]
	[=Coeloglossum viride var. virescens (Muhl. ex Willd.) Luer]
		[=Habenaria bracteata (Muhl. ex Willd.) R.Br. ex W.T. Aiton]
		[=Habenaria virescens (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng.]
		[=Habenaria viridis (L.) R.Br. ex W.T. Aiton]
		[=Habenaria viridis var. bracteata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Rchb. ex A. Gray]
		[=Habenaria viridis var. interjecta Fernald] - type: Big Brook, nwNfld.
		[=Habenaria viridis var. vaillantii (Ten.) Fernald]
		[=Orchis bracteata Muhl. ex Willd.]
		[=Orchis virescens Muhl. ex Willd.]
		[=Orchis viridis (L.) Crantz]
		[=Orchis viridis $ (var.) vaillantii Ten.]
		[=Platanthera viridis (L.) Lindl.]
		[=Platanthera viridis var. bracteata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Rchb. ex A. Gray]
[Recent molecular work (Bateman, Pridgeon, and Chase, 1997) has shown that Coeloglossum actually belongs in the genus Dactylorhiza.  Until recently, 2 varieties of Dactylorhiza viridis (as Coeloglossum viride, Bouchard et al., 1991) were reported in Newfoundland, var. viride and  var. virescens; however, these varieties are no longer recognized, as the size variation in this species appears to be controlled by degree of exposure in the habitat. Although Luer's map (1975) shows Coeloglossum extending into Labrador, no valid Labrador specimens have been found in the herbarium record.  The sole Labrador specimen at NFM has been annotated to Platanthera huronense (J. Maunder, pers. comm., 11/2000).]
[N] i	Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz
	broadleaf helleborine; Fr: épipactis petit-hellébore.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Serapias helleborine L.]
		[This European introduction was first discovered in St. John’s, eNfld., in 1994 (Clase, 1995).  The population has persisted and is spreading locally.]
[N]	Goodyera oblongifolia Raf.
Menzies' rattlesnake plantain; Fr: goodyérie à feuilles oblongues.  Boreal NA (disj.); wNfld.
		[=Goodyera menziesii Lindl.]
		[=Goodyera decipiens (Hook.) F.T. Hubbard]
		[=Peramium decipiens (Hook.) Piper]
		[=Spiranthes decipiens Hook.]
		[Goodyera oblongifolia is classified as historically present in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).  It is reported to have been relocated in 1995 from the Serpentine Lake area, wNfld., by a student of P.M. Brown. However, this report has not been verified. Photographs have not been provided for examination and the specimen has not been relocated.]
[LN]	Goodyera repens (L.) R.Br. ex W.T. Aiton
dwarf rattlesnake plantain; Fr: goodyérie rampante.  Circumboreal; thr. most of Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Satyrium repens L.]
		[=Goodyera repens var. ophioides Fernald]
		[=Peramium ophioides (Fernald) Rydb.]
[N]	Goodyera tesselata Lodd.
	checkered rattlesnake plantain; Fr: goodyérie panachée.  sBoreal eNA; w/nw/c/eNfld.
		[=Epipactis tesselata (Lodd.) A.A. Eaton]
		[=Peramium tesselatum (Lodd.) A. Heller]
[N?]	Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. ex Lindl.
Loesel’s twayblade, yellow widelip orchid; Fr: liparis de Loesel.  Temp. amphi-Atlantic; N to ?swNfld.
		[=Ophrys loeselii L.]
		[Liparis loeselii was first reported from Nfld. in Titford & Titford (1995, photograph).  Attempts to relocate this species from an uncertain location near Stephenville, wNfld., have been unsuccessful.]
[LN]	Listera auriculata Wiegand
auricled twayblade; Fr: listère auriculée.  sBoreal eNA; w/n/cNfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay).

		[=Ophrys auriculata (Wiegand) House]
[L?N] 	Listera borealis Morong
	northern twayblade; Fr: listère boréale.  Boreal NA (disj.); nwNfld.; calc.
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Listera borealis is known from only one site in nwNfld. (Eddie's Cove), which Fernald (1933) reported to be heavily grazed.  Luer reports Listera borealis from throughout Labrador, but other range maps do not include this area.]
[N]	Listera convallarioides (Swartz) Torr., 1826
	broadlip twayblade; Fr: listère faux-muguet.  Boreal NA (disj.); w/n/cNfld.
		[=Listera convallarioides (Swartz) Nutt. ex Elliott, 1818] - nom. nud.
		[=Epipactis convallarioides Swartz]
		[=Ophrys convallarioides (Swartz) W. Wight ex House]
[LN]	Listera cordata (L.) R.Br. ex W.T. Aiton var. cordata
heartleaf twayblade; Fr: listère cordée.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Ophrys cordata L.]
[N]	Listera Xveltmanii Case (auriculata X convallarioides)
	Veltman's twayblade; Fr: listère de Veltman.  Boreal eNA; w/c/neNfld.
[LN]	Malaxis monophylla (L.) Swartz var. brachypoda (A. Gray) F.J.A. Morris & Eames
	white addersmouth; Fr: malaxis à pédicelles courts.  Boreal NA; w/nwNfld., N to cLab. (Luer, 1975); calc.
		[=Microstylis brachypoda A. Gray]
		[=Malaxis brachypoda (A. Gray) Fernald]
		[Basionym of Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Swartz: Ophrys monophyllos L.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda is found in calcareous habitats on the west coast and one site in Fortune Bay (Bouchard et al.,1991).]
[LN]	Malaxis unifolia Michx.
green addersmouth; Fr: malaxis unifolié.  Temp.-Boreal eNA, CA; N to cLab. (Goose Bay).
		[=Malaxis ophioglossoides Muhl. ex Willd.]
		[=Microstylis ophioglossoides (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt. ex Eaton]
		[=Microstylis unifolius (Michx.) B.S.P.]
	[Piperia unalascensis  - see Platanthera foetida]
	[Platanthera albida var. straminea  -  see Pseudorchis albida]
[N]	Platanthera Xandrewsii (M.White) Luer  (lacera x psycodes)
	Andrews' bog orchid; Fr: platanthère d’Andrews.  Temp. eNA; w/eNfld.
		[=Habenaria Xandrewsii M.White in G. Niles]
		[=Habenaria psycodes X lacera A.L. Andrews]
[LN] 	Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak
	northern green orchid; Fr: platanthère hyperboréale.  Boreal NA, eAsia; w/n/cNfld., N to nLab.
		[=Platanthera hyperborea auct. non (L.) Lindl.]
		[North American plants considered to be Platanthera hyperborea are all referred to the new species Platanthera aquilonis; true P. hyperborea is found only in Iceland and Greenland. (Sheviak, 1999).]
[N]	Platanthera blephariglottis  (Willd.) Lindl. var. blephariglottis
	white fringed orchid; Fr: platanthère à gorge frangée.  nTemp eNA; w/s/eNfld. 
		[=Orchis blephariglottis Willd.]
		[=Blephariglottis albiflora Raf.]
		[=Blephariglottis blephariglottis (Willd.) Rydb.] - illeg. tautonym
		[=Habenaria blephariglottis (Willd.) Hook.]
[N]	Platanthera clavellata (Michx.) Luer
green woodland orchid, clubspur orchid; Fr: platanthère claviforme.  Temp.-sBoreal eNA; thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Orchis clavellata Michx.]
		[=Gymnadeniopsis clavellata (Michx.) Rydb.]
		[=Habenaria clavellata (Michx.) Spreng.]
		[=Habenaria clavellata var. ophioglossoides Fernald]
		[=Habenaria tridentata (Willd.) Hook.]
		[=Orchis tridentata Willd.]
[LN]	Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex L.C. Beck var. dilatata
scentbottle (NF), white bog orchid, bog candle; Fr: platanthère dilatée.  Boreal NA, eAsia; thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Orchis dilatata Pursh] - type: Labrador.
		[=Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook.]
		[=Limnorchis dilatata (Pursh) Rydb.]
		[=Limnorchis fragrans Rydb. in Britton & Brown]
[N]	Platanthera foetida Geyer ex Hook. f.
Alaska rein orchid; Fr: orchis d’Unalaska.  Cordilleran disjunct: wNA, Great Lakes region, Anticosti, nwNfld.
		[=Spiranthes unalascensis Spreng.]
		[=Habenaria foetida (Geyer ex Hook. f.) S. Watson]
		[=Habenaria unalascensis (Spreng.) S. Watson]
		[=Herminium unalascense (Spreng.) Rchb.f.]
		[=Piperia unalascensis (Sprengl.) Rydb.] - published as 'unalaschensis'
		[=Platanthera unalascensis (Spreng.) Kurtz]
		[Recent molecular work by Bateman and others has shown that Piperia belongs in the genus Platanthera (R. Bateman et al. 1997 and submitted manuscript).  A single specimen of Platanthera foetida was collected on the Great Northern Peninsula (Doctor’s Brook area) by L. Johnson in 1996; the specimen was identified by Dr. P. Catling.  More specimens were located at St. John Bay by the NFRPP, 2000.  Platanthera foetida is a candidate for rare plant status in Nfld.]
[N]	Platanthera grandiflora (Bigelow) Lindl.
	large purple fringed orchid, large butterfly orchid; Fr: platanthère grandiflore.  nTemp. eNA; w/s/cNfld.
		[=Orchis grandiflora Bigelow]
		[=Blephariglottis grandiflora (Bigelow) Rydb.]
		[=Habenaria fimbriata (Dryander) R.Br. in W.T. Aiton]
		[=Habenaria grandiflora (Bigelow) Torr.]
		[=Habenaria psycodes (L.) Spreng. var. grandiflora (Bigelow) A. Gray]
		[=Orchis fimbriata Dryander in Aiton] - nom. dub.
		[=Platanthera fimbriata (Dryander) Lindl. var. grandiflora (Bigelow) Hook.]
		[=Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. var. grandiflora (Bigelow) Torr.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Platanthera grandiflora is known from several areas across the island, but has not been found on either the Avalon or the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Platanthera hookeri (Torr. ex A. Gray) Lindl.
	Hooker's orchid; Fr: platanthère de Hooker.  nTemp.-sBoreal eNA; w/nwNfld.
		[=Habenaria hookeri Torr. ex A. Gray]
		[=Habenaria hookeri var. abbreviata Fernald] - type: Eastern Point, St. John Bay, nwNfld.
		[=Habenaria hookeri var. oblongifolia Paine]
		[=Lysias hookeriana (A. Gray) Rydb.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Platanthera hookeri is known from turfy limestone barrens on the Great Northern Peninsula and western Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]

[LN]	Platanthera huronensis (Nutt.) Lindl.
	tall northern green orchid, Huron green orchid; Fr: platanthère de Huronie.  nTemp. eNA; wNfld., ?thru Lab.
		[=Orchis huronensis Nutt.]
		[=Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook. var. media (Rydb.) Hultén]
		[=Habenaria media (Rydb.) G. Niles]
		[=Habenaria huronensis (Nutt.) Spreng.]
		[=Habenaria hyperborea (L.) R.Br. ex W.T. Aiton var. huronensis (Nutt.) Farw.]
		[=Limnorchis huronensis (Nutt.) Rydb.]
		[=Limnorchis media Rydb.]
		[=Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl. var. huronensis (Nutt.) Luer]
		[=Platanthera Xmedia (Rydb.) Luer (pro. sp.) (reported as dilatata X hyperborea)] 
		[Hybrids between Platanthera dilatata and P. hyperborea can occur, although they are indistinguish-able from Platanthera huronensis, which is of hybrid origin (pers. comm., P. Catling, 1997).  The Labrador range of this species is uncertain.]
	[Platanthera hyperborea  -  see Platanthera aquilonis and Appendix I]
[N]	Platanthera Xkeenanii P.M. Brown (grandiflora X lacera) - nom. inval.
	Keenan’s fringed orchid; Fr: platanthère de Keenan.  nTemp. eNA, where the parent species overlap; wNfld.		[Platanthera Xkeenanii has been reported from wNfld., but no herbarium specimens have been seen.  Also, Kartesz & Gandhi (1995) state that P. Xkeenanii was not validly published by P.M. Brown (1993), since a Latin diagnosis was not provided; this name is considered a nomen invalida.]
[N]	Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G.Don
	ragged fringed orchid, green fringed orchid; Fr: platanthère lacérée.  Temp. eNA; w/s/c/eNfld.
		[=Orchis lacera Michx.]
		[=Blephariglottis lacera (Michx.) Farw.]
		[=Habenaria lacera (Michx.) R.Br.]
		[=Habenaria lacera  var. terrae-novae Fernald] - type: Port aux Basques, swNfld.
		[=Platanthera lacera var. terrae-novae (Fernald) Luer]
		[Nfld. plants of Platanthera lacera have a lip that is less fringed than those of typical P. lacera and have been treated as var. terrae-novae by Luer (1975).  However he also states that, when comparing Nfld. plants with typical Midwestern ones, they "seem sufficiently distinct to constitute a separate species, were it not for the transitional forms that occur between them."]
[N]	Platanthera macrophylla (Goldie) P.M. Brown
	Goldie's roundleaf orchid; Fr: platanthère à grandes feuilles.  nTemp. eNA; N to ne/eNfld.
		[=Habenaria macrophylla Goldie]
		[=Habenaria orbiculata (Pursh) Torr. forma macrophylla (Goldie) F.J.A. Morris in Morris & Eames, p.p.]
		[=Habenaria orbiculata var. macrophylla (Goldie) B. Boivin]
		[=Lysias macrophylla (Goldie) House]
		[=Platanthera orbiculata (Pursh) Lindl. var. macrophylla (Goldie) Luer]
		[Reported as historically present in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Platanthera macrophylla is  known from a few forested sites in the central Avalon (including Salmonier Nature Park) and neNfld. (Terra Nova NP, 1997); its scarcity rank will be reevaluated.  Reports from wNfld. refer to P. orbiculata.]
[Platanthera Xmedia  -  see Platanthera huronensis]
[LN]	Platanthera obtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Lindl.
bluntleaf bog orchid; Fr: platanthère à feuille obtuse.  Boreal NA, nEurasia (disj.); thr. Nfld., N to n-most Lab.
		[=Orchis obtusata Banks ex Pursh]
		[=Habenaria obtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Richardson]
		[=Habenaria obtusata var. collectanea Fernald] - type: St. John’s Island, nwNfld.
		[=Lysiella obtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Rydb.]
[N]	Platanthera orbiculata (Pursh) Lindl.
	large roundleaf orchid; Fr: platanthère à feuilles orbiculaires.  nTemp.-sBoreal NA; w/s/eNfld.
		[=Orchis orbiculata Pursh]
		[=Habenaria menziesii (Lindl.) Macoun]
		[=Habenaria orbiculata (Pursh) Torr., p.p.] - hom. illeg.
		[=Habenaria orbiculata var. lehorsii Fernald]
		[=Habenaria orbiculata var. menziesii (Lindl.) Fernald]
		[=Lysias orbiculata (Pursh) Rydb., p.p.]
		[=Platanthera menziesii Lindl.]
		[=Platanthera orbiculata var. lehorsii (Fernald) Catling]
		[Labrador reports of Platanthera orbiculata are discounted by Reddoch and Reddoch (1993).]
[N]	Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl.
	small purple fringed orchid, small butterfly orchid; Fr: platanthère papillon.  nTemp.-sBoreal eNA; thr. Nfld.
		[=Orchis psycodes L.]
		[=Blephariglottis psycodes (L.) Rydb.]
		[=Habenaria psycodes (L.) Spreng.]
[N]	Platanthera Xvossii Case (blephariglottis x clavellata)
	Voss' orchid; Fr: platanthère de Voss.  Boreal NA. Reported from Nfld.
		[Platanthera Xvossii is reported from Nfld. by P.M. Brown; specimens have not been verified.]
[N]	Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker-Gawl.
	rose pogonia; Fr: pogonie langue-de-serpent.  Temp.-sBoreal eNA; thr. most of Nfld. (exc. nw).
		[=Arethusa ophioglossoides L.]
[N]	Pseudorchis albida (L.) Á. & D. Löve subsp. straminea (Fernald) Á. & D. Löve
Newfoundland orchid, vanilla scented bog orchid; Fr: orchis paille, orchis de Terre-Neuve.  Boreal amphi-Atlantic; N to nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Habenaria straminea Fernald] - type: Cape Norman, nwNfld.
		[=Habenaria albida (L.) R.Br. ex W.T. Aiton var. straminea (Fernald) F.J.A. Morris & E.A. Eames]
		[=Leucorchis albida (L.) E. Meyer subsp. straminea (Fernald) A. & D. Löve]
		[=Platanthera albida (L.) Lindl. var. straminea (Fernald) Luer]
		[Basionym of Pseudorchis albida (L.) Á. & D. Löve: Satyrium albidum L.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Pseudorchis albida var. straminea is known from limestone barrens on the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Platanthera albida var. straminea).]
	[Spiranthes cernua, S. lacera, S. ochroleuca  -  see Spiranthes romanzoffiana notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham.
	hooded ladies-tresses; Fr: spiranthe de Romanzoff.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Gyrostachys romanzoffiana (Cham.) Britton & Rydb.]
		[=Gyrostachys stricta Rydb.]
		[=Ibidium strictum (Rydb.) House]
		[=Spiranthes stricta (Rydb.) A. Nelson]
		[=Triorchis stricta (Rydb.) Nieuwl.]
		[NF reports of Spiranthes cernua, S. lacera, and S. ochroleuca refer to Spiranthes romanzoffiana.]
  
