Eudicots
  
[Aceraceae - see Sapindaceae]
  
Adoxaceae Viburnum Family  (formerly included in the Caprifoliaceae)
	[Sambucus nigra  -  see Appendix II]
[N]	Sambucus racemosa L. subsp. pubens (Michx.) House 1913, non Hultén 1937
	red elderberry; Fr: sureau rouge, sureau pubescent.  Boreal NA (disj.); w/s/c/neNfld.
		[=Sambucus pubens Michx.]
		[=Sambucus pubens forma leucocarpa (Torr. & Gray) Fernald]
		[=Sambucus pubens forma xanthocarpa (Cockerell) Fernald]
		[=Sambucus pubens $ (var.) leucocarpa Torr. & Gray]
		[=Sambucus racemosa forma xanthocarpa Cockerell]
		[=Sambucus racemosa forma leucocarpa (Torr. & Gray) House]
		[=Sambucus racemosa var. leucocarpa (Torr. & Gray) Cronquist]
		[=Sambucus racemosa var. pubens (Michx.) Koehne]
	[Viburnum cassinoides  -  see Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides]
[LN]	Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.
	squashberry (NF), mooseberry; Fr: viorne comestible.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Turnavik).
		[=Viburnum opulus L. var. edule Michx.]
		[=Viburnum pauciflorum Bachelot de la Pylaie ex Torr. & Gray]
[N]	Viburnum nudum L. var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & Gray
northern wild raisin; Fr: viorne cassinoïde, bleuets sains.  nTemp.-sBoreal eNA; thr. Nfld. (except upper nw).
		[=Viburnum cassinoides L.]
	[Viburnum opulus L. var. opulus  -  see Appendix II]
[N]	Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Aiton
	highbush cranberry; Fr: viorne trilobée.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld.
		[=Viburnum americanum (Aiton) Mill.]
		[=Viburnum opulus subsp. trilobum (Marshall) R.T. Clausen]
		[=Viburnum oxycoccus Pursh]
		[=Viburnum trilobum Marshall]
	[Viburnum trilobum  -  see Viburnum opulus var. americanum]
  
Amaranthaceae  Amaranth Family  (including Chenopodiaceae)
[N] e	Amaranthus albus L.
	white tumbleweed; Fr: amarante blanche.  Temp. NA, Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Amaranthus graecizans auct. non L.]
		[=Amaranthus graecizans L. var. pubescens Uline & Bray]
		[A specimen of Amaranthus albus was collected in garden of H.J. Clase, 1994, not persistent.]
[N] i	Amaranthus retroflexus L.
	green amaranth; Fr: amarante réfléchie.  Temp. eUS, Trop. Am.; N to wNfld.
		[Collection of A. retroflexus by I.J. Greene (SWGC) from Deer Lake, verified 1997, S.G. Hay]
	[Atriplex franktonii   -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Atriplex glabriuscula Edmondston
smooth orache, Scotland orache; Fr: arroche glabriuscule.  Coastal amphi-Atlantic and wNA, hal.; thr. coastal Nfld., N to sLab. (Red Bay: GH).
		[=Atriplex glabriuscula var. oblanceolata Vict. & J. Rousseau]
		[=Atriplex patula L. subsp. glabriuscula (Edmondston) H.M. Hall & Clements]
		[=Atriplex patula var. oblanceolata (Vict. & J. Rousseau) B. Boivin]
	[Atriplex hastata  -  see Appendix I, Atriplex prostrata]
[N]	Atriplex nudicaulis Boguslaw
	Baltic saltbush; Fr: arroche hâtive.  Coastal amphi-Atlantic; coastal nw/s/eNfld.; hal.
		[=Atriplex longipes Drejer]
		[=Atriplex longipes subsp. praecox (Hülph.) Turesson]

		[=Atriplex praecox Hülph.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Atriplex nudicaulis is known from sandy beaches in coastal sites around the island (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Atriplex praecox).]
[N] i	Atriplex patula L. subsp. patula
	spreading orache, spearscale; Fr: arroche étalée, arroche des champs.  Eurasian; thr. coastal Nfld.; hal.
		[Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. in Lam. & DC. is the species most commonly known in North America as Atriplex hastata; however, true Atriplex hastata is a European species, which has not yet spread to North America (Bassett et al. 1983).  Atriplex prostrata is known only as far east in NA as Nova Scotia.  Nfld. reports of Atriplex hastata refer primarily to Atriplex patula or A. glabriuscula.]
	[Atriplex prostrata  -  see Atriplex patula notes and Appendix I]
[N]	Atriplex subspicata (Nutt.) Rydb.
	saline saltbush; Fr: arroche des sables.  Temp.-sBoreal NA; coastal w/neNfld.; hal.
		[=Chenopodium subspicatum Nutt.]
		[=Atriplex patula L. subsp. hastata sensu H.M. Hall & Clements 1923, p.p. minore.]
		[=Atriplex patula var. subspicata (Nutt.) S.Watson]
		[Atriplex subspicata is a candidate for rare species status in Nfld.]
[LN] i	Chenopodium album L. var. album
	lambs-quarters, pigweed; Fr: chénopode blanc, chou gras.  Eurasian, cosmopolitan weed; thr. Nfld.
		[=Chenopodium ferulatum Lunell]
		[=Chenopodium lanceolatum Muhl. ex Willd.]
[N] i	Chenopodium bonus-henricus L.
	Good King Henry; Fr: chénopode Bon-Henri.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
[LN] i	Chenopodium glaucum L.
	oakleaf goosefoot; Fr: chénopode glauque.  Eurasian; intr. in wNfld.
	[Chenopodium lanceolatum  -  see Chenopodium album]
	[Salicornia europaea  -  see Salicornia maritima and Salicornia virginica]
[N]	Salicornia maritima S.L. Wolff & Jefferies
	sea glasswort, jointed glasswort, samphire; Fr: salicorne maritime, corail. Coastal neNA; thr. coastal Nfld.; hal.
		[=Salicornia europaea auct. non L.]
		[=Salicornia europaea var. herbacea auct. non L.]
		[=Salicornia europaea var. prostrata auct. non (Pallas) Fernald]
		[=Salicornia herbacea auct. non (L.) L.]
		[=Salicornia prostrata auct. non Pallas]
		[Salicornia maritima is a diploid taxon; see Wolff & Jefferies (1987) and note under S. virginica.]
[N]	Salicornia virginica L.
	Virginia glasswort, perennial saltwort; Fr: salicorne de Virginie.  Coastal eNA; ?thru coastal Nfld.;  hal.
		[=Salicornia europaea sensu S.L. Wolff & Jefferies, non L.]
		[=Salicornia europaea auct. non L. var. simplex auct. non (Pursh) Fernald]
		[=Salicornia herbacea auct. non (L.) L. var. simplex auct. non Pursh]
		[Salicornia virginica is a tetraploid taxon, treated as S. europaea s.l. in Wolff & Jefferies (1987), who include Nfld. in the range of this species. Provincial and MT specimens of Salicornia europaea have not been annotated to determine the Nfld. range of the two Salicornia species.]
[N] 	Salsola kali L. subsp. kali
	prickly saltwort, common saltwort; Fr: soude commune.  Coastal eNA, Eurasia; coastal w/s/e/Nfld.; hal.
		[=Salsola caroliniana Walter]
		[=Salsola kali L. var. caroliniana (Walter) Nutt.]
		[sLab. reports of Salsola kali likely refer to the Côte Nord, eQue., as in Rousseau (1974).]
[N]	Suaeda calceoliformis (Hook.) Moq.
	low seablite; Fr: suéda couché.  Coastal wNA, disj. in eCan. & Hudson Bay, coastal w/s/ne/eNfld.; hal.
		[=Chenopodium calceoliforme Hook.]
		[=Dondia americana (Pers.) Britton]
		[=Salsola depressa auct. non Pursh]
		[=Salsola salsa auct. non L. var. americana Pers.]

		[=Suaeda americana (Pers.) Fernald]
		[=Suaeda depressa auct. non (Pursh) S.Watson]
		[=Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. var. americana (Pers.) B. Boivin]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Suaeda calceoliformis is restricted to tidal flats and brackish areas (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Suaeda depressa  -  see Suaeda calceoliformis]
[N?]	Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. subsp. richii (Fernald) Bassett & Crompton
	Rich's seablite; Fr: suéda de Rich.  Coastal neNA; coastal sw/eNfld.; hal.
		[=Suaeda richii Fernald]
		[=Dondia richii (Fernald) A. Heller]
		[Basionym of Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort.: Chenopodium maritimum L.]
		[The Nfld. report of Suaeda maritima ssp. richii, classified as historically present in Bouchard et al. (1991), is questionable; specimens are immature and require better validation.]

Apiaceae  Parsley Family  (excluding Hydrocotyle)
[N] i	Aegopodium podagraria L.
	goutweed; Fr: égopode podagraire, herbe aux goutteux.  Eurasian; intr. in w/s/eNfld.
	[Angelica archangelica  -  see Angelica atropurpurea notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Angelica atropurpurea L.
purplestem angelica, alexanders; Fr: angélique pourpre.  Boreal eNA; w/nw/s/cNfld., N to cLab. (Makkovik).
		[?=Angelica laurentiana Fernald] - type: Anse-aux-Sauvages, nwNfld.
		[The taxonomic status of Angelica laurentiana Fernald is uncertain; it may prove to be Angelica atropurpurea L.; the type specimens show no significant differences from A. atropurpurea (S.G. Hay, pers. comm. 1998). Reported specimens of A. laurentiana in recent years are referred to Angelica atropurpurea.  Also, reports of Angelica archangelica L. likely refer to Angelica atropurpurea.]
	[Angelica laurentiana  -  see Angelica atropurpurea]
[LN]	Angelica lucida L.
	seaside angelica; Fr: angélique brillante.  Coastal nNA (disj.), eAsia; w/n/s/eNfld., N to nLab. (Hopedale).
		[=Archangelica gmelinii DC.]
		[=Coelopleurum actaeifolium (Michx.) Coult. & Rose]
		[=Coelopleurum lucidum (L.) Fernald]
		[=Coelopleurum gmelini (DC.) Ledeb.]
		[=Ligusticum actaeifolium Michx.]
		[=Ligusticum lucidum (L.) Mill.]
[N] i	Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.
	wild chervil; Fr: anthrisque des bois, cerfeuil sauvage.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Chaerophyllum sylvestre L.]
		[Anthriscus sylvestris is the most common introduced umbellifer in St. John's, see Boland (1995).]
[N] i	Carum carvi  L.
	wild caraway; Fr: carvi commun, anis canadien.  Eurasian; intr. in w/nw/c/eNfld.
		[Carum carvi is the most common introduced umbellifer in western Nfld., occupying habitats usually taken by Daucus carota in more southerly provinces (Mann 1995). It is rapidly spreading north along roadsides on the Great Northern Peninsula.]
[LN]	Cicuta bulbifera L.
	bulbous waterhemlock; Fr: cicutaire bulbifère.  Boreal NA; intr. in w/nw/c/eNfld., N to cLab.
	[Coelopleurum lucidum  -  see Angelica lucida]
[LN]	Conioselinum chinense (L.) B.S.P.
	hemlock parsley; Fr: coniosélinum de Genesee.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab. (Indian Harbour).
		[=Athamantha chinense L.]
		[=Conioselinum pumilum Rose]
		[NF reports of the Beringian Conioselinum gmelini are referred to Conioselinum chinense.]

	[Conioselinum gmelini  -  see Conioselinum chinense notes and Appendix I]
	[Conioselinum pumilum  -  see Conioselinum chinense]
	[Coriandrum sativum  -  see Appendix II]
[LN] i	Daucus carota L.
wild carrot, Queen Anne's lace; Fr: carotte sauvauge, carotte potagère.  Eurasian, intr. in wNfld. and cLab.
		[The distribution of Daucus carota in NF is restricted to a few isolated locations in western Nfld. (Mann 1995, SWGC) and one report from Goose Bay, Lab. (DAO) (Scoggan 1978).]
	[Foeniculum vulgare  -  see Appendix II]
	[Heracleum lanatum  -  see Heracleum maximum]
[LN]	Heracleum maximum W.Bartram
cow parsnip; Fr: berce très grande, poglus.  Boreal NA & eAsia; thr. Nfld., N to wLab. (Attikamagen L.) and cLab. (Sandwich Bay).
		[=Heracleum lanatum Michx.]
		[=Heracleum montanum Schleich. ex Gaudin] - nom. nud.
		[=Heracleum spondylium L. subsp. montanum (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Briq. in Schinz & R. Keller]
		[See Kartesz & Gandhi (1994) for a discussion on the validity of Bartram's publication.]
[N] i	Heracleum sphondylium L. subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonkai
	hogweed, eltrot; Fr: grande berce.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Heracleum sibiricum L.]
	[Hydrocotyle  -  see Araliaceae]
[LN]	Ligusticum scoticum L. subsp. scoticum
Scotch lovage; Fr: livèche d'Écosse, persil de mer.  Coastal amphi-Atlantic; thr. coastal Nfld., N to nLab. (Tikkoatokok Bay); hal.
	[Myrrhis odorata  -  see Appendix II]
[N]	Osmorhiza berteroi DC.
	tapering sweetcicely; Fr: osmorhize de Bertero.  Boreal cordilleran disjunct, wSA; N to w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Osmorhiza chilensis Hook. & Arn.]
		[=Osmorhiza divaricata (Britton) Suksdorf]
		[=Osmorhiza nuda Torr.]
		[=Washingtonia divaricata Britton]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Osmorhiza berteroi is known from only two Nfld. locations, the Highlands of St. John and Frenchman's Cove. (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Osmorhiza chilensis). A recent specimen from Parson's Pond, collected by J.E. Maunder (NFM) may be this species.]
	[Osmorhiza chilensis  -  see Osmorhiza berteroi]
	[Osmorhiza claytonii  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Osmorhiza depauperata Philippi
	blunt sweetcicely; Fr: osmorhize obtuse.  Boreal, cordilleran disjunct; w/nNfld., N to sLab. (Forteau).
		[=Osmorhiza obtusa (Coult. & Rose) Fernald]
		[=Washingtonia obtusa Coult. & Rose]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Osmorhiza depauperata is known mainly from coniferous forest edges and thickets on the west coast; also one verified site in the Twillingate area.]
[N] i	Pastinaca sativa L.
	wild parsnip; Fr: panais cultivé, panais sauvage.  European; intr. in w/n/eNfld.
	[Petroselinum crispum  -  see Appendix II]
[N] i 	Pimpinella saxifraga L.
	burnet saxifrage; Fr: petit boucage. European; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Pimpinella dissecta Retz.]
		[=Pimpinella saxifraga var. dissecta (Retz.) Beck]
		[Distribution of Pimpinella saxifraga in Nfld. seems restricted to the St. John's area (Boland 1995); var. dissecta has been reported recently from Torbay Airport and St. John's (J. Maunder, NFM).]
[N]	Sanicula marilandica L.
	black sanicle, black snakeroot; Fr: sanicle du Maryland.  Temp.-Boreal NA; N to w/nw/s/cNfld.
		[=Sanicula marilandica var. borealis Fernald]
[N]	Sium suave Walter
	water parsnip; Fr: berle douce.  Boreal NA, Asia; N to w/c/eNfld.
		[=Sium cicutaefolium Schrank]

Apocynaceae  Dogbane Family
[N]	Apocynum androsaemifolium L. subsp. androsaemifolium
	spreading dogbane; Fr: apocyn à feuilles d’androsème.  Temp.-sBoreal NA; N to c/neNfld.
		[=Apocynum androsaemifolium var. incanum A.DC.]
[N]	Apocynum cannabinum L.
	Indian hemp, claspingleaf dogbane; Fr: apocyn chanvrin. Temp.-sBoreal NA; N to w/cNfld.
		[=Apocynum cannabinum var. hypericifolium (Aiton) A. Gray]
		[=Apocynum hypericifolium Aiton]
		[=Apocynum sibiricum Jacq.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Apocynum cannabinum is found on sandy or gravelly shores in  western and central Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Apocynum Xfloribundum Greene (pro sp.) (androsaemifolium X cannabinum)
	intermediate dogbane; Fr: apocyn moyen.  Temp. NA; N to cNfld. (Grand Falls area).
		[=Apocynum medium Greene]
	[Vinca minor  -  see Appendix II]