Poaceae  Grass Family
[L] i	Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. subsp. pectinatum (M.Bieb.) Tzvelev
	crested wheatgrass; Fr: agropyre à crête.  Eurasian; intr. in cLab.
		[=Triticum pectinatum M.Bieb.]
		[=Agropyron cristatiforme P.K. Sarkar]
		[=Agropyron pectiniforme Roem. & Schult.]
		[Basionym of Agropyrum cristatum (L.) Gaertn.: Bromus cristatum L.]
	[Agropyron pectiniforme  -  see Agropyron cristatum]
	[Agropyron repens  -  see Elymus repens]
	[Agropyron trachycaulum  -  see Elymus trachycaulus]
	[Agropyron violaceum  -  see Elymus alaskanus subsp. latiglumis]
	[Agrostis borealis  -  see Agrostis mertensii]

[LN] i	Agrostis canina L.
	velvet bent; Fr: agrostide des chiens.  Eurasian; intr. in w/ne/c/eNfld., N to cLab.
		[Scoggan (1978) reports that a specimen of Agrostis canina from Cartwright has been identified by Malte (CAN), but another Labrador report (St. John, 1922) is referred to Agrostis (borealis) mertensii.  Agrostis canina probably should be considered ephemeral in Labrador.]
[LN] i	Agrostis capillaris L.
	colonial bent, Rhode Island bent; Fr: agrostide fine.  wEurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay).
		[=Agrostis pumila L.]
		[=Agrostis sylvatica Huds.]
		[=Agrostis tenuis Sibth.]
		[=Agrostis tenuis forma aristata (Parnell) Wiegand]
		[=Agrostis tenuis var. aristata (Parnell) Druce]
		[=Agrostis tenuis var. pumila (L.) Druce]

		[=Agrostis vulgaris With.]
		[=Agrostis vulgaris var aristata Parnell]
		[Agrostis capillaris is considered native in the northerly part of its range (A.S. Hitchc. & Chase, 1971, as Agrostis tenuis var. aristata).  A collection of Agrostis rossiae from Bonne Bay, wNfld., reported by Fernald (1933, 1950) is referred by A.E. Dahl to A. capillaris (tenuis) (Scoggan 1978).]
[N] i	Agrostis gigantea Roth
	redtop; Fr: agrostide blanche.  Eurasian; intr. in w/neNfld.
		[=Agrostis alba auct. non L.]
		[=Agrostis alba var. gigantea (Roth) Lej. 1824, non G. Meyer 1836]
		[=Agrostis alba var. maior Gaudin]
		[=Agrostis nigra With.]
		[=Agrostis stolonifera L. subsp. gigantea (Roth) Schübl. & Martens]
		[=Agrostis stolonifera var. gigantea (Roth) W.D.J. Koch]
		[=Agrostis stolonifera var. major (Gaudin) Farw.]
		[Agrostis gigantea is undercollected and is probably more widespread than collections indicate.]
	[Agrostis hyemalis  -  see Agrostis scabra and Appendix I]
[LN]	Agrostis mertensii Trin.
northern bent; Fr: agrostide de Mertens.  Arctic-alpine circumboreal (disj.); w/nw/s/eNfld., N to n-most Lab.; often serp.
		[=Agrostis borealis Hartm.] 
		[=Agrostis borealis forma macrantha (Eames) Fernald] 
		[=Agrostis borealis var. americana (Scribn.) Fernald]
		[=Agrostis borealis var. macrantha Eames]
		[=Agrostis borealis var. paludosa (Scribn.) Fernald]
		[=Agrostis canina var. mertensii (Trin.) Kuntze]
		[=Agrostis mertensii subsp. borealis (Hartm.) Tzvelev]
		[=Agrostis paludosa Scribn.]
		[=Agrostis rubra L. var. americana Scribn.]
		[=Agrostis rupestris auct. non All.]
		[=Aira labradorica Steud.]
[N]	Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman
	upland bent; Fr: agrostide pérennante.  Temp. eNA, SA; N to w/cNfld.
		[=Cornucopiae perennans Walt.]
		[=Agrostis altissima (Walt.) Tuckerman]
		[=Agrostis oreophila Trin.]
		[=Agrostis perennans var. aestivalis Vasey]
		[=Agrostis scabra Willd. var. perennans (Walt.) Wood]
		[=Agrostis schweinitzii Trin.]
		[=Cornucopiae altissima Walt.]
		[Considered rare in Nfld., Agrostis perennans is reported from Tompkins (ACAD), Gander (Scoggan 1978), and swNfld. (Bouchard et al. 1991).  Labrador reports of Agrostis perennans are unvalidated.]
	[Agrostis rossiae  -  see Agrostis capillaris notes and Appendix I]
	Agrostis scabra Willd.
[LN]	     var. geminata (Trin.) Swallen
	     twin bent; Fr: agrostide géminée.  Boreal NA; w/nw/cNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Agrostis geminata Trin.]
		[=Agrostis geminata forma exaristata Fernald]
		[=Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) B.S.P. forma exaristata (Fernald) Scoggan]
		[=Agrostis hiemalis var. geminata (Trin.) A.S. Hitchc.]
[LN]	     var. scabra
	     rough bent, rough hairgrass; Fr: agrostide scabre.  Temp.-Boreal NA, eAsia; thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Agrostis hyemalis auct. non (Walt.) B.S.P.]
		[=Agrostis hyemalis var. scabra (Willd.) Blomq.]
		[=Agrostis hyemalis var. tenuis (Tuckerman) Gleason]
		[=Agrostis hyemalis var. tenuis forma setigera (Fernald) E.G. Voss]
		[=Agrostis hyemalis var. tenuis forma tuckermani (Fernald) Scoggan]
		[=Agrostis scabra forma tuckermani Fernald]
		[=Agrostis scabra subsp. septentrionalis (Fernald) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Agrostis scabra var. tenuis Tuckerman, non Sibth.]
		[=Agrostis scabra var. septentrionalis Fernald] - type: Bonne Bay, wNfld.
		[=Agrostis scabra var. septentrionalis forma setigera Fernald] - type: Sand Bank, swNfld.
		[NF reports of Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. are referred to Agrostis scabra.]
[LN] i	Agrostis stolonifera L.
creeping bent; Fr: agrostide stolonifère.  Circumboreal (disj.); intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab. (Cartwright).
		[=Agrostis alba auct. non L.]
		[=Agrostis alba forma aristigera (Fernald) Fernald]
		[=Agrostis alba var. palustris (Huds.) Pers.]
		[=Agrostis alba var. stolonifera (L.) Smith]
		[=Agrostis maritima Lam.]
		[=Agrostis palustris Huds.]
		[=Agrostis stolonifera forma aristigera Fernald]
		[=Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.]
		[Some authors consider Agrostis stolonifera to be indigenous northward, introduced in sNA.]
	[Agrostis tenuis  -  see Agrostis capillaris]
[LN]	Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. var. natans (Wahlenb.) Fernald
	short-awned foxtail; Fr: vulpin à courtes arêtes.  Circumboreal; w/n/cNfld., N to nLab. (Saglak Bay).
		[=Alopecurus geniculatus L. var. natans Wahlenb.]
		[=Alopecurus aristulatus Michx.]
[L]	Alopecurus alpinus Smith, non Vill., nor L.
	alpine foxtail; Fr: vulpin alpin, vulpin boréal.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to n-cLab.
		[=Alopecurus alpinus subsp. alpinus sensu Hultén 1968]
		[=Alopecurus alpinus subsp. glaucus (Lessing) Hultén]
		[=Alopecurus borealis Trin.]
		[=Alopecurus glaucus Lessing]
[N] e	Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir.
	creeping foxtail; Fr: vulpin roseau.  Eurasian, nAfr.; intr. in sw/eNfld.
		[=Alopecurus ventricosus Pers.] - nom. illeg.
		[Alopecurus arundinaceus is known in North America only from the Codroy Valley, wNfld., and Mt. Pearl, eNfld., see I.J. Green, Rhodora 46(550): 386-87, 1944 (Scoggan 1978).]
[LN] i	Alopecurus geniculatus L.
	water foxtail; Fr: vulpin géniculé.  European; intr. in w/c/s/eNfld., disj. in wLab.
		[Southern Labrador reports of Alopecurus geniculatus by Boivin require confirmation (Scoggan 1978); however, a report from wLab. is given in R. Day, 1995.]

[LN] i	Alopecurus pratensis L.
	meadow foxtail; Fr: vulpin des prés.  wEurasian; intr. in w/n/c/eNfld., N to sLab. (Venison Tickle).
		[=Alopecurus pratensis forma breviaristatus Beck]
[Alopecurus ventricosus  -  see Alopecurus arundinaceus]
	[Ammophila arenaria  -  see Ammophila brevigulata]
[L?N]	Ammophila breviligulata Fernald
beachgrass; Fr: ammophile à ligule courte. Coastal, nTemp. eNA, Great Lakes, & St. Lawrence River Valley; N to w/nw/s/eNfld.
		[=Ammophila arenaria auct. non (L.) Link]
		[NF reports of Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link (marram grass) refer to Ammophila brevigulata. Labrador reports of Ammophila breviligulata probably refer to the Côte Nord, eQue. (Scoggan 1978).]
[N] i	Anthoxanthum odoratum L. subsp. odoratum
	sweet vernalgrass; Fr: flouve odorante.  wEurasian; intr. in w/c/s/eNfld.
		[=Anthoxanthum alpinum Á. & D. Löve]
[L]	Arctagrostis latifolia (R.Br.) Griseb. in Ledeb. subsp. latifolia
	polargrass; Fr: Arctagrostis à larges feuilles.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to nLab.
		[=Colpodium latifolium R.Br.]
		[=Arctagrostis latifolia var. longiglumis Polunin]
[L]	Arctophila fulva (Trin.) Rupr. ex Andersson
	pendent grass; Fr: arctophile fauve.  Arctic circumpolar; disj. in cLab. (Lake Melville).
		[=Poa fulva Trin.]
		[=Colpodium fulvum (Trin.) Griseb. in Ledeb.]
[N] e	Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J. & C. Presl var. elatius
	tall oatgrass; Fr: fenasse, fromental.  European, nAfr.; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Avena elatior L.]
		[Only one site for Arrhenatherum elatius is reported in Nfld. (Rouleau & Lamoureux 1992).]
[N] i	Avena fatua L.
	wild oats; Fr: folle avoine.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/eNfld.
[N] e	Avena sativa L.
	cultivated oats; Fr: avoine cultivée.  Eurasian; intr. in w/nw/c/eNfld.
		[=Avena fatua L. subsp. sativa (L.) Thell.]
[L] e	Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald
	slough grass; Fr: beckmannie à écailles unies.  Circumboreal; intr. in wLab.
		[=Panicum syzigachne Steud.]
		[First verified Labrador report is from Labrador City, Nordic ski trail, J.E. Maunder, 1977 (NFM).]
	[Brachyelytrum erectum  -  see Brachyelytrum septentrionale notes and Appendix I]
[N]	Brachyelytrum septentrionale (Babel) G.C. Tucker
	northern shorthusk; Fr: brachyélytrum septentrional.  Temp.-sBoreal eNA; N to w/c/e Nfld.
		[=Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb. ex Roth) P.Beauv. var. septentrionale Babel]
		[=Brachyelytrum aristosum (Michx.) Trel. var. glabratum Vasey ex Millsp.]
		[=Brachyelytrum erectum var. glabratum (Vasey ex Millsp.) T. Koyamo & Kawano]
		[=Brachyelytrum erectum var. septentrionale Babel]
		[NF reports of Brachyelytrum erectum are referred to Brachyelytrum septentrionale.  See Koyamo & Kawano, 1964.]
[N] e 	Briza media L.
	doddering dillies, quaking oats; Fr: amourette commune, amour du vent.  Eurasian
		[Nfld. reports of Briza media by Reeks 1871,1873 (Scoggan 1978), likely refer to ephemeral garden escapes.]
[L] e	Bromus catharticus Vahl
	rescue grass, Johnson grass, Schrader's brome; Fr: brome cathartique.  Temp.-Tropical Am.; intr. in cLab.
		[=Bromus schraderi Kunth] - nom. illeg.
		[=Bromus unioloides Kunth in H.B.K. 1815, non Raspail 1825]
		[=Bromus willdenowii Kunth]
		[=Ceratochloa cathartica (Vahl) Herter 1940, non Henrard 1941]
		[=Ceratochloa unioloides (Willd.) P.Beauv.]
		[=Ceratochloa willdenowii (Kunth) W.A. Weber]
		[=Festuca unioloides Willd. 1803, non Bromus unioloides Kunth, 1815]
		[=Schedonorus unioloides (Kunth) Roem. & Schult.]
		[The name Bromus catharticus is sometimes discarded as a nom. confus. infavour of Bromus willdenowii.  Scoggan (1978) reports a specimen of Bromus catharticus from Goose Bay, (DAO, ACAD), determined by Dore.  See Kartesz & Gandhi (1990: Phytologia 69(4): 303-304) for a discussion on the nomenclatural problems of this taxon.]
[LN]	Bromus ciliatus L. var. ciliatus
	fringed brome; Fr: brome cilié.  Boreal NA, eAsia; N thr. Nfld. to cLab.
		[=Bromopsis ciliata (L.) Holub]
		[=Bromus canadensis Michx.]
		[=Bromus ciliatus var. intonsus Fernald]
		[=Bromus dudleyi Fernald] - type: Deer Brook, Bonne Bay, wNfld.
	[Bromus dudleyi  -  see Bromus ciliatus]
[N] e	Bromus hordeaceus L. subsp. hordeaceus
	soft brome, soft chess; Fr: brome mou.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Bromus hordeaceus var. mollis auct. non (L.) Fiori]
		[=Bromus mollis auct. non L.]
		[A specimen from St. John’s, eNfld., collected by I.J. Greene: SWGC; was verified by S. Hay, 1997.]
[LN] i	Bromus inermis Leyss. subsp. inermis
	smooth brome, Hungarian brome; Fr: brome inerme.  Eurasian; intr. in c/eNfld., cLab.
		[=Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub]
		[=Bromus inermis forma aristatus (Schur) Fernald] - intr. near Goose Bay, cLab.  
		[=Bromus inermis var. aristatus Schur]
		[=Bromus inermis var. divaricatus Rohlena] - intr. near Grand Falls, cNfld. (Scoggan 1978).
	[Bromus mollis  -  see Bromus hordeaceus]
[N] e	Bromus racemosus L.
	bald brome, upright chess; Fr: brome à grappes.  Temp. European; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Bromus mollis L. var. racemosus (L.) Fiori in Fiori & Paoletti]
		[=Bromus hordeaceus L. var. racemosus (L.) Fiori]
		[Scoggan (1978) reports Bromus racemosus from St.John's, eNfld., identified by Dore.]
	[Bromus secalinus  -  see Appendix I]
	Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P.Beauv.
bluejoint, Canada reedgrass (subsp. langsdorfii: Langsdorff's reedgrass); Fr: calamagrostide du Canada.  Circumboreal; N thr. Nfld. & Lab.
[LN]	     var. canadensis
		[=Arundo canadensis Michx.]
		[=Calamagrostis atropurpurea Nash]
		[=Calamagrostis canadensis var. acuminata Vasey in Rydb. & Shear]
		[=Calamagrostis canadensis var. robusta Vasey in Rothr.]
		[=Calamagrostis michauxii Trin. ex Steud.]
		[=Deyeuxia canadensis (Michx.) Munro ex Hook. fil.]
[LN]	     var. langsdorffii (Link) Inman
		[=Arundo langsdorfi Link]
		[=Calamagrostis canadensis subsp. langsdorffii (Link) Hultén]
		[=Calamagrostis canadensis var. scabra (J. Presl) A.S. Hitchc.]
		[=Calamagrostis hirtigluma Steud.] - type: Mission Albrecht., Lab.
		[=Calamagrostis langsdorffii (Link) Trin.]
		[=Calamagrostis scabra J. Presl]
		[=Deyeuxia langsdorfii (Link) Kunth]
		[Trinius made an orthographic correction in the specific epithet published by Link, from 'langsdorfii' to 'langsdorffii,' since this taxon was named after Langsdorff (C.W. Greene, pers. comm.).]
[N]	     var. macouniana (Vasey) Stebbins
		[=Deyeuxia macouniiana Vasey]
		[=Calamagrostis macouniana (Vasey) Vasey]
[L?]	Calamagrostis deschampsioides Trin.
circumpolar reedgrass; Fr: calamagrostide fausse-deschampsie.  Arctic circumpolar (disj.); S to ?cLab.; hal.
[Labrador reports of Calamagrostis deschampsioides are unconfirmed. C.W. Greene (pers. comm.) reports seeing no Labrador specimens of C. dechampsioides during his revision of Calamagrostis, but Hultén (1968), Porsild & Cody (1980), and Blondeau & Cayouette (1987) show Labrador distributions.  Vouchers have not been located yet.]
[L] e	Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth var. epigejos
	chee reedgrass, bushgrass; Fr: calamagrostide épigéios, calamagrostide commune. Eurasian; intr. in cLab.
		[=Arundo epigejos L.]
		[The specific epithet is sometimes spelled 'epigeios,' rather than 'epigejos.' Labrador reports refer to a cLab. (Goose Bay area) report; see <http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/mono/poa/calam/calaepiv.jpg>.]

	[Calamagrostis hyperborea   -  see Calamagrostis stricta subsp. stricta]
	[Calamagrostis inexpansa, labradorica, and lacustris  -  see Calamagrostis stricta subsp. inexpansa]
[L]	Calamagrostis lapponica (Wahlenb.) Hartm.
	Lapland reedgrass; Fr: calamagrostide de Laponie.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to cLab.
		[=Arundo lapponica Wahlenb.]
		[=Calamagrostis lapponica var. nearctica A.E. Porsild]
	[Calamagrostis neglecta  -  see Calamagrostis stricta subsp. stricta]
[N]	Calamagrostis pickeringii A. Gray
	Pickering's reedgrass; Fr: calamagrostide de Pickering.  Boreal eNA; N thr. Nfld.
		[=Calamagrostis breviseta (A. Gray) Scribn.]
		[=Calamagrostis breviseta var. debilis Kearney] - type: Exploits R., near mouth of Badger Brk., cNfld.
		[=Calamagrostis pickeringii var. debilis (Kearney) Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Calamagrostis sylvatica DC. var. breviseta A. Gray]
		[Labrador reports of Calamagrostis pickeringii are unvalidated.]
[N]	Calamagrostis purpurascens R.Br. in Richardson var. purpurascens
purple reedgrass; Fr: calamagrostide pourpre.  Arctic-alpine, mainly amphi-Beringian; disj. in wNfld.; calc.
		[=Arundo purpurascens (R.Br.) Schult.]
		[=Calamagrostis lepageana Louis-Marie]
		[=Calamagrostis sylvatica DC. var. americana Vasey]
		[=Deyeuxia purpurascens (R.Br.) Kunth]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Calamagrostis purpurascens is known from only one location (Penguin Arm. wNfld.); it was last collected in 1950.]
	Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler
[LN]	   subsp. inexpansa (A. Gray) C.W. Greene
	   northern reedgrass, bog reedgrass; Fr: calamagrostide contractée.  Boreal NA, eAsia; thr. Nfld. (mainly
	   w/nw), N to nLab; often calc., serp.
		[=Calamagrostis inexpansa A. Gray]
		[=Calamagrostis americana (Vasey ex Macoun) Scribn. in Rydb. & Shear]
		[=Calamagrostis breviseta (A. Gray) Scribn. var. lacustris Kearney]
		[=Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P.Beauv. var. arcta Stebbins]
-			 type: Torngat Region, Head of Nachvak Bay, Lab.
		[=Calamagrostis hyperborea sensu Fernald 1950, p.p., non Lange]
		[=Calamagrostis hyperborea Lange var. americana (Vasey ex Macoun) Kearney]
		[=Calamagrostis inexpansa var. brevior (Vasey) Stebbins]
		[=Calamagrostis inexpansa var. robusta (Vasey) Stebbins]
		[=Calamagrostis labradorica Kearney] - type: Bonne Esperance,"Labrador," actually eQue.
		[=Calamagrostis lacustris (Kearney) Nash in Britton & Brown]
		[=Calamagrostis lapponica (Wahlenb.) Hartm. var. brevipilis Stebbins] - type: Blanc Sablon, eQue.
		[=Calamagrostis neglecta (Ehrh.) Gaertn., B. Meyer, & Scherb. var. inexpansa (A. Gray) M.E. Jones]
		[=Calamagrostis pickeringii A. Gray var. lacustris (Kearney) A.S. Hitchc.]
		[=Calamagrostis robusta (Vasey) Vasey]
		[=Calamagrostis stricta var. brevior Vasey in Rothr.]
		[=Calamagrostis stricta var. robusta Vasey in Rothr.]
		[=Deyeuxia neglecta (Ehrh.) Kunth var. americana Vasey ex Macoun]
		[With the inclusion of Calamagrostis canadensis var. arcta in Calamagrostis stricta subsp. inexpansa, the subspecies range extends N to nLab., rather than just seLab. (Fox Harbour).]
[LN]	   subsp. stricta
	   narrow reedgrass Fr: calamagrostide dressée.  Circumboreal; Nfld. (mainly w/nwNfld.), N thr. Lab.; hal. 
[LN]	     var. borealis (Laest.) Hartm.
		[=Calamagrostis borealis Laest.]
		[=Arundo groenlandica Schrank] - type: Labrador.
		[=Calamagrostis groenlandica (Schrank) Kunth]
		[=Calamagrostis neglecta var. borealis (Laest.) K. Richt. 1890, non Kearney 1898]
[LN]	     var. stricta
		[=Arundo stricta Timm in Siemssen]
		[=Arundo neglecta Ehrh. p.p.] - hom. illeg.
		[=Calamagrostis hyperborea sensu Fernald 1950, p.p., non Lange]
		[=Calamagrostis neglecta (Ehrh.) Gaertn., B. Meyer, & Scherb.] - nom. illeg.
		[=Calamagrostis neglecta subsp. stricta (Timm) Tzvelev]
		[=Calamagrostis neglecta var. stricta (Timm) Griseb. in Ledeb.]
[LN]	Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P.Beauv.
	water hairgrass; Fr: catabrosa aquatique.  Boreal NA, wEurasia; sw/nNfld. N to cLab. (Seal Isl.); hal.
		[=Aira aquatica L.]
		[=Catabrosa aquatica var. laurentiana Fernald]
		[=Glyceria aquatica (L.) J. & C. Presl, non (L.) Wahlenb.]
		[Nfld. report of Phippsia algida (Day 1993) is referred to Catabrosa aquatica.]
[LN]	Cinna latifolia (Trevir. ex Göpp.) Griseb.
	wood reedgrass; Fr: cinna à larges feuilles.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld. N to nLab. (Hebron).
		[=Agrostis latifolia Trevir. ex Göpp.]
	[Colpodium vahlianum  -  see Puccinellia vahliana]
[N] i	Cynosurus cristatus L.
	crested dogstail; Fr: crételle des prés.  Mainly European; intr. in w/eNfld.
[N] i	Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. glomerata
	orchard grass; Fr: dactyle pelotonné.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/s/eNfld.
		[=Dactylis glomerata var. detonsa Fries]
[N] i	Danthonia decumbens (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC.
	heath grass; Fr: danthonie décombante.  European; intr. in se/eNfld.
		[=Festuca decumbens L.]
		[=Sieglingia decumbens (L.) Bernh.]
		[=Triodia decumbens (L.) P.Beauv.]
[LN]	Danthonia intermedia Vasey
	timber oatgrass; Fr: danthonie intermédiaire.  Boreal NA; wNfld., N to cLab. (Makkovik); serp.
		[Considered rare in Nfld., Danthonia intermedia is known from serpentine talus slopes in wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Danthonia spicata (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.
	poverty oatgrass; Fr: danthonie à épi.  Temp.-Boreal NA; N thr. Nfld. to nLab.
		[=Avena spicata L.]
		[=Danthonia spicata var. pinetorum Piper]
[L]	Deschampsia alpina (L.) Roem. & Schult.
	alpine hairgrass; Fr: deschampsie alpine.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic, disj. in Eurasia; S to n-mostLab.
		[=Aira alpina L.]
		[=Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. alpina (L.) Tzvelev]
	[Deschampsia atropurpurea  -  see Vahlodea atropurpurea]
	[Deschampsia brevifolia  -  see Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. brevifolia]
	Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P.Beauv.
tufted hairgrass; Fr: deschampsie cespiteuse.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; thr. Lab. S to s/w/n/eNfld. (subsp. brevifolia: S to ?n-most Lab.); often calc.
[L?]	   subsp. brevifolia (R.Br.) Tzvelev in Tolm.
		[=Deschampsia brevifolia R.Br.]
		[=Aira arctica Spreng.]
		[=Aira brevifolia (R.Br.) M.Bieb.]
		[=Aira cespitosa var. brevifolia (R.Br.) Trautv.]
		[=Deschampsia arctica (Spreng.) Ostenf.]
		[Labrador reports of Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. brevifolia (Rouleau 1978) require confirmation.]
[LN]	   subsp. cespitosa
		[=Aira cespitosa L.]
		[=Aira caespitosa var. littoralis Gaudin]
		[=Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. glauca (Hartm.) Hartm. 1846, non Tzvelev 1974]
		[=Deschampsia cespitosa var. glauca (Hartm.) Sam.]
		[=Deschampsia cespitosa var. littoralis (Gaudin) K. Richt.]
		[=Deschampsia glauca Hartm.]
		[=Deschampsia littoralis (Gaudin) Reut.]
		[=Deschampsia pungens Rydb.]
		[The specific epithet should be spelled 'cespitosa,' rather than 'caespitosa.']
[LN]	Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.
wavy hairgrass; Fr: deschampsie flexueuse. Boreal eNA, Eurasia, intr. in wNA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Port Burwell).
		[=Aira flexuosa L.]
		[=Aira montana L.]
		[=Deschampsia flexuosa var. montana (L.) Griseb. in Ledeb.]
		[=Lerchenfeldia flexuosa (L.) Schur]
		[=Lerchenfeldia flexuosa subsp. montana (L.) Tzvelev]
[L?]	Deschampsia paramushirensis Honda
	dwarf hairgrass; Fr: deschampsie naine.  Arctic NA, eAsia; S to ?n-mostLab.; hal.
		[=Deschampsia brevifolia R.Br. var. pumila Griseb. in Ledeb.]
		[=Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. subsp. paramushirensis (Honda) Tzvelev]
		[=Deschampsia pumila (Griseb.) Ostenf., non Stevn. ex Fomin & Waronow] - nom. illeg.
		[Labrador reports of Deschampsia (pumila) paramushirensis (Rouleau 1978) require confirmation.  Aiken et al. (1995+) report that Tzvelev recognized Deschampsia pumila as a later homonym of Deschampsia pumila Stev. ex Fomin & Waronow, which is referable to Catabrosa pumila.]
	[Deschampsia pumila  -  see Deschampsia paramushirensis]
N] i	Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz) Gould & C.A. Clark var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann
	woolly panicgrass; Fr: panic laineux.  Temp. NA; intr. in c/ne/eNfld.
		[=Panicum dichotomum L. var. fasciculatum Torr.]
		[=Dichanthelium acuminatum var. implicatum (Scribn. ex Britton & Brown) Gould & C. A. Clark]
		[=Dichanthelium lanuginosum (Elliott) Gould]
		[=Panicum acuminatum Swartz]
		[=Panicum implicatum Scribn. ex Britton & Brown]
		[=Panicum lanuginosum Elliott, non Bosc ex Spreng.]
		[=Panicum lanuginosum var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Fernald]
		[=Panicum lanuginosum var. implicatum (Scribn. ex Britton & Brown) Fernald]
[N]	Dichanthelium boreale (Nash) Freckmann
northern panic grass; Fr: panic boréal.  nTemp.-sBoreal eNA; N to w/s/c/neNfld.
		[=Panicum boreale Nash]
	[Dichanthelium depauperatum  -  see Appendix I]
	[Digitaria ischaemum  -  see Appendix I]
[L]	XDupoa labradorica (Steudel) J. Cayouette & Darbysh. (Dupontia fisheri x Poa eminens subsp. psilosantha)
Labrador bluegrass; Fr: pâturin du Labrador. Arctic eCanada (nLab.; eHudson Bay, nQue.), S to nLab. (Hopedale); hal.
		[=Poa labradorica Steudel 1854, non Fernald 1929] - type: Bowdoin Harb., nLab.
		[=Poa eminens J. Presl in C. Presl var. labradorica (Steudel) Abbe] - nom. illeg.
[L]	Dupontia fisheri R.Br.
	Fisher’s tundra grass; Fr: dupontie de Fisher.  Circumpolar; S to cLab.; hal.
		[=Dupontia fischeri subsp. psilosantha (Rupr.) Hultén]
		[=Dupontia fischeri var. micrantha (Rupr.) Polunin]
		[=Dupontia fischeri var. psilosantha (Rupr.) Trautv.]
		[=Dupontia micrantha Holm]
		[=Dupontia psilosantha Rupr.]
	[Dupontia micrantha, Dupontia psilosantha  -  see Dupontia fisheri]
[N] e	Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.
	barnyard grass; Fr: échinochloa pied-de-coq.  Eurasian; intr. in wNfld.
		[=Panicum crus-galli L.]
	[XElyleymus aristatus  -  see Appendix I]
	[Elymus alaskanus subsp. alaskanus  -  see Appendix I]
[L]	Elymus alaskanus (Scribn. & Merr.) Á. Löve subsp. latiglumis (Scribn. & J.G. Smith) Á. Löve
	violet wheatgrass; Fr: élyme latiglume.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to s-cLab.; often calc.
		[=Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Lange var. latiglume Scribn. & J.G. Smith]
		[=Agropyron biflorum (Brign.) Roem. & Schult. var. latiglume (Scribn. & J.G. Smith) Piper]
		[=Agropyron boreale subsp. boreale sensu Hultén 1968, non (Turcz.) Drobov]
		[=Agropyron caninum (L.) P.Beauv. var. latiglume (Scribn. & J.G. Smith) Pease & Moore]
		[=Agropyron latiglume (Scribn. & J.G. Smith) Rydb., non Elymus latiglumis R.A. Phil.]
		[=Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex H.F Lewis var. latiglume (Scribn. & J.G. Smith) Beetle]
		[=Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Lange]
		[=Agropyron violaceum subsp. violaceum sensu Hultén 1968]
		[=Agropyron violaceum var. alboviride (Hultén) Melderis]
		[=Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Schinners subsp. latiglumis (Scribn. & J.G. Smith) Barkworth
		    & D.R. Dewey] - nom. inval.
		[=Elymus trachycaulus subsp. violaceus (Hornem.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Elymus trachycaulus var. latiglumis (Scribn. & J.G. Smith) Beetle]
		[=Roegneria latiglumis (Scribn. & Smith) Nevski 1936, non Beetle 1952]
		[=Roegneria violacea (Hornem.) Melderis]
		[=Triticum caninum L. var. violaceum (Hornem.) Laest.]
		[=Triticum violaceum Hornem. in Oeder]
		[The nomenclature of Elymus alaskanus is treated differently in nearly every database. Aiken et al. (1995+) treat Elymus alaskanus as a circumpolar, polymorphic species and do not (yet) recognize subdivisions, while other databases divide the group further.  In this checklist, we follow Kartesz (1999) for Elymus alaskanus.]
	[Elymus arenarius  -  see Leymus arenarius and Leymus mollis]
	[Elymus hystrix  -  see Appendix I]
	[Elymus lanceolatus  -  see Appendix I]
	[Elymus Xpseudorepens  -  see Appendix I]
[LN] i	Elymus repens (L.) Gould
	quackgrass, couchgrass; Fr: chiendent rampant.  Eurasian, intr. in Nfld. N to cLab. (Cartwright).
		[=Triticum repens L.]
		[=Agropyron repens (L.) P.Beauv.]
		[=Agropyron repens forma aristatum (Schumach.) Holmb.]
		[=Agropyron repens forma trichorrhachis Rohlena]
		[=Agropyron repens var. subulatum (Schreb.) Roem. & Schult. 1817, non Rchb. 1834]
		[=Agropyron repens var. subulatum forma heberachis Fernald]
		[=Agropyron repens var. subulatum forma setiferum Fernald]
		[=Agropyron repens var. subulatum (Schreb.) forma vaillantianum (Wulfén & Schreb.) Fernald]
		[=Elymus vaillantianus (Wulfén & Schreb.) K.B. Jensen]
		[=Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex B.D. Jackson 1866, non Desv. ex Nevski, 1933]
		[=Elytrigia repens var. vaillantiana (Wulfén & Schreb.) Prokudin]
		[=Triticum repens " aristatum Schumach.]
		[=Triticum subulatum Schreb. in Schweigg. & Körte]
		[=Triticum vaillantianum Wulfén & Schreb. in Schweigg. & Körte]
	Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Schinners
slender wheatgrass (subsp. subsecundus: bearded wheatgrass); Fr: agropyre à chaumes rudes, élyme à chaumes rudes.  Boreal NA, N thr. Nfld. & Lab.; often calc., serp.
[LN]	   subsp. subsecundus (Link) Á. & D. Löve
		[=Triticum subsecundum Link]
		[=Agropyron caninum (L.) P.Beauv. forma glaucum Pease & Moore]