Aquifoliaceae  Holly Family
[N]	Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray
	winterberry; Fr: houx verticillé.  Temp. eNA; N thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Prinos verticillata L.]
		[=Ilex bronxensis Britton]
		[=Ilex fastigiata E.P. Bicknell]
		[=Ilex verticillata forma chrysocarpa B.L. Robinson]
		[=Ilex verticillata forma tenuifolia Torr.]
		[=Ilex verticillata var. fastigiata (E.P. Bicknell) Fernald]
		[=Ilex verticillata var. tenuifolia (Torr.) S.Watson]
[N]	Ilex mucronata (L.) Powell, Savolainen, and Andrews
	mountain holly, catberry; Fr: faux houx, némopanthe mucroné.  Temperate eNA; N thr. Nfld.
		[=Vaccinium mucronatum L.]
		[=Ilex canadensis Michx.]
		[=Ilicoides mucronata (L.) Britton]
		[=Nemopanthus fascicularis Raf.]
		[=Nemopanthus mucronatus (L.) Loesner ex Koehne 1893, non Trelease 1899, non Druce 1914]
		[The recent inclusion of Nemopanthus in Ilex is based on excellent molecular and morphological data detailed in Powell et al., 2000.]
	[Nemopanthus mucronatus  -  see Ilex mucronatus]

Araliaceae  Ginseng Family  (including Hydrocotylaceae)
[LN]	Aralia hispida Vent.
	bristly sarsaparilla; Fr: aralie hispide.  nTemp. eNA; w/c/ne/eNfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay).
[N]	Aralia nudicaulis L.
	wild sarsaparilla; Fr: salsepareille, aralie à tige nue.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld.
		[Labrador reports of Aralia nudicaulis probably refer to the Côte-Nord, eQue. (Scoggan 1978).]
[N]	Hydrocotyle americana L.
	water pennywort; Fr: hydrocotyle d’Amérique.  Temp. eNA; N to swNfld.
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Hydrocotyle americana is known from two locations in the St. George's region; it has not been collected since 1930 (Bouchard et al., 1991).]

Asteraceae  Daisy Family
	[Achillea borealis, Achillea lanulosa  -  see Achillea millefolium subsp. lanulosa]
	Achillea millefolium L.
[LN]	   subsp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper
	   woolly yarrow, northern yarrow; Fr: achillée laineuse. Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Achillea lanulosa Nutt.]
		[=Achillea borealis Bong.]
		[=Achillea millefolium subsp. borealis (Bong.) Breitung]
		[=Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw.]
		[=Achillea millefolium var. lanulosum (Nutt.) Piper]
		[=Achillea millefolium var. nigrescens E. Meyer]
		[=Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.]
		[=Achillea nigrescens (E. Meyer) Rydb.]
		[=Achillea occidentalis (DC.) Raf.]
[LN] i 	   subsp. millefolium
	   common yarrow; Fr: achillée millefeuille, herbe-à-dindes.  Eurasian; intr.thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Hebron).
		[=Achillea millefolium forma rosea Rand & Redfield]
[LN] i	Achillea ptarmica L.
	sneezeweed, white tansy; Fr: achillée ptarmique.  Eurasian; introduced in w/nw/s/eNfld., N to cLab.
[N] i	Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.
	common ragweed; Fr: petite herbe à poux, ambroise à feuilles d’armoise.  Temp. eNA; intr. in ne/eNfld.
		[Ambrosia artemisiifolia is reported from three small locations on the Avalon Peninsula and one site on the BaieVerte Peninsula.  Occasional introductions seem to be short-lived.]
[LN]	Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & J.D. Hook. ex C.B. Clarke
	pearly everlasting; Fr: immortelle blanche, anaphale marguerite.  Boreal NA, eAsia; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Gnaphalium margaritaceum L.]
		[=Anaphalis margaritacea subsp. angustior (Miq.) Kitamura & H. Hara]
		[=Anaphalis margaritacea var. angustior (Miq.) Nakai]
		[=Anaphalis margaritacea var. intercedens H. Hara]
		[=Anaphalis margaritacea var. subalpina (A. Gray) A. Gray]
		[=Antennaria cinnamomea DC. var. angustior Miq.]
		[=Antennaria margaritacea (L.) Hook.]
		[=Antennaria margaritacea var. subalpina A. Gray] 1863
	[Antennaria albicans  -  see Antennaria howellii subsp. gaspensis]
	Antennaria alpina (L) Gaertn.
	alpine pussytoes; Fr: antennaire alpine.  Arctic-alpine NA (disj.), nwEurope; nLab., S to w/nwNfld.; often calc.
[LN]	   subsp. alpina
		[=Gnaphalium alpinum L.]
		[=Antennaria alpina var. typica Fernald]
		[=Antennaria alpina var. ungavensis Fernald]
		[=Antennaria ungavensis (Fernald) Malte] - type: Stillwater R., nLab.
[LN]	   subsp. canescens (Lange) Chmiel.
		[=Antennaria alpina var. canescens Lange]
		[=Antennaria alpina var. cana Fernald & Wiegand] - type: Point Riche, nwNfld.
		[=Antennaria atriceps Fernald ex Raup]
		[=Antennaria brevistyla Fernald]
		[=Antennaria cana (Fernald & Wiegand) Fernald]
		[=Antennaria canescens (Lange) Malte]
		[=Antennaria columnaris Fernald] - type: Gargamelle Cove, Ingornachoix Bay, nwNfld.
		[=Antennaria confusa Fernald] - type: Old Port aux Choix, nwNfld.
		[=Antennaria congesta Malte]
		[=Antennaria hudsonica Malte]
		[?=Antennaria labradorica Nutt.]
		[=Antennaria longii Fernald] - type: Schooner Is., nwNfld.
		[=Antennaria sornborgeri Fernald] - type: Ramah, nLab.
		[=Antennaria vexillifera Fernald] - type: Old Port au Choix, nwNfld. 
		[Antennaria alpina subsp. canescens includes, as synonyms, taxa that were classified as rare in Bouchard et al. (1991): Antennaria cana (incl. A. longii), Antennaria columnaris, and Antennaria vexillifera.  All are restricted to coastal limestone barrens. The taxonomic position of Antennaria labradorica is uncertain at this time (J. Chmielewski, pers. comm., 2000).]
	[Antennaria alpina subsp. porsildii  -  see Appendix I]
	[Antennaria angustata, A. burwellensis  -  see Antennaria monocephala subsp. angustata]
	[Antennaria appendiculata  -  see Antennaria howellii subsp. howellii]
	[Antennaria bayardii, A. brunnescens  -  see Antennaria pulvinata]
	[Antennaria cana, A. canescens  -  see Antennaria alpina subsp. canescens]
	[Antennaria canadensis  -  see Antennaria howellii subsp. howellii]
	[Antennaria columnaris, A. confusa, A. congesta  -  see Antennaria alpina subsp. canescens]
	[Antennaria compacta  -  see Appendix I, Antennaria media subsp. compacta]
[N]	Antennaria eucosma Fernald & Wiegand
	Newfoundland pussytoes; Fr: antennaire élégante.  Endemic to w/nwNfld.
		[Type of Antennaria eucosma Fernald & Wiegand: Table Mt., Port au Port, wNfld.]
		[Since the limestone barren habitat for this species is decreasing, A. eucosma should be considered a candidate for rare species status in Nfld.  NF reports of Antennaria pulcherrima refer to A. eucosma.]
	[Antennaria foggii  -  see Antennaria pulvinata]
[L]	Antennaria frieseana (Trautv.) Ekman subsp. frieseana
	Fries's pussytoes; Fr: antennaire de Fries.  Arctic NA, eAsia; S to nLab.
		[=Antennaria alpina (L.) Gaertn. var. friesiana Trautv.]
		[=Antennaria ekmaniana A.E. Porsild]
		[=Antennaria labradorica auct. non Nutt.]
	[Antennaria gaspensis  -  see Antennaria howellii subsp. gaspensis]
	[Antennaria glabrifolia  -  see Appendix I]
	Antennaria howellii Greene
	Howell's pussytoes; Fr: antennaire de Howell.  nTemp.-Boreal NA; w/nNfld., N to sLab.;  calc.
[N]	   subsp. gaspensis (Fernald) Chmiel.
		[=Antennaria neodioica Greene var. gaspensis Fernald]
		[?=Antennaria albicans Fernald] - type: Table Mt., Port au Port, wNfld.
		[=Antennaria gaspensis (Fernald) Fernald]
		[=Antennaria neglecta Greene var. gaspensis (Fernald) Cronquist]
		[?=Antennaria straminea Fernald] - type: Twillingate, neNfld.   
		[=Antennaria wiegandii Fernald] - type: St. John’s Island, nwNfld.
		[Antennaria howellii ssp. gaspensis includes, as synonyms, taxa that were classified in Bouchard et al. (1991) as rare or historically present in Nfld.:  Antennaria albicans, Antennaria gaspensis, Antennaria straminea, and Antennaria wiegandii).  All of these taxa are known from limestone barrens or exposed calcareous substrates.  The taxonomic position of Antennaria albicans and Antennaria straminea is uncertain at this time (J. Chmielewski, pers. comm., 2000).]
[LN]	   subsp. howellii
		[=Antennaria appendiculata Fernald]
		[=Antennaria canadensis Greene]
		[=Antennaria canadensis var. spathulata Fernald] - type: Rushy Pond, cNfld.
		[=Antennaria howellii subsp. canadensis (Greene) R.J. Bayer]
		[=Antennaria howellii subsp. neodioica (Greene) R.J. Bayer]
		[=Antennaria howellii subsp. petaloidea (Fernald) R.J. Bayer]
		[=Antennaria neglecta subsp. howellii (Greene) Hultén]
		[=Antennaria neglecta var. neodioica (Greene) Cronquist]
		[=Antennaria neglecta var. petioloidea (Fernald) Cronquist]
		[=Antennaria neglecta var. subcorymbosa Fernald]
		[=Antennaria neodioica Greene]
		[=Antennaria neodioica subsp. howellii (Greene)  R.J. Bayer]
		[=Antennaria neodioica var. attenuata  Fernald]
		[=Antennaria neodioica var. chlorophylla Fernald]
		[=Antennaria neodioica var. petaloidea Fernald]
		[=Antennaria petaloidea (Fernald) Fernald]
		[=Antennaria petaloidea var. subcorymbosa (Fernald) Fernald]
		[=Antennaria rosea Greene subsp. petaloidea (Fernald) R.J. Bayer]
		[=Antennaria rupicola Fernald]
		[=Antennaria spathulata (Fernald) Fernald]
		[=Antennaria spathulata var. continentis Fernald & H. St. John]
		[Antennaria howellii ssp. howellii includes, as synonyms, two taxa that are classified in Bouchard et al. (1991) as rare in Nfld.:Antennaria appendiculata and A. petaloidea; both taxa are known from rocky barrens or riverbanks.  NF reports of Antennaria neglecta and Antennaria parvifolia refer to Antennaria howellii.]
	[Antennaria hudsonica  -  see Appendix I, Antennaria alpina subsp. porsildii]
	[Antennaria isolepis  -  see Antennaria pallida]
	[Antennaria labradorica  -  see Antennaria alpina subsp. canescens]
	[Antennaria media  -  see Appendix I]
[L]	Antennaria monocephala DC. subsp. angustata (Greene) Hultén
	pygmy pussytoes; Fr: antennaire étroite.  Arctic-alpine NA (disj.); S to nLab.
		[=Antennaria angustata Greene] - type: Cape Chidley, nLab.
		[=Antennaria burwellensis Malte]
		[=Antennaria pygmaea Fernald] - type: Okak, nLab.
	[Antennaria neglecta  -  see Antennaria howellii and Appendix I]
	[Antennaria neodioica  -  see Antennaria howellii]
[L]	Antennaria pallida E.E. Nelson
	pale pussytoes; Fr: antennaire pâle.  Arctic NA (disj.); S to nLab.
		[=Antennaria isolepis Greene]
		[=Antennaria rousseaui A.E. Porsild]
	[Antennaria parvifolia, Antennaria pulcherrima  -  see Appendix I]
	[Antennaria petaloidea  -  see Antennaria howellii subsp. howellii]
[N]	Antennaria pulvinata Greene
	pulvinate pussytoes; Fr: antennaire en coussin.  Arctic-alpine NA; S to w/nwNfld.; calc. 
		[=Antennaria bayardii Fernald] - type: Tucker's Head, GMNP, Bonne Bay, wNfld.
		[=Antennaria brunnescens Fernald] - type: Killdevil, GMNP, Bonne Bay, wNfld.
		[=Antennaria foggii Fernald] - type: Old Port au Choix, nwNfld.
		[=Antennaria rosea Greene subsp. pulvinata (Greene) R.J. Bayer]
		[Antennaria pulvinata includes, as synonyms, taxa that are classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al. 1991): Antennaria bayardii, A. brunnescens, and A. foggii. All are restricted to limestone substrates.]
	[Antennaria pygmaea  -  see Antennaria monocephala subsp. angustata]
	[Antennaria rosea  -  see Appendix I]
	[Antennaria rousseaui  -  see Antennaria pallida]
	[Antennaria rupicola, Antennaria spathulata  -  see Antennaria howellii subsp. howellii]
	[Antennaria sornborgeri  -  see Antennaria alpina subsp. canescens]
	[Antennaria straminea  -  see Antennaria howellii subsp. gaspensis]
	[Antennaria umbrinella  -  see Appendix I]
	[Antennaria ungavensis  -  see Antennaria alpina subsp. alpina]
	[Antennaria vexillifera  -  see Antennaria alpina subsp. canescens]
	[Antennaria wiegandii  -  see Antennaria howellii subsp. gaspensis]
[N] i	Anthemis arvensis L.
	field chamomile; Fr: camomille des champs.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld.
		[=Anthemis agrestis Wallr.]
		[=Anthemis arvensis var. agrestis (Wallr.) DC.]
[N] i	Anthemis cotula L.
	mayweed chamomille, dog fennel; Fr: camomille des chiens, camomille maroute.  Eurasian; intr. in c/eNfld.
[N] i	Anthemis tinctoria L.
	yellow chamomille; Fr: camomille jaune.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld. (St. John's: DAO).
[N] i	Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.
	common burdock; Fr: petite bardane.  Eurasian; intr. in c/eNfld.
		[=Arctium lappa L. var. minus (Hill) A. Gray]
		[=Lappa minor Hill]
[N] i	Arctium nemorosum Lej. & Court. 
	woodland burdock; Fr: bardane des bois.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. subsp. nemorosum (Lej. & Court.) Syme]
		[=Arctium vulgare (Hill) Druce 1906, non A.H. Evans 1913]
		[=Lappa vulgaris auct. non Hill]
[N] i	Arctium tomentosum Mill.
	woolly burdock; Fr: bardane tomenteuse.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Arctium lappa L. var. tomentosa (Mill.) A. Gray]
		[=Lappa tomentosa (Mill.) Lam.]
	[Arnica alpina, Arnica attenuata  -  see Arnica angustifolia and Appendix I]
	Arnica angustifolia Vahl
[LN]	   subsp. angustifolia
	   narrowleaf arnica; Fr: arnica à feuilles étroites.  Arctic-alpine NA; n-most Lab., S to w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Arnica alpina (L.) Olin subsp. angustifolia (Vahl) Maguire] - nom. illeg.
		[=Arnica alpina subsp. attenuata (Greene) Maguire]
		[=Arnica alpina subsp. sornborgeri (Fernald) Maguire]
		[=Arnica angustifolia subsp. attenuata (Greene) G.W. Douglas & Ruyle-Douglas]
		[=Arnica attenuata Greene]
		[=Arnica plantaginea Pursh, and sensu Fernald 1933]
		[=Arnica sornborgeri Fernald] - type: Ramah, nLab.
		[=Arnica terrae-novae Fernald] - type: Cape St. George, wNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Arnica angustifolia ssp. angustifolia is found in turfy limestone barrens (Bouchard et al., 1991).  Labrador reports of Arnica alpina are referred to Arnica angustifolia.]
[N] 	   subsp. tomentosa (J.M. Macoun) G.W. Douglas & Ruyle-Douglas
	   woolly arnica; Fr: arnica tomenteuse.  Cordilleran disjunct; w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Arnica tomentosa J.M. Macoun]
		[=Arnica alpina (L.) Olin subsp. tomentosa (J.M. Macoun) Maguire]
		[=Arnica pulchella Fernald]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Arnica angustifolia ssp. tomentosa is found in turfy limestone barrens (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Arnica chionopappa  -  see Arnica lonchophylla]
[N]	Arnica griscomii Fernald subsp. griscomii
	Griscom's arnica; Fr: arnica de Griscom.  Boreal eNA; N to nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Arnica frigida C.A. Meyer ex Iljin subsp. griscomii (Fernald) S.R. Downie]
		[=Arnica louiseana Farr. subsp. griscomii (Fernald) Maguire]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Arnica griscomii is found in turfy limestone barrens and on limestone ledges (Bouchard et al., 1991). Nfld. reports of Arnica louiseana refer to Arnica griscomii.]
[N]	Arnica lonchophylla Greene
longleaf arnica; Fr: arnica lonchophylle.  Gulf of St. Lawrence endemic; w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Arnica chionopappa Fernald]
		[=Arnica gaspensis Fernald]
		[=Arnica lonchophylla Greene subsp. chionopappa (Fernald) Maguire]
	[Arnica louiseana  -  see Arnica griscomii and Appendix I]
	[Arnica plantaginea, Arnica sornborgeri, Arnica terrae-novae  -  see Arnica angustifolia subsp. angustifolia]
	[Arnica tomentosa  -  see Arnica angustifolia subsp. tomentosa]
	[Artemisia abrotanum  -  see Appendix II]
[N] i	Artemisia absinthium L.
	common wormwood, absinthe; Fr: armoise absinthe.  Eurasian; intr. in neNfld.
		[=Artemisia absinthium var. insipida Stechm.]
	[Artemisia borealis  -  see Artemisia campestris]
[LN]	Artemisia campestris L.