		[=Agropyron caninum var. unilaterale (Cassidy) Vasey]
		[=Agropyron richardsonii (Schrader) Candargy]
		[=Agropyron subsecundum (Link) A.S. Hitchc.]
		[=Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex H.F. Lewis  var. glaucum (Pease & Moore) Malte] 
		[=Agropyron trachycaulum var. unilaterale (Cassidy) Malte]
		[=Agropyron unilaterale Cassidy]
		[=Elymus subsecundus (Link) Á. & D. Löve 1964, non Hoover 1966]
		[=Elymus trachycaulus subsp. glaucus (Pease & Moore) Cody]
		[=Elymus trachycaulus var. unilateralis (Cassidy) Beetle]
		[=Roegneria subsecunda (Link) Melderis]
		[=Triticum richardsonii Schrad.]
[LN]	   subsp. trachycaulus
		[=Triticum trachycaulum Link]
		[=Agropyron caninum (L.) P.Beauv. subsp. majus (Vasey) C.L. Hitchc.]
		[=Agropyron caninum var. tenerum (Vasey) Pease & Moore]
		[=Agropyron novae-angliae Scribn. in Brainerd, L.R. Jones, & Eggl.]
		[=Agropyron pauciflorum (Schwein.) A.S. Hitchc. ex Silveus]
		[=Agropyron pauciflorum subsp. majus (Vasey) Melderis]
		[=Agropyron pauciflorum subsp. novae-angliae (Scribn.) Melderis]
		[=Agropyron repens (L.) P.Beauv. var. tenerum (Vasey) Beal]
		[=Agropyron tenerum Vasey]
		[=Agropyron tenerum var. novae-angliae (Scribn.) Farw.]
		[=Agropyron trachycaulon (Link) hort. ex Steud.]
		[=Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex H.F. Lewis]
		[=Agropyron trachycaulum var. majus (Vasey) Fernald]
		[=Agropyron trachycaulum var. novae-angliae (Scribn.) Fernald]
		[=Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Lange var. major Vasey]
		[=Agropyron violaceum var. virescens Lange]
		[=Elymus novae-angliae (Scribn.) Tzvelev]
		[=Elymus pauciflorus (Schwein.) Gould, non Lam.] - hom. illeg.
		[=Elymus trachycaulus subsp. major (Vasey) Tsvelev]
		[=Elymus trachycaulus var. majus (Vasey) Beetle]
		[=Roegneria trachycaula (Link) Nevski]
		[=Triticum pauciflorum Schwein.]
	[Elymus trachycaulus subsp. latiglumis and subsp. violaceus  -  see Elymus alaskanus subsp. latiglumis]

[N]	Elymus virginicus L. var. virginicus
	Virginia wildrye, terrell grass; Fr: élyme de Virginie.  Temp. eNA; N to w/s/eNfld.; hal.
		[=Elymus carolinianus Walt.]
		[=Elymus hirsutiglumis Scribn.]
		[=Elymus virginicus var. hirsutiglumis (Scribn.) Fernald]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Elymus virginicus is known from saltmarsh species along the west and south coasts of Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Festuca altaica Trin. in Ledeb.
northern rough fescue; Fr: fétuque de l’Altaï. Alpine amphi-Beringian, eNA (disj.); w/nwNfld., wLab; calc., serp.
		[=Festuca altaica subsp. scabrella (Torr.) Hultén]
		[=Festuca altaica var. scabrella (Torr.) Breitung]
		[=Festuca scabrella Torr. in Hook.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Festuca altaica is known from serpentine and limestone barrens of w/nwNfld.; the exact identity of NF plants is questioned by some authors (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N] e	Festuca arundinacea Schreb.
	tall fescue, reed fescue; Fr: fétuque élevée.  wEurasian, nAfrican; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Festuca elatior L.] - nom. rejic.
		[=Festuca elatior subsp. arundinacea (Schreb.) „elak. 1867, non Hack. 1882]
		[=Festuca elatior var. arundinacea (Schreb.) Wimmer]
		[=Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.]
		[=Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.]
		[=Schedonorus elatior (L.) P.Beauv.]
		[Aiken & Darbyshire (1990:80) show one collection of Festuca arundinacea from St. John’s, eNfld.]
[LN]	Festuca brachyphylla Schult. ex Schult. & Schult.f. subsp. brachyphylla
alpine fescue, shortleaf fescue; Fr: fétuque à feuilles courtes.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S thr. Lab. to w/nw/cNfld.
		[=Festuca brevifolia R.Br., non Muhl.] - hom. illeg.
		[=Festuca ovina auct. non L.]
		[=Festuca ovina subsp. brevifolia (S.Watson) Hack.]
		[=Festuca ovina (var.) brachyphylla (Schult. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Piper]
		[=Festuca ovina var. brevifolia S.Watson in King] - nom. nov.
		[=Festuca supina sensu Fern 1926, non Schur]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Festuca brachyphylla is know from limestone barrens in northern and western Nfld.  Recent fieldwork (NFRPP 1999) has shown this species to be more frequent than collections indicate.  Fernald (1926) described this taxon (which he called Festuca supina Schur) as "abundant on calcareous gravels, Straits of Belle Isle." Festuca brevifolia R.Br. is considered an illeg. homonym, making Festuca ovina var. brevifolia S.Watson in King the accepted basionym. (see Festuca brevifolia in GRIN and MBG Tropicos [Poaceae] Databases).  The authority for Festuca rubra var. brachyphylla is often given as (Schult.) Hitchc.; however, Hitchcock & Chase (1951) list (Schult.) Piper as the authority.  NF reports of Festuca hyperborea refer to Festuca brachyphylla.]
[N] i	Festuca filiformis Pourret, non Lam.
	hair fescue; Fr: fétuque chevelue.  European, nAfrican; intr. in w/c/s/ne/eNfld.
		[=Festuca capillata Lam.]
		[=Festuca ovina L. var. capillata (Lam.) Mathieu 1853, non Alef. 1866, non Hack. 1882]
		[=Festuca ovina L. subsp. tenuifolia (Sibth.) „elak.]
		[=Festuca ovina var. tenuifolia (Sibth.) Roem. & Schult.]
		[=Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.]
		[In our area, sheep fescue, Festuca ovina ‘glauca,’ sold as ornamentals, actually refers to Festuca filiformis; the cultivar ‘glauca’ is also used to describe glaucous forms of Festuca trachyphylla  (Aiken et al.1996+).]

[LN]	Festuca frederikseniae E.B. Alexeev
viviparous fescue; Fr: fétuque de Frederiksen.  Arctic amphi-Atlantic; S to cLab., w/nNfld.; calc. often coastal.
		[=Festuca ovina L. var. hirsuta Lange, non Link] - hom. illeg.
		[=Festuca ovina var. vivipara auct. non L.]
		[=Festuca vivipara auct. non (L.) Smith]
		[=Festuca vivipara subsp. hirsuta (Schol. in Devold & Schol.) Frederiksen]
		[=Festuca vivipara var. hirsuta Schol. in Devold & Schol., 1933] - nom. nov.
		[Festuca frederikseniae is classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al. 1991, as Festuca vivipara subsp. hirsuta); further exploration indicates that this species is more widespread in calcareous areas of Nfld. than collections indicate (NFRPP 1999).  NF reports of Festuca vivipara are referred to Festuca frederikseniae. Festuca ovina var. hirsuta Lange, 1880, is considered an illeg. homonym, making Festuca vivipara var. hirsuta Schol. in Devold & Schold., 1933, the accepted basionym. (see Festuca ovina var. hirsuta in MBG Tropicos Database).]
	[Festuca hyperborea  -  see Festuca brachyphylla notes and Appendix I]
	[Festuca ovina  -  see Festuca brachyphylla or Festuca saximontana]
[N] i	Festuca pratensis Huds.
	meadow fescue; Fr: fétuque des prés.  Eurasian, widely intr. as a lawn cultivar in w/n/c/eNfld.
		[=Bromus pratensis (Huds.) Spreng.]
		[=Festuca elatior auct. non L.]
		[=Festuca elatior subsp. pratensis (Huds.) Hack.]
		[=Festuca elatior var. pratensis (Huds.) A. Gray]
		[=Festuca fluitans L. var. pratensis (Huds.) Huds.]
		[=Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh.]
		[=Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv.]
	[Festuca prolifera  -  see Festuca rubra subsp. rubra var. prolifera]
[LN]	Festuca rubra L. 
	   subsp. richardsonii (Hook.) Hultén
	   Richardson’s fesque; Fr: fétuque de Richardson. Arctic-alpine NA; S to w/nLab., w/nNfld.
		[=Festuca richardsonii Hook.]
		[=Festuca cryophila V.I. Krecz. & Bobrov]
		[=Festuca prolifera (Piper) Fernald var. lasiolepis Fernald]
-			 type: near Stanleyville, Bonne Bay, wNfld.
		[=Festuca rubra subsp. arctica auct. non (Hack.) Govoruchin]
		[=Festuca rubra subsp. cryophila (Krecz. & Bobr.) Hultén]
		[=Festuca rubra subsp. eu-rubra var. genuina subvar. arenaria forma arctica auct. non Hack.]
		[=Festuca rubra subsp. richardsonii var. prolifera forma lasiolepis (Fernald) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Festuca rubra var. arenaria auct. non (Osbeck) Fries]
		[=Festuca rubra var. mutica Hartm.]
		[Aiken & Darbyshire (1990) and Aiken et al. (1996+, map) report three Labrador locations for Festuca rubra subsp. richardsonii; this taxon was recently reported from Terra Nova NP, neNfld. (Brouillet et al., 1997).  Aiken et al. (1987, 1996+) consider Festuca prolifera var. lasiolepis to be more closely related to Festuca rubra subsp. richardsonii than to Festuca prolifera.]
[LN]	   subsp. rubra
   red fescue; Fr: fétuque rouge.  Holarctic (NA, Eurasia); thr. Nfld. & Lab.; often calc.
	     var. rubra
		[=Festuca duriuscula L.] - nom. ambig.
		[=Festuca glaucescens Hegeteschw. & Heer, non Roth] - nom. illeg.
		[=Festuca heteromalla Pourret]
		[=Festuca multiflora Hoffm.]
		[=Festuca nigrescens Lam.]
		[=Festuca ovina var. duriuscula (L.) W.D.J. Koch 1837, non  Schrad. 1838, non Bab. 1843]
		[=Festuca rubra (no rank) megastachya Gaudin]
		[=Festuca rubra forma glaucescens (Hartm.) Holmb.]
		[=Festuca rubra forma megastachya (Gaudin) Holmb.]
		[=Festuca rubra forma squarrosa (Fries) Holmb.]
		[=Festuca rubra subsp. juncea (Hack.) K. Richt. 1890, non Soó 1971]
		[=Festuca rubra subsp. multiflora (Hoffm.) Jirásek]
		[=Festuca rubra subvar. juncea Hack.]
.		[=Festuca rubra var. commutata Gaudin]
		[=Festuca rubra var. glaucescens Hack. 1882, non K. Richt., 1890]
		[=Festuca rubra var. juncea (Hack.) P. Fourn.]
		[=Festuca rubra var. lanuginosa Mertens & Koch]
		[=Festuca rubra var. multiflora (Hoffm.) Asch. & Graebn.]
		[=Festuca rubra var. subvillosa forma vivipara Eames] - type: Governor's Is., Bay of Is., wNfld.

		[Some varieties of Festuca rubra are believed to be native in coastal areas and inland water systems. A coastal Atlantic Canada taxon may be segregated after ongoing research is complete (Aiken et al., 1987, 1996+). Some European varieties, most notably Festuca rubra var. commutata (Chewings fescue), have been introduced as turf or lawn grass cultivars.  The combinations Festuca rubra var. juncea and subsp. juncea have both been attributed to K. Richt., however, the MBG Poaceae Database gives an 1890 reference only for the subsp. juncea combination.  A check of the original publication may be necessary to clarify which combination Richter actually intended.  Concerning Festuca duriuscula L., the type has been shown to belong to the Festuca rubra group.]
	     var. prolifera (Piper) Piper in B.L. Robinson
		[=Festuca rubra (subsp.) prolifera Piper]
		[=Festuca prolifera (Piper) Fernald]
		[=Festuca rubra var. mutica Hartm. forma prolifera (Piper) Hyl.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Festuca prolifera), Festuca rubra var. prolifera is considered by Aiken et al. (1987) to be a vegetatively proliferating form of Festuca rubra, while Festuca prolifera var. lasiolepis appears more closely related to Festuca rubra subsp. richardsonii.] 
[LN]	Festuca saximontana Rydb. subsp. saximontana
Rocky Mountain fescue; Fr: fétuque des Rocheuses.  Mainly boreal-alpine wNA, disj. in Great Lakes region, eNA; disj. in w/neNfld., nLab.; calc.
		[=Festuca brachyphylla Schult. ex Schult. & Schult.f. subsp. saximontana (Rydb.) Hultén]
		[=Festuca brachyphylla var. rydbergii (St-Yves) Cronquist]
		[=Festuca canadensis E.B. Alexeev]
		[=Festuca ovina L. subsp. saximontana (Rydb.) St-Yves]
		[=Festuca ovina subsp. saximontana var. rydbergii St-Yves]
		[=Festuca ovina var. saximontana (Rydb.) Gleason]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Festuca saximontana is found in dry  limestone habitats of w/nwNfld. and the Twillingate area (Bouchard et al., 1991).  In Labrador, Festuca saximontana is reported from only one location: W of Hebron, near the Que. border (Aiken & Darbyshire 1990; map p. 91).]
	[Festuca scabrella  -  see Festuca altaica]
	[Festuca tenuifolia  -  see Festuca filiformis]
	[Festuca trachyphylla  -  see Appendix I]
	[Festuca vivipara  -  see Festuca frederikseniae and Appendix I]
[LN]	Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batch.
	northern mannagrass,  small floating mannagrass; Fr: glycérie boréale.  Boreal NA; w/c/s/eNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Panicularia borealis Nash]
[L?N]	Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin.
	rattlesnake mannagrass; Fr: glycérie du Canada.  Temp. eNA; N thr. Nfld., ?Lab.
		[=Briza canadensis Michx.]
		[=Panicularia canadensis (Michx.) Kuntze]
		[Labrador reports (Rouleau 1978) of Glyceria canadensis require confirmation.]
[N] i	Glyceria fluitans (L.) R.Br.
	floating mannagrass, floatgrass; Fr: glycérie flottante.  European; intr. in w/s/eNfld.
		[=Festuca fluitans L.]
		[=Panicularia fluitans (L.) Kuntze]
[N]	Glyceria grandis S.Watson ex A. Gray
	tall mannagrass; Fr: glycérie géante.  nTemp.-Boreal NA; N to w/ne/sNfld.
		[=Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb. subsp. grandis (S.Watson ex A. Gray) Hultén]
		[=Glyceria maxima var. americana (Torr.) B. Boivin]
		[=Panicularia americana (Torr.) MacMillan]
		[=Panicularia grandis (S.Watson ex A. Gray) Nash]
		[=Poa aquatica L. var. americana Torr.]
[N] i	Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb.
	rough mannagrass; Fr: glycérie aquatique.  wEurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Molinia maxima Hartm.]
		[=Glyceria aquatica (L.) Wahlenb., non (L.) J. & C. Presl]
		[=Glyceria spectabilis Mertens & Koch]
		[=Poa aquatica L.]
	Glyceria striata (Lam.) A.S. Hitchc.
	fowl mannagrass, nerved mannagrass; Fr: glycérie striée.  Temp.-Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to n-cLab.
[N]	     var. striata
		[=Poa striata Lam.]

		[=Poa nervata Willd.]
		[=Glyceria nervata (Willd.) Trin.]
		[=Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze]
[LN]	     var. stricta (Scribn.) Fernald
		[=Glyceria nervata (Willd.) Trin. stricta Scribn.]
	Hierochloë alpina (Swartz) Roem. & Schult.
	alpine sweetgrass; Fr: hiérochloé alpine.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.); S thr. Lab. &  Nfld.; acid.
[L]	   subsp. alpina
		[=Holcus alpinus Swartz ex Willd.]
		[=Savastana alpina (Swartz ex Willd.) Scribn.]
[LN]	   subsp. orthantha (T. Sørensen) G. Weimarck
		[=Hierochloë alpina var. orthantha (T. Sørensen) Hultén]
		[=Hierochloë orthantha T. Sørensen]
		[Labrador reports (Rouleau 1978) of Hierochloë pauciflora are referred to Hierochloë alpina subsp. orthantha.]
[LN]	Hierochloë odorata (L.) P.Beauv.
sweetgrass, vanilla grass; Fr: foin d’odeur hiérochloé odorante.  Circumboreal; w/n/c/sNfld., N thr. Lab.
		[=Holcus odoratus L.] 
		[=Hierochloë borealis (Schrad.) Roem. & Schult.]
		[=Hierochloë fragrans (Willd.) Roem. & Schult.]
		[=Hierochloë odorata Wahlenb. var. fragrans (Willd.) K. Richt.]
		[=Holcus borealis Schrad.]
		[=Holcus fragrans Willd.]
		[=Savastana odorata (L.) Scribn.]
		[=Torresia odorata (L.) A.S. Hitchc.]
	[Hierochloë orthantha  -  see Hierochloë alpina subsp. orthantha]
	[Hierochloe pauciflora  -  see Hierochloë alpina subsp. orthantha notes and Appendix I]
[N] e	Holcus lanatus L.
	common velvetgrass, Yorkshire fog; Fr: houlque laineuse.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Nothoholcus lanatus (L.) Nash]
		[Scoggan (1978) reports a collection of Holcus lanatus from the Whitbourne area, eNfld.]
[N] e	Holcus mollis L.
	creeping velvetgrass; Fr: houlque molle.  European; intr. in wNfld.
		[Collected at Humber Canal, Deer Lk, Jul. 28, 1970, I.J. Greene: SWGC, verified by S. Hay, 1997.]