	field wormwood; Fr: armoise du Canada.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.); thr. Lab., w/nw/cNfld.; calc., serp.
		[=Artemisia borealis Pallas]
		[=Artemisia borealis subsp. purshii (Besser ex Hook.) Hultén]
		[=Artemisia borealis var. latisecta Fernald]
		[=Artemisia borealis var. purshii Besser ex Hook.]
		[=Artemisia campestris subsp. borealis (Pallas) H.M. Hall & Clements]
		[=Artemisia campestris subsp. canadensis (Michx.) Scoggan]
		[=Artemisia campestris var. borealis (Pallas) M.Peck]
		[=Artemisia campestris var. canadensis (Michx.) S.L. Welsh]
		[=Artemisia campestris var. purshii (Besser ex Hook.) Cronquist]
		[=Artemisia canadensis Michx.]
		[=Artemisia groenlandica Wormsk.]
[N] e	Artemisia lactiflora Wallich
	white mugwort; Fr: armoise à fleurs blanches.  Asiatic; intr. in eNfld.
		[Reported from St. John’s by Titford & Titford (1995, photo); not relocated.]
[N] i	Artemisia stelleriana Besser
	dusty miller, beach wormwood; Fr: armoise de Steller.  Asiatic; intr. in swNfld.
[N] i	Artemisia vulgaris L. var. vulgaris
	common mugwort; Fr: armoise vulgaire.  European; intr. in w/eNfld.
	[Aster acuminatus  -  see Oclemena acuminata]
	[Aster a(d)scendens  -  see Symphyotrichum novi-belgii notes and Appendix I, Symphyotrichum ascendens]
	[Aster Xblakei  -  see Aster radula notes and Appendix I, Oclemena Xblakei]
	[Aster ciliolatus  -  see Symphyotrichum ciliolatum]
	[Aster foliaceus  - see Symphyotrichum novi-belgii notes and Appendix I, Symphyotrichum foliaceum]
	[Aster gracilis  -  see Appendix I, Eurybia compacta]
	[Aster johannensis  -  see Symphyotrichum novi-belgii ] 
	[Aster lanceolatus  -  see Symphyotrichum lanceolatum]
	[Aster linariifolius  -  see Appendix I, Ionactis linariifolius]
	[Aster macrophyllus  -  see Appendix I]
	[Aster nemoralis  -  see Oclemena nemoralis]
	[Aster novae-angliae  -  see Appendix I, Symphyotrichum novae-angliae]
	[Aster novi-belgii  -  see Symphyotrichum novi-belgii]
	[Aster novi-belgii var. crenifolius and var. villicaulis  -  see Appendix I, Symphyotrichum novi-belgii vars.]
	[Aster novi-belgii var. tardiflorus  -  see Appendix I, Symphyotrichum Xtardiflorum]
	[Aster puniceus  -  see Symphyotrichum puniceum]
[LN]	Aster radula Solander in Aiton
	rough aster; Fr: aster rude.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Nain).
		[=Eurybia radula (Solander in Aiton) G.L. Nesom]
		[=Aster radula var. strictus (Pursh) A. Gray]
		[=Aster strictus Pursh, non Poir.]
	     	[Nfld. reports of Oclemena (Aster) Xblakei (Porter) G.L. Nesom are referred to Aster radula Aiton (Brouillet et al., 1998).]
	[Aster simplex  -  see Symphyotrichum lanceolatum]
	[Aster subgeminatus  -  see Symphyotrichum ciliolatum]
	[Aster subspicatus, Aster tradescantii  -  see Appendix I, Symphyotrichum subspicatum, S. tradescantii]
	[Aster umbellatus  -  see Doellingeria umbellata]

[N] i	Bellis perennis L.
	English daisy; Fr: pâquerette vivace.  Eurasian; intr. in w/nw/eNfld.
[N]	Bidens frondosus L.
	devil’s beggarticks; Fr: bident feuillu. Temp. NA (disj.); w/s/c/eNfld.
		[=Bidens frondosus var. stenodontus Fernald & H. St. John]
		[Nfld. reports of Bidens tripartita L. are been referred to Bidens frondosa.]
	[Bidens tripartitus  -  see Bidens frondosa notes and Appendix I]
	[Calendula officinalis  -  see Appendix II]
[N] i	Carduus nutans L.
	musk thistle; Fr: chardon penché.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
[N] i	Centaurea cyanus L.
	cornflower, bachelor button; Fr: centaurée bleuet.  European; intr. in w/eNfld.
		[=Cyanus arvensis Moench]
[N] i	Centaurea montana L.
	mountain bluet; Fr: centaurée des montagnes.  European; intr. in w/eNfld.
		[=Cyanus montanus (L.) Baumg.]
[N] i	Centaurea nigra L.
	black knapweed; Fr: centaurée noire.  European; intr. in w/nw/wNfld.
		[=Centaurea consimilis sensu Piper & Beattie]
		[=Centaurea jacea L. var. nigra (L.) Briq.]
		[=Centaurea nigra var. radiata DC.]
		[=Jacea communis Delarbre]
	[Centaurea nigrescens, Centaurea scabiosa  -  see Appendix I]
	[Centaurea pratensis  -  see Appendix I, Centaurea debeauxii]
	[Chamomilla recutita  -  see Matricaria recutita]
	[Chamomilla suaveolens  -  see Matricaria discoidea]
	[Chrysanthemum leucanthemum  -  see Leucanthemum vulgare]
[N] e	Chrysanthemum segetum L.
	corn marigold, yellow oxeye; Fr: chrysanthème des moissons.  Eurasian.
[LN] i	Cichorium intybus L.
	wild chicory, blue sailors; Fr: chicorée sauvage.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/eNfld.
[N] i	Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
	Canada thistle; Fr: chardon des champs.  Eurasian; intr. in w/nw/c/eNfld.
		[=Serratula arvensis L.]
		[=Cirsium arvense forma albiflorum (Rand & Redfield) R. Hoffm.]
		[=Cirsium arvense var. horridum Wimm. & Grab.]
[LN]	Cirsium muticum Michx.
	swamp thistle; Fr: chardon mutique.  Temp. eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Carduus muticus (Michx.) Pers. var. subpinnatifidus Britton]
		[=Cirsium muticum forma lactiflorum Fernald]
		[=Cirsium muticum forma subpinnatifidum (Britton) Fernald]
		[=Cirsium muticum var. monticolum Fernald]
[N] i	Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop.
	marsh thistle; Fr: chardon des marais.  Eurasian; intr. in wNfld.
		[=Carduus palustris L.]
[N] i	Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore
	bull thistle, common thistle; Fr: chardon vulgaire.  Eurasian; intr. in w/ne/eNfld.
		[=Carduus vulgaris Savi]
		[=Carduus lanceolatus L.]
		[=Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) Scop., non Hill]
[N] e	Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist
	horseweed; Fr: vergerette du Canada.  Temp.-Boreal NA; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Erigeron canadensis L.]
		[Formerly known from SPM; a new Nfld. report from MUN campus (at base of newly planted tree) and Murray's Nursery, Portugal Cove, by H. Clase, 1997 (NFM); no evidence of plants persisting.]
[N] e	Crepis biennis L.
	rough hawk's beard; Fr: crépis bisannuel.  European; intr. in wNfld.
[Crepis biennis has not been reported since the 1930 collection (GH) detailed in Scoggan (1978).]
[LN]	Crepis nana Richardson subsp. nana
dwarf hawk's beard; Fr: crépis nain.  Arctic-alpine NA & Asia, S to nLab. (Cape Mugford), nwNfld.; calc.
		[Classified as historically present (SH) in Bouchard et al. (1991), Crepis nana was relocated at Burnt Cape, nwNfld., in 1994 (Meades, 1994a, 1996a).  The only known Nfld. population is now protected within Burnt Cape Ecological Reserve; its scarcity status will be reevaluated.]
	[Crepis nicaeensis  -  see Appendix I]
[LN] i 	Crepis tectorum L.
	narrowleaf hawksbeard; Fr: crépis des toits. Eurasian; intr. in wNfld., w/cLab.
		[The first verified NF reports of Crepis tectorum are from Pasadena, wNfld. (SWGC), and Goose Bay & Labrador City, Lab. (SWGC), reported by H. Mann & M. Collins, 1998.  Though originating from hydroseeding, Crepis tectorum now appears to be well established in Labrador, H. Mann, pers. comm.; however, it is considered ephemeral in Nfld. The Nfld. report is of a single Crepis tectorum plant (collected) from a newly hydroseeded roadbank (H. Mann, pers. comm.).]
	[Dimorphotheca  -  see Appendix II, Osteospermum]
[N]	Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) Nees var. umbellata
	flattop white aster; Fr: aster à ombelles.  Temp. eNA; N thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Aster umbellatus Mill.]
		[=Aster umbellatus forma intercedens Fernald] - type: Bonne Bay, wNfld.
		[Labrador reports of Doellingeria umbellata are unverified.]
	[Doronicum orientale  -  see Appendix II]
	[Erechtites hieraciifolia  -  see Appendix I]
	[Erigeron acris var. elatus  -  see Erigeron elatus]
[L]	Erigeron acris L. subsp. politus (Fries) Schinz & R. Keller
	bitter fleabane, northern daisy; Fr: vergerette âcre.  Circumboreal (disj.); N to nLab. (Okak).
		[=Erigeron politus Fries]
		[=Erigeron acris var. asteroides (Andrz. ex Besser) DC.]
		[=Erigeron acris var. kamtschatica (DC.) Hardin]
		[=Erigeron angulosus Gaudin]
		[=Erigeron angulosus var. kamtschatica (DC.) H. Hara, sensu Hultén, 1968]
		[=Erigeron asteroides Andrz. ex Besser]
		[=Erigeron elongatus Ledeb.]
		[=Trimorpha acris (L.) G.L. Nesom var. asteroides (Andrz. ex Besser) G.L. Nesom ] 
	[Erigeron angulosus  -  see Erigeron acris subsp. politus]
[N] i	Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.
	daisy fleabane, annual fleabane; Fr: vergerette annuelle.  Temp. NA; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Aster annuus L.]
		[=Stenactis annua (L.) Nees]
[N]	Erigeron compositus Pursh
	cutleaf fleabane; Fr: vergerette à feuilles segmentées.  Arctic-alpine NA (disjunct); S to wNfld.; calc.
		[=Erigeron compositus var. discoideus A. Gray]
		[=Erigeron compositus var. glabratus Macoun]
		[Considered very rare in Nfld., Erigeron compositus is known from only one location at the base of a limestone scree slope in wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Erigeron elatus (Hook.) Greene
	angular fleabane; Fr: vergerette élevée.  Cordilleran disjunct; nNfld., N to sLab.; calc.
		[=Erigeron alpinus L. var. elatus Hook.]
		[=Erigeron acris var. elatus (Hook.) Cronquist]
		[=Erigeron acris var. oligocephalus Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Erigeron elatus var. oligocephalus (Fernald & Wiegand) Fernald]
		[=Trimorpha elata (Hook.) G.L. Nesom]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Erigeron elatus was reported from Quirpon Harbour, nwNfld., in Bouchard et al. (1991); it has since been located in an old limestone quarry, Cobb's Arm, neNfld., 1995 (NFM), and H. Mann reports 5 collections (SWGC) of Erigeron elatus by I.J. Green from the Straits area in nwNfld, 1981-1982.  The first verified Labrador records are reported by the Rare Plant Group (NFRPP) from L'Anse au Clair and L'Anse au Loup, sLab., 1999 (MT).]
[L]	Erigeron eriocephalus J.Vahl. in Hornem.
oneflowered fleabane; Fr: vergerette à capitules laineux.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.), N to n-most Lab.
		[=Erigeron uniflorus L. subsp. eriocephalus (J. Vahl) Cronquist]
		[=Erigeron uniflorus var. eriocephalus (J. Vahl) B. Boivin]
[L]	Erigeron humilis Graham
	low fleabane, arctic-alpine fleabane; Fr: vergerette humble.  Arctic-alpine NA & eAsia; S to cLab.
		[=Erigeron pulchellum var. unalaschkense DC.]
		[=Erigeron unalaschkensis (DC.) Vierh.]
		[=Erigeron uniflorus L. var. unalaschkensis (DC.) Ostenf.]
[N]	Erigeron hyssopifolius Michx.
	hyssopleaf fleabane; Fr: vergerette à feuilles d’hysope.  Boreal NA; w/n/s/cNfld. (not known from eNfld.)
		[=Erigeron hyssopifolius var. villicaulis Fernald] - type: Table Mt., Port au Port, wNfld.
[N] i	Erigeron philadelphicus L. var. philadelphicus
	Philadelphia fleabane; Fr: vergerette de Philadelphie.  Temp.-Boreal NA; intr. in wNfld.	
[N] i	Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd.
	rough fleabane, whitetop; Fr: vergerette hispide, vergerette rude.  Temp. NA; intr. in w/c/ne/eNfld.
		[=Doronicum ramosum Walter]
		[=Erigeron ramosus (Walter) B.S.P.]
		[=Erigeron ramosus var. septentrionalis Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Erigeron strigosus subsp. septentrionalis (Fernald & Wiegand) Wagenitz]
		[=Erigeron strigosus var. septentrionalis (Fernald & Wiegand) Fernald]
		[=Stenactis annua Cass. subsp. septentrionalis (Fernald & Wiegand) Á. & D. Löve] 
		[=Stenactis ramosus (Walter) Britton]
		[=Stenactis strigosa (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC.]
		[=Stenactis strigosa var. septentrionalis (Fernald & Wiegand) J. Duvign. & Lambinon]    
[N]	Eupatorium maculatum  L. subsp. maculatum var. maculatum
	spotted Joe-Pye weed; Fr: eupatoire maculée.  Temp. NA; thr. Nfld.
		[=Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (L.) R.M. King & H. Robinson]
		[=Eupatorium maculatum forma faxonii Fernald]
		[=Eupatorium purpureum L. ssp. maculatum (L.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Eupatorium purpureum var. maculatum (L.) Darl. 1837, non Voss in Vilmorin 1894]
		[NF reports of Eupatorium purpureum L. are referred to Eupatorium maculatum.  A recent paper by E.E. Lamont (1995) states that only Eupatorium maculatum var. maculatum occurs in Nfld.]
	[Eupatorium maculatum var. foliosum  -  see Appendix I]
	[Eupatorium purpureum  - see Eupatorium maculatum subsp. maculatum notes and Appendix I]
[N]	Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt.
	grassleaf goldenrod; Fr: verge d’or à feuilles de graminée.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld. (except nw).
	     var. graminifolia
		[=Chrysocoma graminifolia L.]
		[=Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb.]
		[=Solidago graminifolia var. major (Michx.) Fernald]
		[=Solidago lanceolata L.]
		[=Solidago lanceolata var. major Michx.]
	     var. nuttallii (Greene) W. Stone
		[=Euthamia nuttallii Greene]
		[=Solidago graminifolia var. nuttallii (Greene) Fernald]
		[A report of the southeastern Euthamia caroliniana (as Solidago tenuifolia) from eNfld. by Titford & Titford (1995) is referred to Euthamia graminifolia.]
	[Euthamia tenuifolia  -  see Euthamia graminifolia notes and Appendix I, Euthamia caroliniana]
	[Filaginella uliginosa  -  see Gnaphalium uliginosum]
[N] e	Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S.F. Blake
	hairy galinsoga, quickweed; Fr: galinsoga cilié.  Central and South American; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Galinsoga quadripartita Ruiz, Lopez, & Pavón]
		[A specimen of Galinsoga ciliata was collected from weeds growing on discarded potting soil from Holland Nurseries (NFM); only a single plant was found (H. Clase, pers. comm., 1998).]
[LN]	Gnaphalium norvegicum Gunnerus
	Norwegian cudweed; Fr: gnaphale de Norvège. Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; nLab. (Ramah), S to w/nwNfld.
		[=Omalotheca norvegica (Gunnerus) Sch. Bip. & F.W. Schultz]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Gnaphalium norvegicum is known from alpine snowbeds and barrens in the Long Range Mts. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Gnaphalium supinum L.
	dwarf cudweed, alpine cudweed; Fr: gnaphale naine.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; nLab., S to wNfld.
		[=Omalotheca supina (L.) DC.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Gnaphalium supinum is known from alpine snowbeds on Gros Morne (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N] 	Gnaphalium sylvaticum L.
	woodland cudweed, heath cudweed; Fr: gnaphale des bois.  Temp. eNA, wEurasia; N to w/eNfld.
		[=Omalotheca sylvatica (L.) Sch. Bip. & F.W. Schultz] 
[N] i	Gnaphalium uliginosum L.
	marsh cudweed, low cudweed; Fr: gnaphale des vases.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld.
		[=Filaginella uliginosa (L.) Opiz]
	[Grindelia squarrosa  -  see Appendix I]
	[Helianthus annuus  -  see Appendix I]
[N] i	Helianthus giganteus L.
	giant sunflower; Fr: hélianthe géant.  Temp. c/eNA; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Helianthus borealis E.Watson]
		[=Helianthus giganteus var. subtuberosus Britton]
		[=Helianthus nuttallii Torr. & Gray var. subtuberosus (Britton) B. Boivin]
		[=Helianthus subrhomboideus Rydb.]
		[=Helianthus subtuberosus (Britton) Britton]
		[A collection of Helianthus giganteus (reported as Helianthus nuttallii var. subtuberosus in Rouleau  1978) is reported from Topsail Road, St. John’s, Nfld. (GH) (Scoggan 1978). Recently, Titford & Titford (1995) reported Helianthus nuttallii (likely var. subtuberosus) naturalized NE of St. John's.]
[N] i	Helianthus Xlaetiflorus Pers. (pro. sp.) (pauciflorus X tuberosus)
	showy sunflower; Fr: hélianthe à belles fleurs.  Temp. NA; intr. in w/eNfld.
		[=Helianthus scaberrimus Elliott]
		[Nfld. reports include specimen from Deer Lake, wNfld., I.J. Green (SWGC), 1983, and near Bauline, eNfld., J.E. Maunder (NFM), 1978.]
	[Helianthus nuttallii  -  see Helianthus giganteus]
[N] i	Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet
	false sunflower, oxeye; Fr: héliopsis scabre.  Temp. NA (disj.); intr. in eNfld.
		[=Buphthalum helianthoides L.]
		[=Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra (Dunal) Fernald]
		[=Heliopsis scabra Dunal]
[N] i	Hieracium aurantiacum L.
devil's paintbrush, orange hawkweed; Fr: épervière orangée, marguerite rouge.  European; intr. in w/c/ne/eNfld.
		[=Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip.]
		[Labrador reports of Hieracium aurantiacum are unconfirmed.]