[LN]	Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski subsp. brachyantherum
	meadow barley; Fr: orge des prés.  Boreal cordilleran, eAsia; disj. in nwNfld., sLab.; hal.
		[=Critesion brachyantherum (Nevski) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey]
		[=Hordeum boreale Scribn. & J.G. Smith, non Gand.] - nom. illeg.
		[=Hordeum jubatum L. subsp. breviaristatum Bowden]
		[=Hordeum nodosum auct. non L.] - nom. confus.
		[=Hordeum secalinum sensu Rouleau 1978, non Schreb.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Hordeum brachyantherum is found on gravelly beaches in coastal areas of nwNfld. and sLab. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Hordeum jubatum L. subsp. jubatum
	foxtail barley,  squirreltail grass; Fr: orge queue-d’écureuil.  Boreal NA, eAsia; w/nw/cNfld., N to cLab.; hal.
		[=Critesion jubatum (L.) Nevski]
		[=Sitanion jubatum (L.) J.G. Smith]
		[Hordeum jubatum, a native halophile of coastal areas, is introduced inland along salted roads.]
	[Hordeum secalinum  -  see Hordeum brachyantherum]
[N] e	Hordeum vulgare L.
	barley; Fr: orge vulgaire.  Eurasian; occasionally escaped from cultivation, but not persistent.
[L] e	Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult.
	Junegrass; Fr: koelérie à crêtes.  Temp.-Trop. NA, Eurasia; intr. in cLab.
		[=Aira macrantha Ledeb.]
		[=Koeleria cristata auct. non (L.) Pers.]
		[=Koeleria gracilis Pers.]
		[Scoggan (1978) reports a specimen of Koeleria (cristata) macrantha from Goose Bay, cLab. (CAN).]
	[Leersia oryzoides, Leersia virginica  -  see Appendix I]
[N] i	Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst.
	European dunegrass, lymegrass; Fr: élyme des sables d’Europe.  European; intr. in neNfld.
		[=Elymus arenarius L.]
		[Bowden (1957) reports an introduction of Leymus (Elymus) arenarius at Alexander Bay, neNfld., but does not indicate whether it was a deliberate planting or an introduction from discarded ballast.]
[LN]	Leymus mollis (Trin.) Pilger subsp. mollis
strand wheat, American dunegrass; Fr: élyme des sables d’Amérique, seigle de mer.  Coastal NA, eAsia; thr. coastal Nfld. & Lab.; hal.
		[=Elymus mollis Trin. in Spreng., non R.Br.]
		[=Elymus arenarius L. subsp. mollis (Trin.) Hultén]
		[=Elymus arenarius $ (var.) villosus E. Meyer]
		[=Elymus arenarius var. mollis (Trin.) Koidz.]
		[=Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst. subsp. mollis (Trin.) Tzvelev]
		[=Leymus mollis (Trin.) H. Hara] - nom. inval.
		[Most NF reports of the European Leymus (Elymus) arenarius refer to Leymus mollis.]
	[Lolium arundinaceum  -  see Festuca arundinacea]
	[Lolium multiflorum  -  see Lolium perenne]
	Lolium perenne L. 
[NL] i	   subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot
	   Italian ryegrass, awned ryegrass; Fr: ivraie multiflore, ray-grass d’Italie.  European; intr. in w/c/s/eNfld.,
	    seLab.
		[=Lolium multiflorum Lam.]
		[=Lolium italicum A. Braun]
		[=Lolium multiflorum var. diminutum Mutel]
		[=Lolium perenne var. italicum (A. Braun) Parnell]
		[Lolium perenne subsp. multiflorum, as Lolium multiflorum var. diminutum, is reported from Glenwood, cNfld., 1894  (GH, CAN) in Scoggan (1978).  Lolium perenne subsp. multiflorum has recently been reported from Red Bay, seLab, by the NFRPP 1999 (NDC #99-580).]
[N] i	   subsp. perenne
	   perennial ryegrass, common darnel; Fr: ivraie vivace.  Eurasian; intr. in ne/eNfld.
		[Specimens identified as Lolium perenne subsp. perenne have been reported from St. John's (NFM 486) and Clarke's Beach (NFM 2632), eNfld., and Bonavista Bay, neNfld. (Scoggan 1978).]
	[Lolium pratense  -  see Festuca pratensis]
[N] e	Lolium remotum Schrank
	ryegrass; Fr: ivraie du lin.  Eurasian; intr. in wNfld.
[N] e	Lolium temulentum L.
	poison darnel, bearded darnel; Fr: ivraie enivrante.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
[N]	Milium effusum L. var. cisatlanticum Fernald
	wood millet; Fr: millet diffus.  nTemp. eNA; N to w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Milium effusum var. cisatlanticum is found in forested calcareous areas of western Nfld. and the Great Northern Peninsula. Labrador reports of Milium effusum are unvalidated.]
	[Molinia caerulea  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Muhlenbergia glomerata (Willd.) Trin.
	spiked muhly, satin grass; Fr: muhlenbergie agglomérée.  Boreal NA, N to w/nw/c/sNfld.
		[=Polypogon glomeratus Willd.]
		[=Muhlenbergia glomerata var. cinnoides (Link) F.J. Hermann]
		[=Muhlenbergia racemosa auct. non (Michx.) B.S.P.]
		[=Muhlenbergia racemosa var. cinnoides (Link) B. Boivin]
		[=Dactylorgramma cinnoides Link]
[LN]	Muhlenbergia uniflora (Muhl.) Fernald
	bog muhly, lateflowering dropseed; Fr: muhlenbergie uniflore.  Boreal eNA; N to w/c/s/eNfld.
		[=Poa uniflora Muhl.]
		[=Muhlenbergia uniflora var. terrae-novae Fernald] - type: St. John's, eNfld.
		[=Sporobolus uniflorus (Muhl.) Muhl. in Scribn. & Merr.]
[N] i	Nardus stricta L.
	moor matgrass; Fr: nard raide.  European; intr. in se/eNfld.
[N]	Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx.
whitegrain mountainrice; Fr: oryzopsis à feuilles rudes. Temp.-Boreal NA; N to w/nw/cNfld.; often calc., serp.
		[=Oryzopsis leucosperma Link ex Walp.]
		[=Urachne asperifolia (Michx.) Trin.]
	[Oryzopsis canadensis, Oryzopsis pungens  -  see Piptatherum canadense]
	[Panicum boreale  -  see Dichanthelium boreale]
	[Panicum lanuginosum  -  see Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum]
[N] e	Panicum miliaceum L.
	millet; Fr: millet commun.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[First verified Nfld. report of Panicum miliaceum is from St. John's, eNfld., J.E. Maunder, 1967; this is another grass species often found in birdseed, and thus pops up occasionally where birds are fed.]
[N] e	Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.
	pearl millet, yellow foxtail; Fr: sétaire glauque.  Temp. Eurasian; intr. in wNfld.
		[=Panicum glaucum L.]
		[=Panicum lutescens Weigel]
		[=Chaetochloa glauca (L.) Scribn.]
		[=Chaetochloa lutescens (Weigel) Stuntz]
		[=Setaria glauca (L.) P.Beauv.]
		[=Setaria lutescens (Weigel) F.T. Hubbard]
		[Pennisetum glaucum has been reported from only 1 site in wNfld.; also from St. Pierre & Miquelon.]
[N] 	Phalaris arundinacea L.
	reed canarygrass; Fr: alpiste roseau.  Circumboreal; N to w/n/c/eNfld.
		[=Phalaris arundinacea forma variegata (Parnell) Druce]
		[=Phalaris arundinacea var. variegata Parnell]
		[Phalaris arundinacea forma variegata, is an ornamental form with white-striped leaves known as ribbongrass.]
[N] i	Phalaris canariensis L.
	canarygrass, birdseed grass; Fr: alpiste des Canaries.  European; intr. in wNfld.
		[Collected by I.J. Green from Deer Lake: SWGC (H. Mann, pers. comm. 1999) and recently by M. Rose in GMNP dump. (pers. comm. 1999). Phalaris canariensis, a component of commercial birdseed, can be expected in urban areas of Nfld., but its persistence is unknown.]
[L]	Phippsia algida (Soland.) R.Br.
	icegrass; Fr: phippsie froide.  Arctic circumpolar; S to cLab.
		[=Agrostis algida Soland. in C.J. Phipps]
		[=Catabrosa algida (Soland.) Fries]
		[Nfld. reports of Phippsia algida (Day 1983) are referred to Catabrosa aquatica.]
[LN]	Phleum alpinum L.
alpine timothy; Fr: fléole alpine. Arctic-alpine NA, Eurasia (disj.); nLab., S to w/nwNfld.; often calc.; snowbeds.
		[=Phleum alpinum subsp. commutatum (Gaudin) K. Richt. 1890, non Malagarriga 1973] 
		[=Phleum alpinum var. americanum E. Fourn.]
		[=Phleum alpinum var. commutatum (Gaudin) Griseb.]
		[=Phleum commutatum Gaudin]
		[=Phleum commutatum var. americanum (E. Fourn.) Hultén]
		[=Phleum pratense subsp. alpinum (L.) „elak. 1867, non Asch. & Graebn. 1899]
		[=Phleum pratense var. alpinum (L.) Schreb. 1769, non „elak. 1869]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Phleum alpinum is an alpine species found mainly in snowbeds on the Long Range Mts., (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN] i	Phleum pratense L.
	common timothy; Fr: fléole des prés.  European; intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Phleum nodosum L.]
		[=Phleum nodosum var. pratense (L.) St.-Amans]
		[=Phleum pratense var. nodosum (L.) Huds.]
[N] i	Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
	common reed; Fr: phragmite commun.  Temp. NA, Cosmopolitan; intr. in wNfld.
		[=Arundo australis Cav.]
		[=Arundo phragmites L.]
		[=Phragmites communis Trin.]
		[=Phragmites phragmites (L.) Karst.]
[LN]	Piptatherum canadense (Poir.) Barkworth
	Canada mountainrice; Fr: oryzopsis du Canada.  Boreal NA; w/sw/cNfld., N to swLab. (Lk. Ashuanipi); acid.
		[=Stipa canadensis Poir.]
		[=Oryzopsis canadensis (Poir.) Torr.]
		[=Oryzopsis pungens sensu Fernald 1933, non (Torr. ex Spreng.) A.S. Hitchc.]
		[=Urachne canadensis (Poir.) Torr.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Piptatherum canadensis is found on talus and rocky shores of acidic bedrock (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Oryzopsis canadensis).  NF reports of Piptatherum pungens refer to Piptatherum canadensis.  Rousseau (1974) reports Piptatherum (Oryzopsis) pungens from wLabrador, but this report likely refers to Piptatherum canadense also.]
	[Piptatherum pungens  -  see Appendix I]
[L]	Pleuropogon sabinii R.Br.
	Sabine's semaphore grass; Fr: pleuropogon de Sabine.  Arctic amphi-Atlantic; S to nLab.
		[The specific epithet is often spelled 'sabinei,' but the original spelling by Brown is 'sabinii,' which Aiken et al. (1998) state was probably a deliberate latinization of the name Sabine, the arctic explorer for whom this species is named.]
	[Poa abbreviata  -  see Appendix I]
	[Poa alpigena  -  see  Poa pratensis subsp. alpigena]
[LN]	Poa alpina L.
	alpine bluegrass; Fr: pâturin alpin.  Arctic-alpine NA, Europe; S thr. Lab. to w/n/s/eNfld.; snowbeds, often calc.
		[=Poa alpina subsp. insularis (Parl.) Hayek]
		[=Poa alpina var. bivonae (Parl. ex Guss.) H. St. John]
		[=Poa alpina var. brevifolia Gaudin]
		[=Poa alpina var. frigida (Gaudin) Rchb.]
		[=Poa alpina var. vivipara L.]
		[=Poa bivonae Parl. ex Guss.]
		[=Poa frigida Gaudin]
		[=Poa insularis Parl.]
		[=Poa pratensis L. var. alpina (L.) Huds.]
	[Poa alsodes  -  see Appendix I]
	[Poa angustifolia  -  see Poa pratensis]
[LN] i	Poa annua L.
	annual bluegrass; Fr: pâturin annuel.  Temp.-Boreal NA, Eurasia; a weedy species, intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Poa annua var. reptans Hausskn.]
[LN]	Poa arctica R.Br. subsp. arctica

	Arctic bluegrass; Fr: pâturin arctique.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S thr. Lab. to nwNfld.
		[=Poa cenisia All. var. arctica (R.Br.) K. Richt.]
		[=Poa flexuosa Wahlenb., non Smith]
		[=Poa longipila Nash]
		[=Poa stricta Lindeb., non D. Don]
		[Known from limestone barrens and wet quartzite sites in nwNfld., Poa arctica was classified as historically present (SH) in Bouchard et al. (1991); it was relocated at L'Anse aux Meadows in 1992  by Bouchard, Hay, & Brouillet (MT); its scarcity status will be reevaluated.]
[LN] i	Poa compressa L.
	Canada bluegrass, wiregrass; Fr: pâturin comprimé.  European; a weedy species intr. in w/nw/c/eNfld., cLab.
[LN]	Poa eminens J. Presl in C. Presl
	largeflower bluegrass; Fr: pâturin superbe.  Coastal amphi-Beringian disj., coastal Lab., S to w/nwNfld.; hal.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Poa eminens is known from sea strands and sea cliffs along the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Poa fernaldiana  -  see Poa laxa subsp. fernaldiana]
	[Poa flexuosa Smith  -  see Poa laxa]
[L]	Poa Xgaspensis Fernald (pro. sp.) (alpina x pratensis subsp. alpigena)
	Gaspé bluegrass; Fr: pâturin de Gaspénsie.  Boreal eCanada; disj. in nLab (Mugford Tickle).
[LN]	Poa glauca M.Vahl
	glaucous bluegrass; Fr: pâturin glauque.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S thr. Lab. to w/n/cNfld.; calc.
		[=Poa conferta Blytt]
		[=Poa glauca subsp. glaucantha (Gaudin) Lindm.]
		[=Poa glauca subsp. conferta (Blytt) Lindm.]
		[=Poa glauca subsp. rupicola (Nash) W.A.Weber]
		[=Poa glaucantha Gaudin]
		[=Poa rupicola Nash]
		[Soreng (1991: 399) notes that all reported specimens of Poa laxa from the high arctic and northern Labrador, except for a few immature specimens from Port Burwell and Wakeham Bay (that could not be identified with certainty), are referable to Poa glauca.]
	[Poa hispidula  -  see Appendix I, Poa macrocalyx]
	[Poa intermedia  -  see Poa pratensis]
	[Poa labradorica  -  see XDupoa labradorica]
	[Poa languida  -  see Poa saltuensis]

[LN]	Poa laxa Haenke, non Lam. subsp. fernaldiana (Nannf.) Hyl.
	Fernald’s poa; Fr: pâturin de Fernald.  Arctic-alpine eNA; sLab. (L’Anse au Clair), S to w/nwNfld.
		[=Poa fernaldiana Nannf.]
		[=Poa flexuosa Smith subsp. fernaldiana (Nannf.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Poa laxa subsp. fernaldiana is restricted to a few alpine quartzite sites on the Great Northern Peninsula and sLab.; reports from eastern Nfld. are doubtful (Bouchard et al. 1991).  Soreng (1991: 399) notes that all reported specimens of Poa laxa from Nfld. and  sLabrador are referable to Poa laxa subsp. fernaldiana.]
	[Poa laxa subsp. flexuosa  -  see Poa laxa subsp. fernaldiana notes and Appendix I]
	[Poa macrocalyx   -  see Appendix I]
[LN] 	Poa nemoralis L. subsp. nemoralis
	wood bluegrass; Fr: pâturin des bois.  Circumboreal; w/nw/c/eNfld., N to cLab.
		[A collection of Poa nemoralis from Ramah (GH) may be erroneous (Scoggan 1978).]
[LN]	Poa palustris L.
fowl bluegrass, fowl meadowgrass; Fr: pâturin palustre.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to sLab. (Cartwright).
		[=Poa crocata Michx.]
		[=Poa serotina Ehrh. ex Schrad.] - nom. nud.
		[=Poa triflora Gilib.]
	Poa pratensis L.

	Kentucky bluegrass; Fr: pâturin des prés.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar-boreal; S thr. Lab. & Nfld.
[LN]	   subsp. alpigena (Fries ex Blytt) Hiitonen
		[=Poa alpigena (Fries ex Blytt) Lindm. f.]
		[=Poa pratensis var. alpigena Fries ex Blytt]
[LN]	   subsp. irrigata Lindb. f. - nom. nov. (replaces Poa irrigata Lindm. as the basionym)
		[=Poa irrigata Lindm.] - nom. illeg.
		[=Poa pratensis subsp. subcaerulea (Smith) Hiitonen]
		[=Poa subcaerulea Smith]
[LN] i	   subsp. pratensis:  Eurasian; widely introduced.
		[=Poa angustifolia L.]
		[=Poa intermedia Steud., non Koeler] - hom. illeg.
		[=Poa pratensis subsp. angustifolia (L.) Lej. 1825, non Arcang. 1882, non Lindb.f. ?1916]
		[=Poa pratensis var. angustifolia (L.) Smith 1800, non Gaudin 1811]
[N]	Poa saltuensis Fernald & Wiegand
	forest bluegrass, weak meadowgrass; Fr: pâturin sylvestre, pâturin faible.  nTemp. eNA; N to w/cNfld.
		[=Poa debilis Torr., non Thuill.] - hom. illeg.
		[=Poa languida A.S. Hitchc.]
		[=Poa saltuensis var. microlepis Fernald & Wiegand] - type: Glenwood, cNfld.
		[Var. microlepis was erroneously listed as var. macrolepis in Rouleau (1978).]
	[Poa subcaerulea  -  see Poa pratensis subsp. irrigata]
[N] i	Poa trivialis L.
	rough bluegrass; Fr: pâturin rude.  Eurasian; intr. in w/n/eNfld.
		[=Poa trivialis var. filiculmis Scribn.]
		[Fernald (1933:136) considered Poa trivialis to be native in some areas of Nfld. and introduced in other areas. Labrador reports of Poa trivialis are unvalidated.]
NOTE: The genus Puccinellia is still undergoing revision; this treatment follows Canadian treatments (Aiken et al.), but will likely change as revisions to the nomenclature become available.
[N]	Puccinellia ambigua T. Sørensen
ambiguous alkali-grass; Fr: puccinellie trompeuse.  Endemic of Hudson-James Bay & Gulf of St. Lawrence, N to w/nwNfld.; hal.
		[=Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. forma ambigua (T. Sørensen) B. Boivin]
		[=Puccinellia paupercula (Holm) Fernald & Weath., p.p.]
		[Considered very rare in Nfld., Puccinellia ambigua is known from three locations (Hay et al., 1990:289; Bouchard et al. 1991) on the west coast of Nfld.  Puccinellia ambigua may represent a variant of Puccinellia pumila (J. Davis, in Bouchard et al. 1991).]
	[Puccinellia angustata  -  see Appendix I]
	[Puccinellia coarctata  -  see Puccinellia distans subsp. borealis]
[LN]	Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. subsp. borealis (Holmb.) W.E. Hughes
weeping alkali-grass; Fr: puccinellie boréale.  Coastal amphi-Atlantic; n/se/eNfld., N to nLab. (Eclipse Harbour); hal., calc.
		[=Puccinellia retroflexa (W. Curtis) Holmb. subsp. borealis Holmb.]
		[=Phippsia sibirica (Holmb.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Puccinellia coarctata Fernald & Weath.] - type: Notre Dame Bay, Nfld.
		[=Puccinellia sibirica Holmb.]
		[Nfld. reports of the European Puccinellia distans subsp. distans refer to St. Pierre & Miquelon collections.  Labrador reports likely refer to P. distans var. borealis.]
	[Puccinellia distans subsp. distans  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Puccinellia langeana (Berlin) T. Sørensen 1950, non Tzvelev 1954 subsp. langeana
	Lange’s alkali-grass; Fr: puccinellie de Lange.  Coastal arctic NA; sLab., S thr. coastal Nfld.; hal.
		[=Glyceria langeana Berlin]
		[=Atropis paupercula (Holm) Steffen 1928, non V.I. Krecz. 1934]
		[=Glyceria paupercula Holm] 
		[=Phippsia langeana (Berlin) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Puccinellia langeana subsp. typica T. Sørensen] - nom. inval.
		[=Puccinellia paupercula (Holm) Fernald & Weath., p.p.]
		[=Puccinellia tenella (Lange) Holmb. ex Porsild subsp. langeana (Berlin) Tzvelev]
		[Scoggan (1978) states that Puccinellia langeana is the true Glyceria paupercula Holm.]
[L?]	Puccinellia lucida Fernald & Weath.
	shining alkali-grass; Fr: puccinellie brillante.  Coastal arctic eNA; hal.
		[Labrador report (Rouleau 1956) of Puccinellia lucida requires confirmation (Scoggan 1978).]
	[Puccinellia maritima  -  see Appendix I]
	[Puccinellia paupercula  -  see Puccinellia langeana, Puccinellia pumila]
[L]	Puccinellia Xphryganodes (Trin.) Scribn. & Merr. (pro.sp.)
creeping alkali-grass; Fr: puccinellie rampante.  Coastal arctic circumpolar; n-most Lab., disj. in sLab.; hal.
		[=Poa phryganodes Trin.]
		[=Atropis phryganodes (Trin.) Steffen 1928, non V.I. Krecz. 1934]
		[=Phippsia phryganodes (Trin.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[Bowden (1961) considers Puccinellia Xphryganodes to be a sterile, triploid hybrid of unknown parentage. (Aiken 1995+).]
[LN]	Puccinellia pumila (Vasey) A.S. Hitchc.
	dwarf alkali-grass; Fr: puccinellie naine. Coastal arctic NA (disj.), eAsia; S thr. coastal Lab. & Nfld.; hal.
		[=Glyceria pumila Vasey]
		[=Atropis alaskana (Scribn. & Merr.) V.I. Krecz.]
		[=Phippsia langeana (Berlin) T. Sørensen subsp. alaskana (Scribn. & Merr.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Puccinellia alaskana Scribn. & Merr.]
		[=Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. var. minor (S.Watson) B. Boivin]
		[=Puccinellia kurilensis auct. non (Takeda) Honda p.p.]
		[=Puccinellia langeana subsp. alaskana (Scribn. & Merr.) T. Sørensen]
		[=Puccinellia longiglumis (Fernald & Weath.) Raymond ex Bowden]
		[=Puccinellia maritima (Huds.) Parl. var. minor S.Watson in A. Gray]
-			 type: Salmon Bay, "Labrador," actually Saguenay Co., eQue.
		[=Puccinellia paupercula (Holm) Fernald & Wiegand var. alaskana (Scribn. & Merr.) Fernald & Weath.]
		[=Puccinellia paupercula var. longiglumis Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Puccinellia tenella (Lange) Holmb. ex Porsild subsp. alaskana (Scribn. & Merr.) Tzvelev]
[Some sources describe Puccinellia pumila as a coastal Beringian species, but Aiken et al. (1996+) take a broader view, extending the range of Puccinella pumila across NA.  Puccinellia ambigua, described as an endemic of Hudson & James Bays and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, is considered by J. Davis to be a possible variant of P. pumila (Hays et al., 1990). Also, Scoggan (1978) states that Puccinellia ambigua includes the type of Puccinellia alaskana, here included in P. pumila.]
	[Puccinellia tenella  -  see Puccinellia langeana, Puccinellia pumila, and Appendix I]
[L]	Puccinellia vaginata (Lange) Fernald & Weath.
	tussock alkali-grass; Fr: puccinellie engaînée. Coastal arctic NA & eAsia; S to nLab. (Hebron); hal.
		[=Glyceria vaginata Lange in Oeder]
		[=Phippsia vaginata (Lange) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Puccinellia vaginata var. elegans T. Sørensen]
		[=Puccinellia vaginata var. paradoxa T. Sørensen]
[L]	Puccinellia vahliana (Liebm.) Scribn. & Merr. 1910, non Tolm. 1931
Vahl’s alkali-grass; Fr: puccinellie de Vahl. Arctic-alpine, circumpolar (disj.); S to n-most Lab.; alpine streambanks, snowbeds.
		[=Poa vahliana Liebm. in Oeder]
		[=Colpodium vahlianum (Liebm.) Nevski in Komarov]
		[=Glyceria vahliana (Liebm.) Th. Fries]
		[=Phippsia vahliana (Liebm.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[In Labrador, Puccinellia vahliana is known only from Port Burwell, nLab., 60°25'N (Scoggan 1978).]
[LN]	Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen subsp. purpurascens

	purple false melic; Fr: schizachné pourpré.  Boreal NA, eAsia; w/n/cNfld. N to nLab. (Hebron River).
		[=Trisetum purpurascens Torr.]
		[=Avena striata Michx., non Lam.]
		[=Melica purpurascens (Torr.) A.S. Hitchc.]
		[=Melica striata (Michx.) A.S. Hitchc.]
		[=Schizachne striata (Michx.) Hultén]
		[=Schizachne komarovii Roshev. in Komarov]
[N] e	Secale cereale L.
	rye; Fr: seigle cultivé.  Eurasian; occasionally escaped in Nfld.
		[Secale cereale is reported as an escape in all provinces (Scoggan 1978), but does not establish.]
	[Setaria glauca  -  see Pennisetum glaucum]
[N] i	Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv. var. viridis
	green foxtail; Fr: sétaire verte.  European; intr. in s/eNfld.
		[=Panicum viride L.]
		[=Pennisetum viride (L.) R.Br.]
		[=Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn.]
		[=Setaria viridis var. weinmannii (Roem. & Schult.) Borbás 1878, non Brand 1878]
		[=Setaria weinmannii Roem. & Schult.]
	[Sieglingia decumbens  -  see Danthonia decumbens]
[N]	Spartina alterniflora Loisel.
	saltwater cordgrass, smooth cordgrass; Fr: spartine alterniflore.  Coastal  eNA; N to coastal w/nNfld.
		[=Spartina glabra Muhl. ex Elliott var. alterniflora (Loisel.) Merr.]
		[=Spartina alterniflora var. glabra (Muhl. ex Elliott) Fernald]
		[=Spartina stricta (Aiton) Roth var. alterniflora (Loisel.) A. Gray]
		[A saltmarsh species, Spartina alterniflora is classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al. 1991).]
[N]	Spartina patens (Aiton) Muhl.
	saltmeadow grass, highwater grass; Fr: spartine étalée.  Coastal eNA; N to sw/neNfld.
		[=Dactylis patens Aiton]
		[Another saltmarsh grass, Spartina patens is considered very rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al. 1991).]
[N]	Spartina pectinata Link
freshwater cordgrass, sloughgrass; Fr: spartine pectinée.   Mainly eNA; thr. coastal Nfld. (except nw) and along the Exploits River near Grand Falls.
		[=Spartina michauxii A.S. Hitchc.]
	[Sphenopholis intermedia  -  see Sphenopholis obtusata var. major]
[N]	Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. var. major (Torr.) K.S. Erdman
	slender wedgescale, early bunchgrass; Fr: sphénopholis intermédiaire.  Boreal NA; N to wNfld.; calc.
		[=Eatonia intermedia Rydb.]
		[=Koeleria truncata (Muhl.) Torr. var. major Torr.]
		[=Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb.]
		[=Sphenopholis pallens var. major (Torr.) Scribn. non S. Xpallens (Biehler) Scribn.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Sphenopholis intermedia is known from limestone cliffs and talus slopes in wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) Church subsp. pallida
	     var. fernaldii (A.S. Hitchc.) Dore ex Koyama & Kawano
	     Fernald’s false mannagrass; Fr: glycérie de Fernald.  Boreal eNA; w/c/eNfld., N to nLab.
		[=Glyceria pallida (Torr.) Trin. var. fernaldii A.S. Hitchc.]
		[=Glyceria fernaldii (A.S. Hitchc.) H. St. John]
		[=Puccinellia fernaldii (A.S. Hitchc.) E.G. Voss]
		[=Torreyochloa fernaldii (A.S. Hitchc.) Church]
	[Torreyochloa pallida subsp. pallida var. pallida  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Trisetum melicoides (Michx.) Vasey ex Scribn.
	purple false oats; Fr: trisète fausse-mélique.  sBoreal eNA; N to w/nw/cNfld.; calc.
		[=Aira melicoides Michx.]

		[=Glyceria melicaria (Michx.) F.T. Hubbard]
		[=Graphephorum melicoideum (Michx.) Desv. 1810, non P.Beauv. 1812]
		[=Graphephorum melicoideum var. majus A. Gray]
		[=Trisetum melicoides var. majus (A. Gray) A.S. Hitchc.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Trisetum melicoides is found along riverbanks and in moist thickets, (Bouchard et al. 1991).]
[LN]	Trisetum spicatum (L.) K. Richt.
	narrow false oats; Fr: trisète à épi.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to sLab, w/s/eNfld.
		[=Aira spicata L.]
		[=Aira subspicata L.]
		[=Avena mollis Michx.] - nom. illeg.
		[=Melica triflora Bigelow]
		[=Trisetum labradoricum Steud.] - type: Labrador (unspecified location)
		[=Trisetum maidenii Gand.]
		[=Trisetum molle (Michx.) Kunth] - nom. nov., replaces Avena mollis Michx.
		[=Trisetum spicatum subsp. molle (Kunth) Hultén]
		[=Trisetum spicatum var. maidenii (Gand.) Fernald]
		[=Trisetum spicatum var. molle (Kunth) Beal]
		[=Trisetum spicatum var. pilosiglume Fernald] - type: Notre Dame Bay, Nfld.
		[=Trisetum subspicatum (L.) P.Beauv.]
		[=Trisetum triflorum (Bigelow) Á. & D. Löve]
[N] e	Triticum aestivum L.
	wheat, Fr: blé commun.  Eurasian; intr. in nw/eNfld.
[LN]	Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Fries ex Hartm. var. atropurpurea
	mountain hairgrass; Fr: deschampsie pourpre.  Boreal amphi-Atlantic; nNfld., N thr. Lab.; snowbeds.
		[=Aira atropurpurea Wahlenb.]
		[=Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Scheele]
		[Considered very rare in Nfld., Vahlodea atropurpurea is an alpine grass found in snowbeds on the Long Range Mts.; it may be undercollected (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Zizania aquatica  -  see Appendix II]