[N] i	Hieracium caespitosum Dumort. subsp. caespitosum
	king devil, field hawkweed; Fr: épervière des prés.  European; intr. in w/c/ne/eNfld.
		[=Hieracium pratense Tausch]
	[Hieracium canadense  -  see Hieracium kalmii]
	[Hieracium Xfernaldii  -  see Hieracium kalmii]
[N] i	Hieracium Xfloribundum Wimm. & Grab. (pro sp.) (caespitosum X lactucella)
	pale hawkweed, yellow devil; Fr: épervière à fleurs nombreuses.  European; intr. in w/nw/c/eNfld.
[LN]	Hieracium groenlandicum Arvet-Touvet
Greenland hawkweed; Fr: épervière du Groenland.  Gulf of St. Lawrence & Greenland; nwNfld., N in coastal Lab. from Davis Inlet, disj. in seLab.
		[=Hieracium plicatum Lindeb. subsp. groenlandicum (Arvet-Touvet) Zahn]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Hieracium groenlandicum is known from calcareous habitats on the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Hieracium kalmii L.
	Kalm's hawkweed; Fr: épervière de Kalm.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Hieracium canadense Michx.]
		[=Hieracium canadense var. hirtiramenum Fernald] - type: Newfoundland.
		[=Hieracium canadense var. kalmii (L.) Scoggan]
		[=Hieracium Xfernaldii Lepage (kalmii [canadense] x scabrum)]
		[=Hieracium kalmii var. canadense (Michx.) Reveal]
		[=Hieracium umbellatum L. var. canadense (Michx.) Breitung]
		[Lepage's Hieracium Xfernaldii is described as a hybrid of H. kalmii (canadense) X scabraum and he lists Fernald's Nfld. specimens of Hieracium canadense var. hirtiramenum in synonymy (Lepage 1960).  Since one of the reported parents, Hieracium scabrum, does not occur in Nfld., the identity of this taxon is questionable and so we have decided to place it in synonymy with Hieracium kalmii.]
[LN] i	Hieracium lachenalii C.C. Gmel.
	common hawkweed; Fr: épervière vulgaire.  European; intr. in w/eNfld., N to Ramah, nLab.
		[=Hieracium vulgatum Fries]
	[Hieracium Xmarianum  -  see Leontodon autumnalis notes and Appendix I]
[N] i	Hieracium murorum L.
	golden lungwort; Fr: épervière des murs.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[MT has two specimens of Hieracium murorum from the Avalon Peninsula.]
[N] i	Hieracium pilosella L.
	mouseear hawkweed; Fr: épervière piloselle, oreille de souris.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld.
[N] i	Hieracium piloselloides Villars
smooth hawkweed, king devil; Fr: épervière des Florentins, épervière fausse-piloselle. European; intr. in w/nNfld.
		[=Hieracium florentinum All.]
[L] 	Hieracium plicatum Lindeb.
	boreal hawkweed; Fr: épervière plissée.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; S to nLab.
[N] i	Hieracium praealtum Villars ex Gochnat var. decipiens W.D.J. Koch
	tall hawkweed, king devil; Fr: épervière trompeuse.  European; intr. in cNfld.
[N]	Hieracium robinsonii (Zahn) Fernald
	Robinson's hawkweed; Fr: épervière de Robinson.  Boreal eNA; N to eNfld.
		[=Hieracium smolandicum Almq. ex Dahlst. subsp. robinsonii Zahn]
		[=Hieracium ungavense Lepage]
		[Type of Hieracium robinsonii (Zahn) Fernald: Holyrood, South Arm River, eNfld.]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Hieracium robinsonii is known from only 2 locations on the Avalon Peninsula; it was last collected in 1911 (Bouchard et al., 1991).] 
[L?]	Hieracium scabriusculum Schwein.
	leafy hawkweed; Fr: épervière en ombelle.  Boreal NA; ?Lab.
		[=Hieracium umbellatum auct. non L.]
		[Labrador reports of Hieracium umbellatum L. may refer to Hieracium kalmii L.]
	[Hieracium scabrum  -  see Appendix I]
	[Hieracium umbellatum  -  see Hieracium scabriusculum]
[N] i	Hypochaeris radicata L.
	hairy cat’s ear; Fr: porcelle enracinée.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld.
	[Inula helenium  -  see Appendix I]
	[Krigia dandelion  -  see Taraxacum officinale notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fernald
	tall blue lettuce, biennial lettuce; Fr: laitue bisannuelle.  Boreal NA; w/n/s/cNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Sonchus biennis Moench]
		[=Lactuca spicata auct. non (Lam.) Hitchc.]
		[=Lactuca terrae-novae Fernald] - type: Barr'd Harbour Hill, Highlands of St. John, nwNfld.
	[Lactuca hirsuta  -  see Appendix I]
	[Lactuca sativa  -  see Appendix II]
	[Lactuca terrae-novae  -  see Lactuca biennis]
[N] i	Lapsana communis L.
	nipplewort; Fr: lapsane commune, herbe aux mamelles.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld.
[LN] i	Leontodon autumnalis L.
	fall dandelion; Fr: liondent d'automne.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Apargia pratensis Link]
		[=Leontodon autumnalis subsp. pratensis (Link) Arcang.]
		[=Leontodon autumnalis var. pratensis (Link) W.D.J. Koch]
		[Hieracium Xmarianum, a hybrid of two temperate eNA species that extends into Canada only as far north as Ontario, is reported from eNfld. by Titford & Titford, 1995; this report is referred to Leontodon autumnalis.]
[LN] i	Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.
	oxeye daisy; Fr: marguerite blanche, chrysanthème leucanthème. Eurasian (diploid); intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.]
		[=Chrysanthemum leucanthemum var. pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte]
		[The triploid race of oxeye daisy, Leucanthemum ircutianum (Turcz.) DC. (=Chrysanthemum ircutianum Turcz.), may occur in Nfld. and Labrador, but NF specimens have not been examined yet.]
	[Madia sativa  -  see Appendix I]
[LN] i	Matricaria discoidea DC.
	pineappleweed, rayless chamomile; Fr: matricaire odorante.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Artemisia matricarioides auct. non Lessing]
		[=Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb.]
		[=Matricaria matricarioides auct. non (Lessing) Porter]
		[=Matricaria suaveolens (Pursh) Buchenau, non L.]
		[=Santolina suaveolens Pursh]
[N] i	Matricaria recutita L.
	wild chamomile; Fr: matricaire camomille, petite chamomille.  Eurasian; intr. in ne/eNfld.
		[=Chamomilla chamomilla (L.) Rydb.]
		[=Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert]
		[=Matricaria chamomilla L. 1755 & 1763, non 1753] 
		[=Matricaria chamomilla var. coronata (J. Gay) Coss. & Germ.]
		[=Matricaria coronata J. Gay]
		[=Matricaria suaveolens L.]
[N]	Oclemena acuminata (Michx.) Greene
	sharpleaf aster, whorled wood aster; Fr: aster acuminé.  Temp. eNA; N to wNfld.
		[Aster acuminatus Michx.] 
[Previously classified as historically present in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Aster acuminatus), Oclemena acuminata was known from only  two collections by Fernald et al. in 1924 and 1926. It was relocated in J.P. Cheeseman Provincial Park by the NFRPP in 2000.  NF reports of Ionactis (Aster) linariifolius are referred to Oclemena nemoralis.]
[LN]	Oclemena nemoralis (Solander ex Aiton) Greene
	bog aster; Fr: aster des bois.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay).
		[=Aster nemoralis Solander ex Aiton]
	[Omalotheca  -  see Gnaphalium]
[N] e	Onopordum acanthium L.
	Scotch thistle; Fr: onoporde acanthe.  Eurasian.
[LN]	Packera aurea (L.) Á. & D. Löve
	golden ragwort, swamp squawweed; Fr: séneçon doré.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld.
		[=Senecio aureus L.]
		[=Senecio aureus var. aquilonius Fernald]
		[First verified Lab. reports of Packera aurea are from Churchill Falls, wLab., O. Olsen, 1972 (NFM).]
[N]	Packera cymbalaria (Pursh) W.A. Weber & Á. Löve
	dwarf arctic ragwort; Fr: séneçon cymbalaire.  Amphi-Beringian disjunct; wNfld.
		[=Senecio cymbalaria Pursh]
		[=Senecio fernaldii Greenm.]
		[=Senecio resedifolius Lessing]
		[=Senecio resedifolius forma columbiensis (A. Gray) Fernald]
		[=Senecio resedifolius var. columbiensis A. Gray]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Packera cymbalaria is known from limestone barrens in wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Senecio cymbalaria).]
[L]	Packera indecora (Greene) Á. & D. Löve
	rayless mountain ragwort; Fr: séneçon sans rayons.  Boreal NA; N from cLab to nLab.
		[=Senecio indecorus Greene]
		[=Senecio pauciflorus Pursh subsp. fallax Greenm.]
		[=Senecio pauciflorus var. fallax (Greenm.) Greenm.]
[LN]	Packera pauciflora (Pursh) Á. & D. Löve
alpine ragwort; Fr: séneçon pauciflore.  Boreal NA; nwNfld., N to nLab. (Komaktorvik Fjord).
		[=Senecio pauciflorus Pursh]
		[=Senecio aureus L. var. discoideus Hook.]
		[=Senecio discoideus (Hook.) Britton]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Packera pauciflora is known from calcareous sites on the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Senecio pauciflorus).]
[LN]	Packera paupercula (Michx.) Á. & D. Löve
	balsam ragwort, balsam groundsel; Fr: séneçon appauvri.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to wLab. (Carol Lake).
		[=Senecio pauperculus Michx.]
		[=Senecio balsamitae Muhl. ex Willd.]
		[=Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius Greenm.]
		[=Senecio gaspensis Greenm.]
		[=Senecio gaspensis var. firmifolius (Greenm.) Fernald] 
		[=Senecio pauperculus var. balsamitae (Muhl. ex Willd.) Fernald]
		[=Senecio pauperculus var. firmifolius (Greenm.) Greenm.]
	[Packera pseudaurea var. semicordata  -  see Appendix I]
	Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries
	arctic sweet coltsfoot; Fr: pétasite palmé.  Boreal NA & eAsia.
		[Basionym of Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries: Tussilago frigidus L.]
[LN]	     var. palmatus (W.T. Aiton) Cronquist
	     arctic sweet coltsfoot; Fr: pétasite palmé.  Boreal NA & eAsia; w/n/cNfld., N to nLab. (Hebron). 
		[=Tussilago palmata W.T. Aiton] - type: Croque, nwNfld.
		[=Nardosmia frigida (L.) Hook. var. palmata (W.T. Aiton) Herder]
		[=Nardosmia palmata (W.T. Aiton) Hook.]
		[=Petasites arcticus A.E. Porsild]
		[=Petasites frigidus subsp. arcticus (A.E. Porsild) Cody]
		[=Petasites frigidus subsp. palmatus (W.T. Aiton) Cody]
		[=Petasites palmatus (W.T. Aiton) A. Gray]  
[L]	     var. sagittatus (Banks ex Pursh) D.M. Cherniawsky
	     arrowleaf sweet coltsfoot; Fr: pétasite sagitté.  Boreal NA; cLab. (Makkovik), N to n-most Lab.
		[=Tussilago sagittata Banks ex Pursh]
		[=Nardosmia sagittata (Banks ex Pursh) Hook.]
		[=Petasites sagittatus (Banks ex Pursh) A. Gray]
[L]	     var. xvitifolius (Greene) D.M. Cherniawsky (pro sp.) (frigidus var. palmatus x var. sagittatus)
	     grapeleaf sweet coltsfoot; Fr: pétasite à feuilles de vigne.  Boreal NA; N to nLab. (Kangalaksiorvik: GH).
		[=Petasites vitifolius Greene]
		[=Petasites nivalis Greene spp. vitifolius (Greene) J. Toman]
		[=Petasites trigonophyllus Greene]