Potamogetonaceae  Pondweed Family  (including Zannichelliaceae)  
[LN]	Potamogeton alpinus Balbis
alpine pondweed, northern pondweed; Fr: potamot alpin. Circumboreal; w/nw/c/eNfld., N to nLab.; aq.
		[=Potamogeton alpinus subsp. tenuifolius (Raf.) Hultén]
		[=Potamogeton alpinus var. subellipticus (Fernald) Ogden]
		[=Potamogeton alpinus var. tenuifolius (Raf.) Ogden]
		[=Potamogeton tenuifolius Raf.]
		[=Potamogeton tenuifolius var. subellipticus Fernald]
		[FNA vol. 22 shows the range of Potamogeton alpinus in Labrador as primarily inland.]
[N]	Potamogeton amplifolius Tuckerman
	broadleaf pondweed; Fr: potamot à grandes feuilles.  nTemp.-Boreal NA; w/eNfld.; aq.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Potamogeton amplifolius is known from ponds in western Nfld. and the Avalon Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Potamogeton berchtoldii  -  see Potamogeton pusillus subsp. tenuissimus]
[LN]	Potamogeton confervoides Rchb.
alga pondweed, Tuckerman's pondweed; Fr: potamot confervoïde.  Boreal eNA; w/s/c/eNfld.,disj. in cLab. (Goose Bay); aq., acid.
		[=Potamogeton tuckermanii  J.W. Robbins]
[LN]	Potamogeton epihydrus Raf.
	ribbonleaf pondweed; Fr: potamot émergé.  Temp.-Boreal NA, Europe; thr. Nfld., disj. in cLab.; aq.
		[=Potamogeton epihydrus var. nuttallii (Cham. & Schltdl.) Fernald]
		[=Potamogeton epihydrus subsp. nuttallii (Cham. & Schltdl.) Calder & Roy L. Taylor]
		[=Potamogeton nuttallii Cham. & Schltdl.]
	[Potamogeton filiformis  -  see Stuckenia filiformis and Appendix I, Stuckenia filiformis subsp. filiformis]
[N]	Potamogeton foliosus Raf. subsp. foliosus
	leafy pondweed; Fr: potamot feuillé.  Temp.-sBoreal NA, CA; N to cNfld.; aq.
		[=Potamogeton foliosus var. macellus Fernald]
		[=Potamogeton pauciflorus Pursh]
		[Considered very  rare in Newfoundland, Potamogeton foliosus is known from only one location in the Humber River, wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991). Labrador reports of Potamogeton foliosus are referred to Potamogeton pusillus var. tenuissimus.]
[NL]	Potamogeton friesii Rupr.
	Fries' pondweed, flatstalk pondweed; Fr: potamot de Fries. Circumboreal (disj.); w/nwNfld., Lab.; aq., calc.
		[=Potamogeton mucronatus Schrad. ex Sonder]
		[=Spirillus friesii (Rupr.) Nieuwl.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Potamogeton friesii is found in alkaline pools near Port au Choix and Stephenville, wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).  Labrador reports of P. friesii by Rouleau (1978) require validation. Crow and Helquist (2000) indicate a Labrador range, but their FNA treatment does not.]
[LN]	Potamogeton gramineus L.
	variableleaf pondweed; Fr: potamot à feuilles de graminée.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to w/cLab.; aq.
		[=Potamogeton gramineus var. graminifolius Fries]
		[=Potamogeton gramineus var. maximus Morong]
		[=Potamogeton heterophyllus auct. non Schreb.]
	[Potamogeton groenlandicus  -  see Appendix I]
	[Potamogeton illinoensis  -  see Appendix I]
	[Potamogeton longiligulatus  -  see Potamogeton strictifolius]
[LN]	Potamogeton natans L.
	floatingleaf pondweed; Fr: potamot flottant.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to wLab.; aq.
[N]	Potamogeton Xnitens Weber (pro sp.) (gramineus x perfoliatus [bupleuroides])
This hybrid pondweed is reported from eCanada, locally in w/nwNfld.
		[=Potamogeton xsubnitens Hagström]
	[Potamogeton nodosus  -  see Potamogeton oakesianus notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Potamogeton oakesianus J.W. Robbins in A. Gray
	Oakes' pondweed; Fr: potamot d’Oakes.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., disj. in cLab. (Goose Bay); aq., acid.
		[Labrador reports of Potamogeton nodosus are based on collections by Gillett and Findlay from Goose Bay (MT, DAO), which are referred to Potamogeton oakesianus by S.G. Hay and also Hellquist.]
[N] i	Potamogeton oblongus Viviani
	oblongleaf pondweed; Fr: potamot oblong.  European, nAfrican; intr. in ne/s/eNfld.; aq., acid.
[LN]	Potamogeton obtusifolius Mertens & W.D.J. Koch in Röhl. et al.
	bluntleaf pondweed; Fr: potamot à feuilles obtuses. Circumboreal; N to w/nwNfld., sLab.; aq.
		[=Spirillus obtusifolius (Mertens & W.D.J. Koch) Nieuwl.]
		[Considered very rare in Nfld., Potamogeton obtusifolius is known from only two small ponds in w/nwNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).  In Labrador, Potamogeton obtusifolius is known only from along the Blanc Sablon River, Labrador side (MT).]
	[Potamogeton pectinatus  -  see Stuckenia pectinata]
[LN]	Potamogeton perfoliatus L.
claspingleaf pondweed; Fr: potamot perfolié. Temp.-Boreal eNA, Eurasia, S Hemisphere; w/nw/c/eNfld., disj. in cLab.; aq., often brackish.
		[=Potamogeton bupleuroides Fernald] - type: Holyrood, eNfld.
		[=Potamogeton perfoliatus subsp. bupleuroides (Fernald) Hultén]
		[=Potamogeton perfoliatus var. bupleuroides (Fernald) Farw.]
[LN]	Potamogeton praelongus Wulfén
whitestem pondweed; Fr: potamot à longs pédoncules.   Circumboreal; w/n/c/eNfld., disj. in wLab. (Carol Lake); aq., often calc.
		[=Potamogeton praelongus forma elegans Tiselius]
[LN]	Potamogeton pusillus L. subsp. tenuissimus (Mertens & W.D.J. Koch) R.R. Haynes & Hellq.
Berchtold’s pondweed, slender pondweed; Fr: potamot très ténu.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., disj. in cLab.; aq. 
		[=Potamogeton pusillus var. tenuissimus Mertens & W.D.J. Koch in Röhl.]
		[=Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieber]
		[=Potamogeton berchtoldii var. tenuissimus (Mertens & W.D.J. Koch) Fernald]
		[Labrador (Goose Bay) reports of Potamogeton foliosus by Gillett and Findlay  have been revised by S.G. Hay to Potamogeton pusillus var. tenuissimus.]
	[Potamogeton pusillus subsp. pusillus  -  see Appendix I]
[L]	Potamogeton richardsonii (A. Bennett) Rydb.
	Richardson’s pondweed; Fr: potamot de Richardson. Boreal NA; N to cLab. (Goose Bay: MT, DAO); aq., calc.
		[=Potamogeton perfoliatus L. var. richardsonii A. Bennett]
		[=Potamogeton perfoliatus subsp. richardsonii (A. Bennett) Hultén]
[L]	Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes
	Robbins' pondweed; Fr: potamot de Robbins.  nTemp. eNA, with wNA disjunctions; reported from Lab. 
		[Crow and Hellquist report Potamogeton robbinsii from Labrador; no further information is known.]
[N]	Potamogeton spirillus Tuckerman
	northern snailseed pondweed; Fr: potamot spirillé.  Boreal eNA; w/cNfld.; aq.
		[=Potamogeton dimorphus Raf.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Potamogeton spirillus has been collected from about five freshwater locations in western and central Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Potamogeton strictifolius A. Bennett
	narrowleaf pondweed; Fr: potamot à feuilles raides.  Boreal NA; nwNfld.; aq., calc.
		[=Potamogeton longiligulatus Fernald] - type: Flowers Cove, nwNfld.
		[Considered very rare, Potamogeton strictifolius is known in Nfld. only from the type location of Potamogeton longiligulatus Fernald (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Potamogeton xsubnitens  -  see Potamogeton xnitens]
	[Potamogeton vaginatus  -  see Stuckenia filiformis var. occidentalis]

[N]	Potamogeton zosteriformis Fernald
	flatstem pondweed; Fr: potamot zostériforme.  nTemp.-Boreal NA; nwNfld.; aq., calc.
		[=Potamogeton zosterifolius Schumacher subsp. zosteriformis (Fernald) Hultén]
		[=Potamogeton zosterifolius var. americanus A. Bennett]
		[Considered very rare in Nfld., Potamogeton zosteriformis is known from only one location in nwNfld., it was discovered by Hellquist & Crow in 1986 (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	Stuckenia filiformis (Pers.) Börner
[LN]	   subsp. alpina (Blytt) R.R. Haynes, Les, & M. Král
   alpine threadleaf pondweed, red pondweed; Fr: potamot filiforme alpin. Boreal NA, Asia, and sHemisphere;
	   w/n/c/sNfld., disj. in wLab. [not: N to nLab.], often coastal; aq., calc., hal.
		[=Potamogeton marinus L. forma alpinus Blytt in M.N. Blytt & A.G. Blytt]
		[=Potamogeton borealis Raf.]
		[=Potamogeton filiformis Pers. var. alpinus (Blytt) Asch. & Graebn.]
		[=Potamogeton filiformis var. borealis (Raf.) H. St. John]
[N]	   subsp. occidentalis (J.W. Robbins) R.R. Haynes, Les, & M. Král
	   western threadleaf pondweed; Fr: potamot filiforme occidental.  Boreal NA; nwNfld.; aq., calc.
		[=Potamogeton marinus L. var. occidentalis J.W. Robbins in S.Watson]
		[=Potamogeton filiformis Pers. var. occidentalis (J.W. Robbins) Morong]
		[=Potamogeton interior Rydb.]
		[NF reports of Stuckenia vaginata, classified as rare in Bouchard et al. (1991, as Potamogeton vaginata), have since been revised to Stuckenia filiformis subsp. occidentalis.  This taxon is known from ponds in coastal limestone barrens of nwNfld.  Labrador reports refer to a 1925 collection by Fernald along the Blanc Sablon River, from an area once in Labrador, but now considered part of Québec; so technically, there are no valid Labrador reports to date.  See also Callitriche hermaphroditica.]
	[Stuckenia filiformis subsp. filiformis  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner
	sago pondweed; Fr: potamot pectiné.  Circumboreal, S to SA, Australia; w/s/eNfld.; aq., hal., calc.
		[=Potamogeton pectinatus L.]
		[Classified in Bouchard et al. (1991, as Potamogeton pectinatus), as rare in Nfld., Stuckenia pectinata is found in brackish ponds and tide pools.  New collection sites from St. Paul’s and Parson’s Pond, wNfld. were reported by J. Maunder, pers. comm. 1999.]
	[Stuckenia vaginata  -  see Stuckenia filiformis subsp. occidentalis notes and Appendix I]
[N]	Zannichellia palustris L.
	horned pondweed; Fr: zannichellie palustre.  Temp.-sBoreal NA, SA, Eurasia, Africa; w/s/neNfld.; aq., hal.
		[=Zannichellia major (Hartm.) Boenn. ex Rchb. in Moessl.]
		[=Zannichellia palustris var. major (Hartm.) W.D.J. Koch]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Zannichellia palustris is known from salt marsh tidepools in western and northeastern Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]

Ruppiaceae  Ditch Grass or Tasselweed Family
[N]	Ruppia maritima L.
ditchgrass, beaked tasselweed; Fr: ruppie maritime. Coastal NA; coastal Nfld., inland waterways; aq., often hal.
		[=Ruppia intermedia Thedenius]
		[=Ruppia maritima var. brevirostris Agardh]
		[=Ruppia maritima var. exigua Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Ruppia maritima var. intermedia (Thedenius) Asch. & Graebn.]
		[=Ruppia maritima var. longipes Hagström]
		[=Ruppia maritima var. obliqua (Schur) Asch. & Graebn.]
		[=Ruppia maritima var. rostrata Agardh]
		[=Ruppia maritima var. spiralis Morris]
		[=Ruppia obliqua Schur]
		[Labrador reports of Ruppia maritima are unverified.  Rousseau (1974) mentions a Labrador report of R. maritima by Hustich (1965) from lac Double Mer, but was unsuccessful in locating a specimen.]

Scheuchzeriaceae  Scheuchzeria Family
[LN]	Scheuchzeria palustris L.
pod grass, marsh scheuchzeria, rannoch rush; Fr: scheuchzérie palustre.  Circumboreal; w/c/ne/eNfld., N to nLab.; acid.
		[=Scheuchzeria americana (Fernald) G.N. Jones]
		[=Scheuchzeria palustris subsp. americana (Fernald) Hultén]
		[=Scheuchzeria palustris var. americana Fernald]

Sparganiaceae  Burreed Family
[N]	Sparganium americanum Nutt.
	American burreed; Fr: rubanier d’Amérique. Temp. NA; N thr. Nfld. (except nw); aq.
		[A collection from Whitbourne, central Avalon, is reported by J. Maunder, pers. comm. 1999.]
[LN]	Sparganium angustifolium Michx.
	narrowleaf burreed; Fr: rubanier à feuilles étroites.  Circumboreal (disj. in Asia); thr. Nfld., N to nLab.; aq.
		[=Sparganium angustifolium var. multipedunculatum (Morong) Brayshaw] 
		[=Sparganium emersum Rehmann var. multipedunculatum (Morong) Reveal]
		[=Sparganium multipedunculatum (Morong) Rydb.]
		[=Sparganium simplex Huds. var. multipedunculatum Morong]
[LN]	Sparganium emersum Rehmann
	unbranched burreed; Fr: rubanier émergent. Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to sLab.; aq.
		[=Sparganium acaule (Beeby ex Macoun) Rydb.]

		[=Sparganium angustifolium Michx. var. emersum (Rehmann) Brayshaw]
		[=Sparganium chlorocarpum Rydb.]
		[=Sparganium chlorocarpum var. acaule (Beeby ex Macoun) Fernald]
		[=Sparganium emersum subsp. acaule (Beeby ex Macoun) C.D.K. Cook & M.S. Nicholls] 
		[=Sparganium simplex Huds. var. acaule Beeby ex Macoun]
	[Sparganium erectum  -  see Sparganium eurycarpum]
[N] i	Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. in A. Gray
	giant burreed; Fr: rubanier à gros fruits. Temp. NA; w/nw/seNfld.; aq., often brackish.
		[=Sparganium erectum L. subsp. stoloniferum (Hamilton ex Graebner) C.D.K. Cook & M.S. Nicholls]
		[=Sparganium eurycarpum var. greenei (Morong) Graebn.]
		[=Sparganium greenei Morong]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Sparganium eurycarpum is known from shores and marshes in w/nwNfld. and the Burin Peninsula. FNA's online treatment of this species indicates that Sparganium eurycarpum may represent a North American counterpart of the Eurasian Sparganium erectum, but no studies are underway regarding this problem.]
[N]	Sparganium fluctuans (Engelm. ex Morong) B.L. Robinson
	floating burreed; Fr: rubanier flottant.  nTemp. NA (mainly eastern); c/ne/eNfld.; aq.
		[=Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong var. fluctuans Engelm. ex Morong]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Sparganium fluctuans is known from shallow ponds in c/ne/eNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[L]	Sparganium glomeratum  (Beurl. ex Laest.) L.M. Newman in Hartm. & C. Hartm.
	clustered burreed; Fr: rubanier aggloméré.  Boreal NA (disj.), Eurasia; disj. in cLab. (Goose Bay); aq.
		[=Sparganium erectum L. var. glomeratum Beurl. ex Laest.]
[LN]	Sparganium hyperboreum Beurl. ex Laest.
	northern burreed; Fr: rubanier hyperboréal.  Circumboreal, N thr. Nfld. & Lab.; aq.

[LN]	Sparganium natans L.
small burreed, least burreed; Fr: rubanier nageant, rubanier nain.  Circumboreal; N thr. Nfld. disj. w/n/cLab.; aq.

		[=Sparganium minimum (Hartm.) Fries]
Tofieldiaceae Tofieldia Family  (formerly included in the Liliaceae)
	[Tofieldia coccinea  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Tofieldia glutinosa (Michx.) Pers.
	sticky tofieldia, glutinous tofieldia; Fr: tofieldie glutineuse.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Narthecium glutinosum Michx.]
		[=Triantha glutinosa (Michx.) Baker]
[LN]	Tofieldia pusilla (Michx.) Pers.
	small tofieldia, false asphodel; Fr: tofieldie naine.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar, S thr. Lab. to w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Narthecium pusillum Michx.]
		[=Tofieldia borealis Wahlenb.]
		[=Tofieldia minima (Hill) Druce]
		[=Tofieldia palustris auct. non Huds.]

Typhaceae  Cattail Family
[N]	Typha latifolia L.
	 common cattail; Fr: quenouille à feuilles larges, massette.  Temp.-Boreal NA, Eurasia (disj.); w/ne/cNfld.

Xyridaceae  Yellow-Eyed Grass Family
[N]	Xyris montana Ries
	northern yelloweyed grass; Fr: xyris des montagnes.  nTemp. eNA; N to w/c/ne/s/eNfld.
		[=Xyris flexuosa Muhl. var. pusilla A. Gray]
		[=Xyris papillosa Fassett]

[Zannichelliaceae  -  see Potamogetonaceae]

Zosteraceae  Eelgrass Family
[LN]	Zostera marina L.
	eelgrass, seawrack; Fr: zostère marine, mousse de mer. Coastal NA, Eurasia; N to cLab.; aq., hal.
		[=Zostera marina var. stenophylla Asch. & Graebn.]