	[Petasites palmatus  -  see Petasites frigidus var. palmatus]
	[Petasites sagittatus  -  see Petasites frigidus var. sagittatus]
	[Petasites Xvitifolius  -  see Petasites frigidus var. Xvitifolius]
	[Prenanthes alba  -  see Prenanthes trifolialata notes and Appendix I]
[L?N]	Prenanthes racemosa Michx. var. racemosa
	rattlesnakeroot, glaucous white lettuce; Fr: prenanthe à grappe.  Boreal NA; N to wNfld.
		[=Nabalus racemosus (Michx.) DC.]
		[Labrador reports of Prenanthes racemosa probably refer to the Cote-Nord, Lab.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Prenanthes racemosa is known from only one Nfld. site: Wild Cove, wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Prenanthes trifoliolata (Cass.) Fernald
	tall rattlesnakeroot, gall-of-the-earth; Fr: prenanthe trifoliolée.  Temp. eNA; thr. Nfld., N to sLab. (Forteau).
		[=Nabalus trifoliolatus Cass.]
		[=Nabalus nanus (Bigelow) DC.]
		[=Prenanthes alba L. var. nana Bigelow]
		[=Prenanthes nana (Bigelow) Torr.] 
		[=Prenanthes trifoliolata (Cass.) Fernald var. nana (Bigelow) Fernald]
		[The report of Prenanthes alba from cNfld. by Titford & Titford (1995) is referred to P. trifoliolata.]
[N] i	Rudbeckia hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw.
	blackeyed Susan, hairy coneflower; Fr: rudbeckie hérissée, marguerite jaune. Temp. cUS; intr. in w/c/ne/eNfld.
		[=Rudbeckia hirta var. serotina (Nutt.) Core]
		[=Rudbeckia serotina Nutt.]
	[Senecio aureus  -  see Packera aurea]
[L]	Senecio congestus (R.Br. ex Parry) DC.
	marsh ragwort, marsh groundsel; Fr: séneçon des marais.  Circumpolar, N to nLab. (Indian Harbour).
		[=Cineraria congesta R.Br. ex Parry]
		[=Cineraria palustris (L.) L.]
		[=Othonna palustris L.]
		[=Senecio congestus var. palustris (L.) Fernald]
		[=Senecio palustris (L.) Hook., non Vell.]
		[=Senecio palustris var. congestus (R.Br. ex Parry) Hook.]
	[Senecio gaspensis  -  see Packera paupercula]
	[Senecio indecorus  -  see Packera indecora]
[N] i	Senecio jacobaea L.
	tansy ragwort, stinking willie; Fr: séneçon jacobée.  Eurasian; intr. in sw/nw/eNfld.
	[Senecio pauciflorus  -  see Packera pauciflora]
	[Senecio pauperculus  -  see Packera paupercula]
	[Senecio pseudaureus var. semicordatus  -  see Packera pseudaurea var. semicordata, Appendix I]
[LN]	Senecio pseudoarnica Lessing
seabeach groundsel, false arnica; Fr: séneçon fausse-arnica, roi des champs.  Coastal amphi-Beringian & eNA; thr. coastal Nfld., N to cLab. (Windy Tickle); hal.
		[=Arnica maritima L.]
	[Senecio resedifolius  -  see Packera cymbalaria]
[N] i	Senecio sylvaticus L.
	woodland ragwort, heath groundsel; Fr: séneçon des bois.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/ne/eNfld.
[N] i	Senecio viscosus L.
	sticky ragwort or groundsel; Fr: séneçon visqueux.  Eurasian; intr. in c/eNfld.
[LN] i	Senecio vulgaris L.
	common ragwort or groundsel; Fr: séneçon vulgaire.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Hopedale).
	[Solidago altissima - see Solidago canadensis notes and Appendix I, Solidago altissima var. gilvocanescens]
[N]	Solidago Xasperula Desf. (pro sp.) (rugosa X sempervirens) 
	hybrid goldenrod; Fr: verge d’or hybride.  Coastal neNA; N to wNfld.
[N]	Solidago Xbartramiana Fernald (pro sp.) (canadensis X uliginosa)
	Bartram’s goldenrod; Fr: verge d’or de Bartram.  Reported from Exploits River, cNfld.

		[=Solidago canadensis L. var. bartramiana (Fernald) Beaudry]
		[Type of Solidago Xbartramiana Fernald: Grand Falls, cNfld.]
		[J.C. Semple, the authority we have followed, indicates that the type specimen of Solidago Xbartramiana at Gray Herbarium looks like a possible cross between S. canadensis and uliginosa.]
[N]	Solidago Xcalcicola (Fernald) Fernald (hispida X macrophylla)
	limestone goldenrod; Fr: verge d’or calcicole.  Temp. eNA; N to w/cNfld.
		[=Solidago virgaurea L. var. calcicola Fernald]-
[LN]	Solidago canadensis L. var. canadensis
	Canada goldenrod; Fr: verge d’or du Canada.  Boreal NA; w/n/cNfld., N to cLab.
		[NF reports of Solidago altissima and S. canadensis var. gilvocanescens are referred to Solidago canadensis var. canadensis.  Glabrous plants of Solidago canadensis exist as a local rarity, but more work on these plants is needed to determine their correct placement (J.C. Semple, 6/2000).]
	[Solidago canadensis var. gilvocanescens - see Solidago canadensis notes and Appendix I, Solidago altissima]
	[Solidago cutleri  -  see Solidago multiradiata notes and Appendix I]
	[Solidago elliottii  -  see Solidago rugosa notes and Appendix I, Solidago latissimifolia]
	[Solidago graminifolia  -  see Euthamia graminifolia]
[N]	Solidago hispida Muhl. ex Willd.
	hairy goldenrod; Fr: verge d’or hispide.  nTemp.-Boreal eNA; w/n/cNfld.; calc.
		[=Solidago bicolor L. var. concolor Torr. & Gray]
		[=Solidago bicolor var. hispida (Muhl. ex Willd.) B.S.P.]
		[=Solidago hispida var. arnoglossa Fernald] - type: Bonne Bay, wNfld.
		[=Solidago hispida var. disjuncta Fernald] - type: Humber, wNfld.
		[=Solidago hispida var. lanata (Hook.) Fernald]
		[=Solidago hispida var. tonsa Fernald] - type: Blomidon Mt., wNfld.
		[=Solidago lanata Hook.]
		[Several varieties of Solidago hispida have been described and reported by Fernald from Nfld. They have been put into synonymy here until further study has been done on this group.  Semple et al. (1999) describes the varieties of Solidago hispida as weakly defined; var. lanata has densely woolly stems and leaves, and var. tonsa has hairless stems, while the pubescence on stems of var. hispida can range from sparsely to densely hairy.]
[LN]	Solidago lepida DC. var. fallax Fernald
	western goldenrod; Fr: verge d'or élégante.  Boreal NA; w/n/c/eNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Solidago canadensis var. fallax (Fernald) Beaudry] - type: Harry's River, wNfld.
		[=Solidago elongata Nutt. var. fallax (Fernald) G.N. Jones]
		[=Solidago lepida var. elongata sensu Rouleau, non Fernald]
		[Solidago lepida var. lepida, a western taxon, extends from Ontario west to BC.  NF reports of Solidago canadensis subsp. elongata are referred to Solidago lepida var. fallax.]
[LN]	Solidago macrophylla Pursh
	largeleaf goldenrod; Fr: verge d’or à grandes feuilles.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Saglek Bay).
		[=Solidago macrophylla var. thyrsoidea (E. Meyer) Fernald] 
		[=Solidago thyrsoidea E. Meyer] - type: Okak, nLab.
		[=Solidago virgaurea sensu Pursh, non L.]
[LN]	Solidago multiradiata Aiton
northern goldenrod; Fr: verge d’or à rayons nombreux.  Arctic-alpine NA; w/n/s/eNfld.; calc., serp.
		[=Solidago anticostensis Fernald]
		[=Solidago multiradiata var. arctica (DC.) Fernald]
		[=Solidago multiradiata var. parviceps Fernald]
		[=Solidago virgaurea L. var arctica DC.] - type: Labrador.
		[The NF report of Solidago cutleri Fernald by Titford & Titford (1995) is referred to S. multiradiata.]
	[Solidago purshii  -  see Solidago uliginosa]
[N]	Solidago rugosa Mill. subsp. rugosa
roughstemmed goldenrod; Fr: verge d’or rugueuse.  Temp. eNA; thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Solidago rugosa var. villosa (Pursh) Fernald]
		[=Solidago rugosa forma villosa (Pursh) Beaudry]
		[=Solidago villosa Pursh] 

		[Semple et al. (1999) states that var. villosa may be only a growth form of var. rugosa.  The NF report of Solidago elliottii Torr. & Gray, a seUS species (=Solidago latissimifolia), by Titford & Titford (1995) is referred to Solidago rugosa.]
[N]	Solidago sempervirens L. var. sempervirens
	seaside goldenrod; Fr: verge d’or toujours verte.  Coastal eNA, Great Lakes; N to w/s/neNfld.; hal.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Solidago sempervirens is found in salt marshes and brackish sites (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Solidago tenuifolia  -  see Euthamia graminifolia notes and Appendix I, Euthamia caroliniana]
[LN]	Solidago uliginosa Nutt.
	bog goldenrod; Fr: verge d’or des marais.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.; acid.
		[=Bigelovia uniligulata DC.]
		[=Solidago chrysolepis Fernald]
		[=Solidago humilis Pursh]
		[=Solidago linoides Torr. & Gray]
		[=Solidago neglecta Torr. & Gray]  
		[=Solidago purshii Porter]
		[=Solidago terrae-novae Torr. & Gray] - type: Nfld.
		[=Solidago uliginosa var. linoides (Torr. & Gray) Fernald]
		[=Solidago uliginosa var. terrae-novae (Torr. & Gray) Fernald]
		[=Solidago uniligulata (DC.) Porter]
		[=Solidago uniligulata var. terrae-novae (Torr. & Gray) Fernald]
[N] i	Sonchus arvensis L. subsp. arvensis
	field sowthistle; Fr: laiteron des champs.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/ne/eNfld.
[LN] i	Sonchus asper (L.) Hill subsp. asper
	spinyleaf sowthistle; Fr: laiteron épineux.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/eNfld.
		[=Sonchus oleraceus L. var. asper L.]
[N] i	Sonchus oleraceus L.
	common sowthistle, annual sowthistle; Fr: laiteron potager.  Eurasian; intr. in w/s/eNfld.
	[Stenactis  -  see Erigeron]
[N]	Symphyotrichum ciliolatum (Lindl. ex Hook.) Á. & D. Löve
	Lindley's aster, fringed blue aster; Fr: aster ciliolé.  Boreal NA; N to wNfld.
		[=Aster ciliolatus Lindl. ex Hook.]
		[=Aster foliaceus Lindl. ex DC. var. subgeminatus Fernald] - type: Table Mt., Port au Port, wNfld.
		[=Aster lindleyanus Torr. & Gray var. ciliatus (Lindl. ex Hook.) A. Gray]
		[=Aster subgeminatus (Fernald) B. Boivin] 
		[=Symphyotrichum subgeminatum (Fernald) G.L. Nesom]
		[The type of Aster foliaceus var. subgeminatus Fernald = Symphyotrichum ciliolatum.]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Symphyotrichum ciliolatum is known only from the type locality of Fernald's Aster foliaceus var. subgeminatus; it was last collected in 1910 (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Aster ciliolatus).]
[N]	Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) G.L. Nesom subsp. lanceolatum var. lanceolatum
	lanceleaf aster, panicled aster; Fr: aster lancéolé, aster simple.  Boreal eNA; N to wNfld.
		[=Aster lanceolatus Willd.] 
		[=Aster lanceolatus subsp. lanceolatus var. latifolius Semple & Chmiel.]
		[=Aster lanceolatus var. simplex (Willd.) A.G. Jones] 
		[=Aster paniculatus Lam. var. simplex (Willd.) E.S. Burgess] 
		[=Aster simplex Willd.] 
		[=Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) G.L. Nesom var. latifolius Semple & Chmiel.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Symphyotrichum lanceolatum is known from alder swamps and pond margins in western Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Symphyotrichum novae-angliae  -  see Symphyotrichum novi-belgii notes]
[LN]	Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L. Nesom var. novi-belgii
	New York aster; Fr: aster de la Nouvelle-Belgique.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to sLab. (disj. in cLab.).
		[=Aster novi-belgii L.]

		[=Aster adscendens sensu Fernald, non Lindl.]
		[=Aster crenifolius (Fernald) Cronquist var. arcuans (Fernald) Cronquist]
		[=Aster foliaceus sensu Fernald, non Lindl. ex DC.]
		[=Aster foliaceus var. arcuans Fernald]
		[=Aster foliaceus var. crenifolius sensu Rouleau 1978, non Fernald]
		[=Aster foliaceus var. frondosus A. Gray]
		[=Aster foliaceus var. sublinearis Griscom & Eaton]
		[=Aster johannensis Fernald]
		[=Aster johannensis var. villicaulis sensu Rouleau 1978, non (A. Gray) Fernald]
		[=Aster longifolius Lam., non Desf., non Nees]
		[=Aster novi-belgii var. johannensis (Fernald) A.G. Jones]
		[=Aster novi-belgii var. rosaceus J. Rousseau] 
		[=Symphyotrichum longifolium (Lam.) G.L. Nesom]
		[NF reports of Aster a(d)scendens Lindl. and Aster foliaceus Lindl. ex DC. are referred to Symphyotrichum novi-belgii.]
[LN]	Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) Á & D. Löve var. puniceum
	purplestem aster; Fr: aster ponceau.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Makkovik).
		[=Aster puniceus L] 
		[=Aster firmus Nees]
		[=Aster lucidulus (A. Gray) Wiegand]
		[=Aster puniceus forma lucidulus (A. Gray) Fernald]
		[=Aster puniceus var. firmus (Nees) Torr. & Gray]
		[=Aster puniceus var. lucidulus A. Gray]
		[=Aster puniceus var. oligocephalus Fernald]
		[=Symphyotrichum firmum (Nees) G.L. Nesom]
[N]	Tanacetum bipinnatum (L.) Sch. Bip. subsp. huronense (Nutt.) Breitung 1957, non S.L. Welsh 1968
	dwarf tansy, Lake Huron tansy; Fr: tanaisie du lac Huron.  Boreal NA; N to w/nwNfld.
		[=Tanacetum huronense Nutt.]
		[=Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. subsp. huronense (Nutt.) Hultén]
		[=Tanacetum huronense var. terrae-novae Fernald] - type: Ingornachoix Bay, nwNfld.
	[Tanacetum huronense  -  see Tanacetum bipinnatum subsp. huronense]
[N] e	Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip.
	common feverfew; Fr: chrysanthème matricaire, grande camomille. Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Matricaria parthenium L.]
		[=Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh.]
		[First verified Nfld. reports of Tanacetum parthenium are from St. John’s, Prince Phillip Dr.: Titford & Titford (1995, as Chrysanthemum parthenium) and J. Maunder (NFM) 1999.]
[N] i	Tanacetum vulgare L.
	common tansy, golden buttons; Fr: tanaisie vulgaire.  Eurasian; intr. in w/n/c/eNfld.
		[=Chrysanthemum vulgare (L.) Bernh.]
		[=Tanacetum vulgare forma crispum (DC.) Hayek]
		[=Tanacetum vulgare var. crispum DC.]
	[Taraxacum ambigens  -  see Taraxacum lapponicum]
	[Taraxacum arctogenum  -  see Taraxacum ceratophorum]
[LN]	Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledeb.) DC.
	horned dandelion; Fr: pissenlit corniculé.  Arctic-alpine NA, nAsia; nLab., S to w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Leontodon ceratophorum Ledeb.]
		[=Taraxacum arctogenum Dahlst.]
		[=Taraxacum lacerum Greene]
		[=Taraxacum longii Fernald] - type: HaHa Mt., Raleigh, nwNfld.
		[=Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H. Wigg. subsp. ceratophorum (Ledeb.) Schinz & Thell.]
		[=Taraxacum pseudonorvegicum Dahlst. ex G.E. Haglund]
		[=Taraxacum torngatense Fernald] - type: granite cliffs of Nachvak Bay, nLab.
	[Taraxacum lacerum  -  see Taraxacum ceratophorum]
[LN]	Taraxacum lapponicum Kihlm.
	Lapland dandelion; Fr: pissenlit de Laponie.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to sLab., w/nwNfld.
[=Taraxacum ambigens Fernald] - type: Port au Choix, nwNfld.
		[=Taraxacum ambigens var. fultius Fernald] - type: Ingornachoix Bay, nwNfld.
[N]	Taraxacum latilobum DC.
	broadlobed dandelion; Fr: pissenlit à lobes larges.  sBoreal eNA; N to w/nw/cNfld.; often calc.
		[=Leontodon latiloba (DC.) Britton]
		[Type of Taraxacum latilobum DC.: unspecified NF location; a collection by Bachelot de la Pylaie.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Taraxacum latilobum is found on turfy limestone shores (Bouchard et al., 1991). The taxonomic position of Taraxacum latilobum is uncertain.]
[N]	Taraxacum laurentianum Fernald
	Laurentian dandelion; Fr: pissenlit laurentien.  Gulf of St. Lawrence endemic; w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[Type of Taraxacum laurentianum Fernald: HaHa Bay, Raleigh, nwNfld.]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Taraxacum laurentianum is found on slaty talus (Bouchard et al., 1991).  The taxonomic position of Taraxacum laurentianum is uncertain.]
	[Taraxacum longii  -  see Taraxacum ceratophorum]
[LN]	Taraxacum lyratum (Ledeb.) DC.
	harp dandelion; Fr: pissenlit en lyre.  Arctic NA, neSiberia; S to nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Leontodon lyratus Ledeb.]
		[=Taraxacum phymatocarpum J.Vahl]
		[Taraxacum lyratum should be considered rare in Nfld., based on the classification of Taraxacum phymatocarpum as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).  It is known in Nfld. only from limestone barrens in Burnt Cape Ecological Reserve.]
[LN] i	Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H. Wigg.
	common dandelion; Fr: pissenlit officinal.  European; intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Leontodon officinale (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) With.]
		[=Leontodon taraxacum L. p.p.]
		[=Leontodon taraxacum * (var.) vulgare (Lam.) Benth.]
		[=Leontodon vulgare Lam.]
		[=Taraxacum dens-leonis Desf.]
		[=Taraxacum officinale subsp. vulgare (Lam.) Schinz & R. Keller] 
		[=Taraxacum palustre (Lyons) DC. var. vulgare (Lam.) Fernald]
		[=Taraxacum taraxacum (L.) H. Karst.] - illeg. tautonym
		[=Taraxacum vulgare (Lam.) Schrank]
		[NF reports of Taraxacum palustre (Lyons) Symons, naturalized south of our range, refer to Taraxacum officinale; the name likely persists due to Fernald's combination (above), which he synonymizes with Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H. Wigg. (Fernald 1933).  The Nfld. report of Krigia dandelion by Titford & Titford (1995) is referred to Taraxacum officinale also.]
	[Taraxacum palustre  -  see Taraxacum officinale and Appendix I]
	[Taraxacum phymatocarpum  -  see Taraxacum lyratum]
	[Taraxacum pseudonorvegicum  -  see Taraxacum ceratophorum]
	[Taraxacum torngatense  -  see Taraxacum ceratophorum]
[N] e 	Tragopogon dubius Scop.
	yellow goatsbeard, yellow salsify; Fr: salsifis jaune, salsifis majeur.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[First report in Nfld. is from near Long Pond, St. John’s, eNfld., by Titford & Titford (1995), but the site may have been destroyed to construct the new Janeway Hospital; persistence is not known.]
[N] i	Tragopogon pratensis L.
	meadow goatsbeard; Fr: salsifis des prés.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/eNfld.
	[Tripleurospermum maritimum subsp. maritimum  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Tripleurospermum maritimum (L.) W.D.J. Koch  subsp. phaeocephalum (Rupr.) Hämet-Ahti
	arctic chamomile; Fr: matricaire à capitules bruns.  Circumpolar; S to w/ne/eNfld.; hal.
		[=Matricaria inodora L. var. phaeocephala Rupr.]
		[=Chrysanthemum grandiflorum Hook.]
		[=Matricaria ambigua (Ledeb.) Krylov]
		[=Matricaria grandiflora (Hook.) Britton]
		[=Matricaria maritima L. var. nana (Hook.) B. Boivin] 
		[=Matricaria maritima subsp. phaeocephala (Rupr.) Rauschert]
		[=Pyrethrum ambiguum auct. non Ledeb.]
		[=Pyrethrum inodorum var. nanum Hook.]
		[=Tripleurospermum phaeocephalum (Rupr.) Pobed.]
[LN] i	Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip.
	scentless chamomile, corn mayweed; Fr: matricaire inodore.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Matricaria inodora L.]
		[=Chamomilla inodora (L.) Gilib.]
		[=Dibothrospermum agreste Knaf]
		[=Matricaria maritima L. subsp. inodora (L.) Soó 1940, non A.R. Clapham 1975]
		[=Matricaria maritima var. agrestis (Knaf) Wilmott] 
		[=Matricaria perforata Mérat]
		[=Tripleurospermum maritimum (L.) W.D.J. Koch  subsp. inodorum (L.) Hyl. ex Vaar.] - nom. illeg.
		[=Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) M. Laínz 1983, non Wagenitz in Hegi 1987]
	[Trimorpha  -  see Erigeron]
[N] i	Tussilago farfara L.
	coltsfoot, coughwort; Fr: pas-d’âne, tussilage pas-d’âne.  Eurasian; intr. in w/nw/s/eNfld.
  
Balsaminaceae Touch-me-not Family
[N]	Impatiens capensis Meerb.
	jewelweed, spotted touch-me-not; Fr: impatiente biflore, impatiente du Cap.  Temp.-sBoreal NA; thr. Nfld.
		[=Impatiens biflora Walter]
[N] i	Impatiens glandulifera Royle
	purple jewelweed; Fr: balsamine géante.  Asiatic; intr. in eNfld.
[N]	Impatiens pallida Nutt.
	pale jewelweed, pale touch-me-not; Fr: impatiente pâle.  Temp. NA; swNfld.; calc.
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Impatiens pallida is known from moist alluvial soils (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
  
[Berberidaceae,  Barberry Family  - see Appendix II]
  
Betulaceae  Birch Family
	[Alnus glutinosa   -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Alnus incana (L.) Moench subsp. rugosa (DuRoi) R.T. Clausen
speckled alder, tag alder; Fr: aulne rugueux.  Boreal eNA; thr Nfld. (except upper nPen.), N to cLab.
		[=Betula alnus L. (var.) rugosa DuRoi]
		[=Alnus incana var. americana Regel]
		[=Alnus rugosa (DuRoi) Spreng.]
		[=Alnus rugosa var. americana (Regel) Fernald]
		[=Alnus rugosa var. americana forma hypomalaca Fernald]
		[=Alnus rugosa var. americana forma tomophylla Fernald]
		[=Alnus rugosa var. tomophylla (Fernald) Fernald]
		[=Betula rugosa (DuRoi) Ehrh.]
		[Basionym of Alnus incana (L.) Moench: Betula alnus L. var. incana L.]
		[Alnus incana subsp. rugosa is largely absent from eNfld. (it is reported from only one site on the Avalon (St. John's area; possibly introduced?) and one site north of Port au Choix, but it is the dominant component of the Alder Swamp forest type in central Nfld. (Meades & Moores, 1989). Labrador reports of Alnus glutinosa by Schrank, 1818, are probably based on Alnus rugosa var. americana (Scoggan 1978).]
[LN]	Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. in Lam. & DC. subsp. crispa (Dryand. ex Aiton) Turrill ex Aiton
mountain alder, green alder; Fr: aulne crispé, rame (SPM).  Boreal eNA, eAsia; N thr. Nfld. & Lab.

		[=Betula crispa Dryand. ex Aiton]
		[=Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K. Koch var. crispa (Dryand. ex Aiton) H.J.P. Winkler]
		[=Alnus crispa (Dryand. ex Aiton) Pursh] 
		[=Alnus crispa forma stragula Fernald]
		[=Alnus crispa var. mollis (Fernald) Fernald]
		[=Alnus mollis Fernald]
		[=Alnus viridis var. crispa (Dryand. ex Aiton) House]
		[=Duschekia crispa (Dryand. ex Aiton) Pouzar]
		[Basionym of Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC: Betula viridis Chaix in Villars]
[N]	Betula alleghaniensis Britton
	yellow birch; Fr: bouleau jaune, merisier.  Temp. eNA; N to w/s/eNfld.
		[=Betula alleghaniensis var. macrolepis (Fernald) Brayshaw 1966, non F. Seym. 1969]
		[=Betula lutea F.Michx.] - nom. illeg.
		[=Betula lutea var. macrolepis Fernald]
		[Betula alleghaniensis var. macrolepis is sometimes called 'Newfoundland witch hazel.']
	[Betula borealis  -  see Betula pumila]
[LN]	Betula cordifolia Regel
	heartleaf birch, mountain white birch; Fr: bouleau à feuilles cordées.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Betula alba L. var. cordifolia (Regel) Fernald]
		[=Betula papyrifera Marshall var. cordifolia (Regel) Fernald]
		[Type of Betula cordifolia Regel: Newfoundland (unspecified location).]
	[Betula Xdutillyi  -  see Betula pumila]
[LN]	Betula glandulosa Michx.
	glandular birch, scrub birch; Fr: bouleau glanduleux.  Subarctic-Boreal NA; w/nw/cNfld., N thr. Lab.
		[=Betula glandulosa forma eucycla Lepage]
	[Betula Xhornei  -  see Appendix I]
	[Betula lutea  -  see Betula alleghaniensis]
[LN]	Betula michauxii Spach.
	Newfoundland dwarf birch; Fr: bouleau de Michaux.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab. (Cape Harrigan).
		[=Betula nana sensu Michx., non L.]
		[=Betula nana L. var. flabellifolia Hook.]
		[=Betula nana var. michauxii (Spach) Regel]
		[=Betula terrae-novae Fernald] - type: Blomidon Mt., wNfld.
		[Labrador reports of Betula nana L. refer to either Betula michauxii or Betula glandulosa.]
[N]	Betula michauxii X pumila 
		[This hybrid birch is reported from TNNP, neNfld. (Brouillet et al., 1997).]

[LN]	Betula minor (Tuckerman) Fernald
	dwarf white birch; Fr: bouleau mineur.  Boreal eNA; w/n/cNfld., N to cLab. (Anatolak).
		[=Betula papyracea Aiton var. minor Tuckerman]
		[=Betula borealis sensu Fernald 1950, non Spach]
		[=Betula papyrifera Marshall var. minor (Tuckerman) S.Watson & Coulter ex A. Gray]
		[=Betula pubescens Ehrh. subsp. minor (Tuckerman) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Betula saxophila Lepage] 
		[Much confusion exists about the taxonomy and probable hybrid origin of this species, see notes in FNA v3:523; also Lepage (1976).  NF reports of Betula occidentalis probably refer to Betula minor.]
	[Betula nana  -  see Betula pumila, Betula michauxii notes, and Appendix I]
	[Betula occidentalis  -  see Betula minor notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Betula papyrifera Marshall
	white birch, paper birch; Fr: bouleau à papier, bouleau blanc.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Fraser R.).
		[=Betula alba L. var. commutata Regel]
		[=Betula alba var. papyrifera (Marshall) Spach]
		[=Betula papyracea Aiton]
		[=Betula papyrifera var. commutata (Regel) Fernald]

		[=Betula papyrifera var. macrostachya Fernald]
		[=Betula papyrifera var. pensilis Fernald]
	[Betula pendula, Betula pubescens  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Betula pumila L. var. pumila
	dwarf birch, bog birch; Fr: bouleau nain boréal.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to w/nLab. (Makkovik); often calc.
		[=Betula borealis Spach]
		[=Betula Xdutillyi Lepage]
		[=Betula glandulifera (Regel) B.T. Butler]
		[=Betula glandulosa Michx. var. glandulifera (Regel) Gleason]
		[=Betula hallii Howell]
		[=Betula nana L. var. glandulifera (Regel) B. Boivin]
		[=Betula nana var. renifolia (Fernald) B. Boivin] - comb. illeg.
		[=Betula obovata Butler]
		[=Betula pubescens Ehrh. subsp. borealis (Spach) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Betula pumila forma latipes H.J.P. Winkler]
		[=Betula pumila var. borealis (Spach) Regel]
		[=Betula pumila var. glandulifera Regel]
		[=Betula pumila var. renifolia Fernald]
		[Boivin (1966), believes the type of B. borealis Spach to belong to B. pumila L. (Roland & Smith, Flora of Nova Scotia, 1969; FNA v3).]
[LN]	Betula Xsandbergii Britton (papyrifera x pumila)
	Sandberg's birch; Fr: bouleau de Sandberg.  Boreal NA; w/nwNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Betula Xberggreveana Zabel in H.J.P. Winkl.]
		[=Betula neoborealis Lepage]
		[=Betula pumila var. borealis auct. non (Spach) Regel]
		[=Betula sandbergii nm. fernaldii Lepage]
		[Lepage (1976) reports Betula Xsandbergii from Goose Bay, cLab. (DAO, TRT), and nm. fernaldii from the Blomidon Mt., wNfld. (CAN) and Batteau Barrens, nwNfld. (CAN).]
	[Betula Xsargentii  -  see Appendix I]
	[Betula saxophila  -  see Betula minor]
[N] i	Corylus avellana L.
	European hazelnut; Fr: noisetier commun.  European; intr. in eNfld. (Waterford River Valley, St. John’s)
[N]	Corylus cornuta Marshall subsp. cornuta
	beaked hazelnut; Fr: noisetier à long bec.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld. (except upper nPeninsula).
		[=Corylus rostrata Aiton]

Boraginaceae  Borage Family
	[Anchusa arvensis  -  see Appendix I]
[N] e	Borago officinalis L.
	common borage; Fr: bourrache officinale.  European; intr. in eNfld., St. Pierre & Miquelon.
[N]	Cynoglossum virginianum L. var. boreale (Fernald) Cooperr.
	northern wild comfrey; Fr: cynoglosse boréale.   Temp. NA; wNfld.
		[=Cynoglossum boreale Fernald]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale is known from only one location in wNfld.; it was last relocated in 1950 (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N] i	Echium plantagineum L.
	purple viper's bugloss; Fr: vipérine faux-plantain.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Echium lycopsis L. p.p.]
[N] i	Echium vulgare L.
	blueweed, common viper's bugloss; Fr: vipérine vulgaire.  Eurasian; intr. in wNfld.
[LN] i	Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort.
	European stickseed; Fr: bardanette squarreuse.  Eurasian; intr. in w/n/cNfld., N to cLab. (Makkovik).
		[=Myosotis squarrosa Retz.]

		[=Lappula echinata Gilib.]
		[=Lappula myosotis Moench]
		[=Myosotis lappula L.]
[LN]	Mertensia maritima (L.) S.F. Gray
	oysterleaf, sea lungwort; Fr: mertensia maritime.  Circumpolar (disj.); thr. coastal Nfld., N to sLab.; hal.
		[=Pulmonaria maritima L.]
		[=Mertensia maritima forma albiflora Fernald]
		[=Pneumaria maritima (L.) Hill]
[N] i	Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill
	field forget-me-not, field scorpion grass; Fr: myosotis des champs.  Eurasian; intr. in nw/s/eNfld.
		[=Myosotis scorpoides var. arvensis L.]
[N]	Myosotis laxa Lehm.
	small forget-me-not; Fr: myosotis laxiflore.  Temp. NA, Eurasia; N to w/nw/c/eNfld.
		[=Myosotis palustris (L.) Hill var. laxa (Lehm.) A. Gray]
[N] i	Myosotis scorpioides L.
	large forget-me-not; Fr: myosotis scorpioïde.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld.
		[=Myosotis palustris (L.) Hill]
		[=Myosotis scorpioides subsp. palustris (L.) Ehrh. 1780, non F.J. Hermann 1912]
		[=Myosotis scorpioides var. palustris L.]
[LN] i	Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex Hoffman
	garden forget-me-not; Fr: myosotis des bois.  Boreal wNA, Eurasia (introduced in eNA); intr. in w/ne/eNfld.
		[=Myosotis sylvatica forma lactaea Boenn.]
[N] i	Symphytum asperum Lepech.
	rough comfrey, prickley comfrey; Fr: consoude âpre.  Asiatic; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Symphytum asperrimum Donn. ex Sims]
[N] i	Symphytum officinale L.
	common comfrey; Fr: consoude officinale.   Eurasian; intr. in s/eNfld.

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Mustard Family
[N] e	Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L.
	small alyssum; Fr: alysson à calices persistants.  Eurasian.
		[=Clypeola alyssoides L.]
[LN]	Arabis alpina L. subsp. alpina
	alpine rockcress; Fr: arabette des Alpes.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; S to nLab., nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Arabis alpina forma phyllopetala Fernald] - type: St. John Bay, nwNfld.
	[Arabis alpina subsp. caucasica  -  see Appendix II]
[LNi]	Arabis arenicola (Richardson ex Hook.) Gelert subsp. arenicola
	arctic rockcress; Fr: arabette des sables.  Arctic NA; S to nLab.; intr. in nwNfld. calc.
		[=Eutrema arenicola Richardson ex Hook.]
		[Discovered in Sandy Cove, nwNfld. (MT), July 1998, by  S.J. Meades.  Although Arabis arenicola is native to nLab., it is introduced in Nfld. along a gravel airstrip that services a local Labrador run.]
[LN]	Arabis drummondii A. Gray
Drummond's rockcress; Fr: arabette de Drummond.  Boreal e/wNA; w/nw/cNfld., N to s/cLab.; calc.
		[=Erysimum drummondii (A. Gray) Kuntze]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Arabis drummondii is restricted to limestone habitats in a few scattered locations across the Island (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN] 	Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb.
erect-fruit wintercress; Fr: barbarée à fruits dressés.  Circumboreal (disj.); sw/nw/cNfld., N to cLab (~55°N).
		[=Barbarea americana Rydb.]
[N] i	Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch.
	early wintercress, Belle Isle cress; Fr: barbarée printanière.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Erysimum vernum Mill.]
		[Previously reported only from SPM; recently collected in St. John’s, Nfld., by J. Maunder, verified by A. Sabourin and S.G. Hay, 1998.]

[LN] i	Barbarea vulgaris W.T. Aiton
yellow rocket, common wintercress; Fr: herbe de sainte Barbe, barbarée vulgaire.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to w/cLab.
		[=Barbarea barbarea (L.) MacMill.] - illeg. tautonym
		[=Barbarea stricta auct. non Andrz.]
		[=Barbarea vulgaris subsp. arcuata (Opiz ex J. & C Presl) „elak.]
		[=Barbarea vulgaris var. arcuata (Opiz ex J. & C Presl) Fries]
		[=Erysimum arcuatum Opiz ex J. & C Presl]  
		[=Erysimum barbarea L.]
		[The authority of Barbarea vulgaris is often cited as R.Br. in W.T. Aiton, but the IPNI database (APNI) notes that there is no indication in the publication that R. Brown was the author of this name.]
	[Brassica campestris  -  see Brassica rapa]
[N] i	Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Jan. 1859, non Cosson post Aug. 1859
Indian mustard, chinese mustard; Fr: moutarde joncée, moutarde de l’Inde.  Eurasian; intr. in w/nw/eNfld.
		[=Sinapis juncea L.]
	[Brassica kaber  -  see Sinapis arvensis]
[LN] i	Brassica napus L.
	rutabaga, Swedish turnip, rapeseed; Fr: rutabega, chou navet.  Eurasian; intr. in w/nwNfld., cLab.
		[=Brassica campestris auct. non L.]
		[=Brassica napobrassica (L.) Mill.]
		[=Brassica oleracea L. var. napobrassica L.]
		[=Brassica rapa auct. non L.]
		[Occasionally found growing along roadsides, as a remnant of abandoned roadside gardens.]
[N] i	Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch in Röhl. 1833, non Andrz. 1860
	black mustard; Fr: moutarde noire.  Eurasian; intr. in w/s/eNfld.
		[=Sinapis nigra L.]
	[Brassica oleracea   -  see Appendix II]
[LN] i	Brassica rapa L.
	field mustard, bird rape, canola; Fr: moutarde des oiseaux, navette.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/eNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Brassica campestris L.]
		[=Brassica campestris var. rapa (L.) Hartm.]
	[Braya alpina  -  see Braya glabella]
[N]	Braya fernaldii Abbe
	Fernald's braya, Fernald's rockcress; Fr: braya de Fernald.  Newfoundland endemic (nwNfld.); calc.
		[=Braya americana (Hook.) Fernald p.p.] - type: Cape Norman, nwNfld.
		[=Braya purpurascens (R.Br.) Bunge var. fernaldii (Abbe) B. Boivin]
[The reference in Fernald (1950: 712) to another species of Braya from the Northern Peninsula likely refers to densly villous plants of Braya fernaldii that are diseased (possible viral infection). Plants of Braya fernaldii with sterile, infected shoots and fertile, normal shoots have been found on the same plants in populations at Watt's Point (Meades 1996b). Classified as rare, the endemic Braya fernaldii is found in frost-disturbed areas of limestone barrens along the coast of the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).  Braya fernaldii is listed as 'threatened' in Canada.]
[L]	Braya glabella Richardson
	purplish braya, purple rockcress; Fr: braya glabre.  Arctic circumpolar; S to nLab.; calc.
		[=Braya alpina Sternb. & Hoppe $ americana Hook.]
		[=Braya alpina var. americana (Hook.) S.Watson]
		[=Braya alpina var. glabella (Richardson) S.Watson]
		[=Braya americana (Hook.) Fernald p.p.]
		[=Braya glabella subsp. purpurascens (R.Br.) Cody]
		[=Braya glabella var. purpurascens (R.Br.) J.G. Harris] - nom. inval.
		[=Braya humilis var. glabella (Richardson) B. Boivin]
		[=Braya purpurascens (R.Br.) Bunge ex Ledeb.]
		[=Platypetalum purpurascens R.Br.]
	[Braya humilis  -  see Neotorularia humilis]

[N]	Braya longii Fernald
	Long's braya, Long's rockcress; Fr: braya de Long.  Newfoundland endemic (Strait of Belle Isle); calc.
		[=Braya purpurascens (R.Br.) Bunge var. longii (Fernald) B. Boivin]
		[Type of Braya longii Fernald: Sandy Cove, nwNfld.]
		[Considered very rare (Bouchard et al., 1991), the endemic Braya longii is known only from peaty limestone barrens along the Strait of Belle Isle.  Braya longii is listed as 'endangered' in Canada.]
[LN]	Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook. subsp. edentula var. edentula
searocket; Fr: caquillier édentulé, roquette de mer.  Coastal NA; thr. coastal Nfld., N to sLab (Forteau). 
		[=Bunias edentula Bigelow]
		[=Cakile americana Nutt.]
[N] e	Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC.
	smallseed falseflax; Fr: caméline à petits fruits.  Eurasian; intr. in wNfld.
		[=Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz subsp. microcarpa (Andrz. ex DC.) W.G.G. Schmid in Hegi]
		[Camelina microcarpa is known in wNfld. from three agricultural collection by I.J. Green  (Reidville, 1972; Cormack, 1976; and Robinsons, 1981) (SWGC).  An eNfld. report is referred to Lepidium perfoliatum by A. Sabourin.  Basionym of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz: Myagrum sativum L.]
[LN] i	Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.
	shepherd's purse, pickpocket; Fr: capselle bourse-à-pasteur.  European; intr. thr. Nfld, N to nLab. (Nain: GH)
		[=Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L.]
		[=Bursa bursa-pastoris (L.) Britton]
		[=Capsella bursa-pastoris var. bifida Crépin] 
[LN] i	Capsella rubella Reut.
	red shepherd’s purse; Fr: capselle rougeâtre.  Eurasian; intr. in c/eNfld., nLab. (Nain: GH)
[LN]	Cardamine bellidifolia L.
alpine bittercress; Fr: cardamine à feuilles de pâquerette.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; n/wLab., S to w/nwNfld.;  snowbeds.
		[=Cardamine bellidifolia var. beringense A.E. Porsild]
		[First confirmed Nfld. reports of Cardamine bellidifolia are from Cloud Mt., nwNfld. (S.G. Hay, et al., 1992), and Lewis Hills, wNfld., collected by S.G. Hay & L. Brouillet, 1999. Cardamine bellidifolia is a candidate for rare species status in Nfld.]
[N] i	Cardamine flexuosa With.
	wavy bittercress; Fr: cardamine flexueuse.  European; intr. in w/eNfld.
		[=Cardamine scutata Thunb. subsp. flexuosa (With.) H. Hara]
[N] i	Cardamine hirsuta L.
	hairy bittercress; Fr: cardamine hispide.  Eurasian; recently intr. in eNfld. and well established in St. John's.
	[Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.
	Pennsylvania bittercress; Fr: cardamine de Pennsylvanie.  Temp.-sBoreal NA (disj.); thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Cardamine pensylvanica var. brittoniana Farw.]
		[=Cardamine scutata Thunb.]
		[A specimen of Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola (Britton) O.E. Schultz from Bonavista North (ACAD) is referred to Cardamine pensylvanica (Sabourin, 1992).]
	Cardamine pratensis L.
[LN]	     var. angustifolia Hook.
	     meadow bittercress; Fr: cardamine à feuilles étroites.  Arctic-subarctic NA; S to sLab., nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Cardamine palustris (Wimm. & Grab.) Peterm.]
		[=Cardamine pratensis subsp. angustifolia (Hook.) O.E. Schulz]
		[=Cardamine pratensis subsp. palustris (Wimm. & Grab.) R.T. Clausen]
		[=Cardamine pratensis var. palustris Wimm. & Grab.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Cardamine pratensis var. angustifolia is known from peatlands and moist ravines over limestone substrates on the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N] i	     var. pratensis
	     cuckoo-flower, lady's smock; Fr: cardamine des prés.  Eurasian; intr. in w/s/eNfld.
		[=Dracamine pratensis (L.) Nieuwl.]
	[Cochlearia arctica  -  see Cochlearia officinalis]
	[Cochlearia danica  -  see Appendix I]
	[Cochlearia groenlandica  -  see Cochlearia tridactylites]
[LN]	Cochlearia officinalis L.
	common scurvygrass; Fr: cranson arctique.  Coastal arctic NA; S thru coastal Lab. to n/eNfld.; hal.
		[=Cochlearia arctica Schltdl. ex DC.]
		[=Cochlearia groenlandica L.]
		[=Cochlearia officinalis subsp. arctica (Schltdl. ex DC.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Cochlearia officinalis subsp. groenlandica (L.) A.E. Porsild]
		[=Cochlearia officinalis var. arctica (Schltdl. ex DC.) Gelert in Andersson & Hesselman]
		[=Cochlearia officinalis var. groenlandica (L.) Gelert in Andersson & Hesselman]
		[See also range map of Cochlearia officinalis in the Swedish Virtual Flora (URL in bibliography).]
[LN]	Cochlearia tridactylites Banks ex DC.
roundfruit scurvygrass; Fr: cranson tridactyle.  Gulf of St. Lawrence endemic; coastal w/n/eNfld., N to sLab.; calc., hal.
		[=Cochlearia cyclocarpa S.F. Blake] - type: Cow Head, wNfld.
		[Type of Cochlearia tridactylites Banks ex DC.: seLab. ca. 52°10' N]
[N] i	Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort.
	hare's-ear mustard; Fr: vélar d’Orient, conringia oriental.  Eurasian; intr. in c/eNfld.
		[=Brassica orientalis L.]
		[=Erysimum orientale (L.) R.Br. ex W.T. Aiton]
[N] i	Coronopus didymus (L.) Smith
	lesser swinecress; Fr: corne-de-cerf didyme.  Eurasian, South American; intr. in w/s/eNfld.
		[=Lepidium didymum L.]
		[=Carara didyma (L.) Britton]
[L] i	Descurainia incana (Bernh. ex Fisch. & C.A. Meyer) Dorn
gray tansymustard; Fr: sagesse de Richardson, moutarde tanaisie grise.  Boreal NA (Cordilleran disjunct); intr. in cLab. (Lake Mellville area); calc.
		[=Sisymbrium incanum Bernh. ex Fisch. & C.A. Meyer]
		[=Descurainia richardsonii (Sweet) O.E. Schulz]
		[=Sisymbrium richardsonii Sweet]
	[Descurainia pinnata subsp. brachycarpa  -  see Appendix I]
	[Descurainia richardsonii  -  see Descurainia incana]

[N] i	Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl
	flixweed; Fr: sagesse des chirurgiens.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/eNfld.
		[=Sisymbrium sophia L.]
		[=Sophia sophia (L.) Britton] - illeg. tautonym
[L]	Draba alpina L.
	alpine whitlowgrass; Fr: drave alpine.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to n-most Lab.; calc.
[N]	Draba arabisans Michx.
	rockcress whitlowgrass; Fr: drave arabette.  Boreal eNA; N to w/n/cNfld.; often calc.
		[=Draba arabis Pers.]
		[=Draba incana L. var. arabisans (Michx.) S.Watson]
[LN]	Draba aurea Vahl ex Hornem.
golden whitlowgrass; Fr: drave dorée.  Alpine-Boreal NA (Cordilleran disjunct); S to nLab.; calc.
		[=Draba borealis sensu Fernald 1905, non DC.]
		[=Draba luteola Greene var. minganensis Vict.]
		[=Draba minganensis (Vict.) Fernald]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Draba aurea is known from a single 1968 collection from Sugar Loaf Is., Notre Dame Bay (Bouchard et al., 1991).  NF plants can be recognized as var. aurea.]
[L]	Draba cana Rydb.
	canescent whitlowgrass; Fr: drave blanchâtre.  Boreal NA (Cordilleran disjunct), Eurasia; N to cLab.; calc.
		[=Draba breweri S.Watson var. cana (Rydb.) Rollins]

		[=Draba lanceolata Royle]
		[=Draba stylaris J. Gay ex W.D.J. Koch]
[L]	Draba crassifolia Graham
thickleaf whitlowgrass; Fr: drave à feuilles charnues.  Arctic-alpine w/eNA (disj.), nEurope;S to nLab. (Torngat Mts.); calc., snowbeds.
	[Draba daurica  -  see Draba glabella]
[L]	Draba fladnizensis Wulfén in Jacq.
	Austrian whitlowgrass; Fr: drave de Fladniz. Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.); S to nLab. (Torngat Mts.)
	Draba glabella Pursh
	smooth whitlowgrass; Fr: drave glabres.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to sLab., w/n/eNfld.; calc., snowbeds.
[LN]	    var. glabella
		[=Draba arabisans Michx. var. canadensis (Brunet) Fernald & C.H. Knowlt.]
		[=Draba canadensis Brunet]
		[=Draba daurica DC.]
		[=Draba glabella subsp. megasperma (Fernald & C.H. Knowlt.) Fernald]
		[=Draba glabella var. megasperma (Fernald & C.H. Knowlt.) Fernald]
		[=Draba hirta var. hirta L.]
		[=Draba hirta var. laurentiana (Fernald) B. Boivin]
		[=Draba laurentiana Fernald] - type: St. John Bay, Grassy Is., nwNfld.
		[=Draba megasperma Fernald & C.H. Knowlt.]
		[=Draba megasperma var. leiocarpa O.E. Schulz] 1927
		[=Draba norvegica Gunnerus var. sornborgeri (Fernald) B. Boivin]
		[=Draba sornborgeri Fernald] - type: Ramah, nLab.
[N]	     var. pycnosperma (Fernald & C.H. Knowlt.) G.A. Mulligan
	     dense whitlowgrass; Fr: drave graines imbriquées.  Gulf of St. Lawrence endemic; nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Draba canadensis Brunet var. pycnosperma (Fernald & C.H. Knowlt.) O.E. Schulz]
		[=Draba hirta L. var. pycnosperma (Fernald & C.H. Knowlt.) B. Boivin]
		[=Draba pycnosperma Fernald & C.H. Knowlt.]
		[Classified as historically present in Bouchard et al. (1991, as D. pycnosperma), Draba glabella var. pycnosperma is known only from the Highlands of St. John, nwNfld.; it was last collected in 1925.]
	[Draba hirta  -  see Draba glabella]
[LN]	Draba incana L.
	hoary whitlowgrass; Fr: drave grisâtre.  Boreal-subarctic, amphi-Atlantic; N to nLab., w/nNfld.; calc.
		[=Draba confusa Ehrh.]
		[=Draba incana " (var.) confusa (Ehrh.) Lilj.]
		[=Draba incana subsp. confusa (Ehrh.) Ekman]
[LN]	Draba lactea Adams var. lactea
milky whitlowgrass; Fr: drave laiteuse.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to nLab., wNfld.; calc.
		[=Draba fladnizensis Wulfén in Jacq. var. heterotricha (Lindblad) Ball]
		[=Draba wahlenbergii Hartm. $ (var.) heterotricha Lindblad]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Draba lactea is known only from serpentine barrens in Gros Morne National Park (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Draba lactea  -  see Appendix I]
	[Draba lanceolata  -  see Draba cana]
	[Draba laurentiana  -  see Draba glabella var. glabella]
	[Draba longipes  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Draba nivalis Lilj.
snow draba or whitlowgrass; Fr: drave des neiges.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to sLab., w/nwNfld.;  often calc.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Draba nivalis is known from exposed cliffs edges and rocky ledges (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Draba norvegica Gunnerus
Norwegian whitlowgrass; Fr: drave de Norvège.   Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; S to cLab. (Groswater Bay area), w/n/eNfld.; calc.

		[=Draba clivicola Fernald]
		[=Draba daurica var. hebecarpa (Lindblom) T. Karlsson]
		[=Draba hirta L. var. norvegica (Gunnerus) Lilj.]
		[=Draba norvegica var. clivicola (Fernald) B. Boivin]
		[=Draba norvegica var. hebecarpa (Lindblom) O.E. Schulz]
		[=Draba norvegica var. pleiophylla Fernald] - type: Burnt Cove, nwNfld.
		[=Draba rupestris R.Br. in W.T. Aiton]
		[=Draba rupestris var. leiocarpa O.E. Schulz]
		[=Draba scandinavica Lindblom $ (var.) hebecarpa Lindblom]
	[Draba praealta  -  see Appendix I]
	[Draba pycnosperma  -  see Draba glabella var. pycnosperma]
	[Draba rupestris  -  see Draba norvegica]
	[Draba sornborgeri  -  see Draba glabella var. glabella]
[N] i	Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz
	dog mustard, French rocket; Fr: moutarde des chiens, fausse-roquette de France.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld.
		[=Sisymbrium gallicum Willd.]
		[Recent reports of Erucastrum gallicum from St. John's, eNfld. appear in Rabeler & Thieret (1997).]
[LN] 	Erysimum cheiranthoides L.
wormseed mustard, treacle mustard; Fr: vélar fausse-giroflée, herbe au chantre.  Eurasian, ?native in nNA;  w/nw/c/eNfld., N to w/cLab.
		[=Cheirinia cheiranthoides (L.) Link]
		[=Erysimum cheiranthoides subsp. altum Ahti]
		[Ahti (1961) believes Erysimum cheiranthoides to be native in the northern part of its range; he recognizes the northern taxon as subsp. altum.  Rollins (1993) does not recognize subspecific taxa, but does state that although widely introduced from Eurasia, Erysimum cheiranthoides is "apparently indigenous in some areas."]
[N] i	Erysimum hieraciifolium L.
	tall wormseed mustard; Fr: vélar odorant, vélar à feuilles d’épervière.  European; intr. in nNfld.
		[Since the first Nfld. collection of this species in 1989 (Sabourin 1992), it has been collected at several roadside locations in nw and neNfld. (S.J. Meades 1995a, unpublished data).]
[N]	Erysimum inconspicuum (S.Watson) MacMill. var. coarctatum (Fernald) Rossbach
Gulf of St. Lawrence wormseed mustard; Fr: vélar du golfe Saint-Laurent.  Gulf of St. Lawrence endemic; wNfld.; calc.
		[=Erysimum coarctatum Fernald]
		[Classified as historically present (SH) in Bouchard et al. (1991), Erysimum inconspicuum var. coarctatum was relocated at Chimney Cove, wNfld., by A. Marceau & M. Burzynski, June 1995 (GMNP), and Marceau et al., August 1995 (MT) (Meades 1995b).  In Sabourin (1992), Bouchard et al. (1991), and Scoggan (1978), this taxon is considered endemic to the Gulf of St. Lawrence; Warwick et al. (1999) elevate it to specific status and expand the distribution west to Alaska, with a more northerly range than E. inconspicuum.  Basionym of Erysimum inconspicuum (S.Watson) MacMill.: Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. var. inconspicuum S.Watson]
[L]	Eutrema edwardsii R.Br.
	Edwards’ eutrema; Fr: eutréma d’Edwards.  Arctic circumpolar; S to northernmost Lab.
		[=Eutrema labradoricum Turcz.]
[N] i	Hesperis matronalis L.
	dame's rocket, dame's violet; Fr: julienne des dames.  European; intr. in w/eNfld.
[LN]	Hornungia procumbens (L.) Hayek
prostrate hutchinsia; Fr: hutchinsie prostrée.  Cosmopolitan (disj.); S to coastal sLab., nwNfld.; calc. or alk., hal.
		[=Lepidium procumbens L.]
		[=Capsella elliptica C.A. Meyer]
		[=Hutchinsia procumbens (L.) Desv.]
		[=Hymenolobus procumbens (L.) Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray]

		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Hornungia procumbens is found near high tide limits on coastal beaches along the upper Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Hymenolobus procumbens).]
	[Hymenolobus procumbens  -  see Hornungia procumbens]
[N] e	Isatis tinctoria L.
	dyer's woad; Fr: pastel des teinturiers.  Eurasian; introduced in eNfld.
		[Formerly widely cultivated for blue dye (woad) extraction; Fernald (1950) mentions Isatis tinctoria from seNfld., doubtless elsewhere (Ship Cove). It has not been reported since Fernald's account.]
[N] e	Lepidium bourgeauanum Thell.
Bourgeau’s peppergrass; Fr: lépidie de Bourgeau.  nTemp. wNA; intr. in wNfld. (Deer Lake).
		[=Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. var. bourgeauanum (Thell.) C.L. Hitchc.]
		[=Lepidium ramosissimum A. Nelson var. bourgeauanum (Thell.) Rollins]
[N] i	Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br. ex W.T Aiton
	field peppergrass; Fr: lépidie des champs.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/eNfld.
		[=Thlaspi campestre L.]
[LN] i	Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. var. densiflorum
	common peppergrass; Fr: lépidie densiflore.  Temp. wNA, intr. in eNA; c/eNfld., N to c/wLab.
		[Lepidium densiflorum is listed as native and introduced in Warwick, et al., 1999.]
[N] e	Lepidium perfoliatum L.
	claspingleaf peppergrass: Fr: lépidie perfoliée.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[A 1964 report of Camelina microcarpa from eNfld. (Butterpot Prov. Park, from freshly sown clover plots: MT) is referred to Lepidium perfoliatum by A. Sabourin.]
[N] i	Lepidium ruderale L.
roadside peppergrass; Fr: lépidie rudérale, passerage des décombres.  Eurasian; intr. in ne/eNfld.
[N] i	Lepidium virginicum L.
	Virginia peppergrass, poorman's pepper; Fr: passerage de Virginie.  Temp. eUS; intr. in c/eNfld.
		[The Nfld. report of Lepidium virginicum is based on Sabourin's map, which shows 2 collections, one in central Nfld. (Grand Falls: GH), one in eNfld (SWGC). The St. John's report of Lepidium virginicum collected by I.J. Green: SWGC is referred to Lepidium densiflorum by S.G. Hay.]
[LN]	Lesquerella arctica (Wormsk. ex Hornem.) S.Watson
arctic bladderpod; Fr: lesquerelle arctique.  Arctic-alpine NA, eAsia; S to nLab., w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Alyssum arcticum Wormsk. ex Hornem.]
		[=Lesquerella arctica subsp. purshii (S.Watson) A.E. Porsild]
		[=Lesquerella arctica var. purshii S.Watson]
		[=Lesquerella purshii (S.Watson) Fernald]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Lesquerella arctica grows in open limestone barrens in w/nw Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N] i	Nasturtium microphyllum Boenn. ex Rchb.
	onerow yellowcress; Fr: rorippe à petites feuilles.  European; intr. in ne/eNfld.
		[=Nasturtium officinale R.Br. in W.T. Aiton var. longisiliquum (Irmisch) Thell.]
		[=Nasturtium officinale var. microphyllum (Boenn. ex Rchb.) Thell.]
		[=Rorippa microphylla (Boenn. ex Rchb.) Hyl. ex Á. & D. Löve]
		[Nasturtium microphyllum is a tetraploid taxon (n = 64) that is separated from Nasturtium officinale (diploid, n=32) mainly on mature fruit and seed characters.  According to Scoggan (1978) eastern Canadian plants of Nasturtium officinale belong to the tetraploid taxon, Rorippa microphylla.One specimen of Nasturtium officinale from eNfld. (St. John's, Robinson & Schrenk, 1894) is reported in Warwick et al., 1999.]
	[Nasturtium officinale  -  see Nasturtium microphyllum notes]
[N]	Neotorularia humilis (C.A. Meyer) Hedge & J. Léonard
	low northern rockcress; Fr: braya délicate.  Boreal NA (Cordilleran disjunct), Asia; N to wNfld.; calc.
		[=Sisymbrium humile C.A. Meyer in Ledeb.]
		[=Braya humilis (C.A. Meyer) B.L. Robinson]
		[=Braya humilis var. abbei (Böcher) B. Boivin]
		[=Braya humilis var. americana (Hook.) B. Boivin]
		[=Braya humilis var. laurentiana (Böcher) B. Boivin]

		[=Braya humilis var. novae-angliae (Rydb.) Fernald]
		[=Braya novae-angliae (Rydb.) Sørensen] 
		[=Braya novae-angliae subsp. abbei Böcher] - type: Table Mt., Port au Port Pen., wNfld.
		[=Pilosella novae-angliae Rydb.]
		[Rare in Nfld., Neotorularia humilis is known only from Table Mt., wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N] i 	Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv.
ball mustard; Fr: neslie paniculée.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Myagrum paniculatum L.]
		[Report of Neslia paniculata from St. John's collected by I.J. Greene: SWGC verified by S.G. Hay.]
[LN] i	Raphanus raphanistrum L.
	wild radish; Fr: radis sauvage, ravenelle.  European; intr. in sw/c/eNfld., w/cLab.
	[Raphanus sativus  -  see Appendix II]
	[Rorippa islandica  -  see Rorippa palustris]
[LN]	Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser
	marsh yellowcress; Fr: rorippe palustre, cresson des marais.  Circumboreal; w/nw/cNfld., N to w/cLab.
		[=Sisymbrium amphibium L. " (var.) palustre L.]
		[=Brachilobus hispidus Desv.]
		[=Rorippa hispida (Desv.) Britton]
		[=Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbás subsp. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Hultén]
		[=Rorippa islandica var. fernaldiana Butters & Abbe]
		[=Rorippa islandica var. hispida (Desv.) Butters & Abbe]
		[=Rorippa palustris subsp. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Jonsell]
		[=Rorippa palustris subsp. hispida (Desv.) Jonsell]
		[=Rorippa palustris subsp. hispida var. elongata Stuckey]
		[=Rorippa palustris var. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Stuckey]
		[=Rorippa palustris var. hispida (Desv.) Rydb.]
		[NF reports of Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbás are referred to Rorippa palustris.]
[N] i	Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser
	creeping yellowcress; Fr: rorippe sylvestre.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld.
		[=Sisymbrium sylvestre L.]
		[=Radicula sylvestris (L.) Druce]
[LN] i	Sinapis arvensis L.
	wild mustard, charlock; Fr: moutarde sauvage, moutarde des champs.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/eNfld.
		[=Brassica arvensis (L.) Rabenh., non L.]
		[=Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler]
		[=Brassica kaber var. pinnatifida (Stoker) L.C. Wheeler]
		[=Brassica kaber var. schkuhriana (Rchb.) L.C. Wheeler]
		[=Sinapis arvensis var. pinnatifida Stoker]
		[=Sinapis kaber DC.]
		[=Sinapis schkuhriana Rchb.]
[N] i	Sisymbrium altissimum L.
	tall tumblemustard; Fr: sisymbre élevé.  Eurasian; intr. in s/c/eNfld.
		[=Norta altissima (L.) Britton]
[N] i	Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.
	hedge mustard; Fr: sisymbre officinal.  Eurasian; intr. in w/s/cNfld.
		[=Erysimum officinale L.]
[LN]	Subularia aquatica L. subsp. americana G.A. Mulligan & Calder
	water awlwort; Fr: subulaire aquatique.  Boreal NA; w/s/c/eNfld., N to cLab (Indian Harbour; Goose Bay).
		[=Subularia aquatica var. americana (G.A. Mulligan & Calder) B. Boivin]
[LN] i	Thlaspi arvense L.
	field pennycress, Frenchweed; Fr: tabouret des champs.  Eurasian; intr. in w/nw/c/eNfld., N to w/cLab.

Cabombaceae  Watershield Family
[N]	Brasenia schreberi  J.F. Gmelin
water shield, purple wendock; Fr: brasénie de Schreber.  Temp., mainly eNA, also worldwide in temp. and trop. upland areas, except Europe; wNfld.; aq.
		[=Hydropeltis purpurea Michx.]
		[Considered very rare in Nfld., Brasenia schreberi is known from only one oligotrophic pond in Gros Morne National Park (Bouchard et al., 1991).]

[Callitrichaceae  -  see Plantaginaceae]

Campanulaceae  Bluebell Family  (including Lobeliaceae)
[N] i	Campanula rapunculoides L.
	creeping bellflower; Fr: campanule fausse-raiponce.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
[LN]	Campanula rotundifolia L.
	harebell; Fr: campanule à feuilles rondes.  Circumboreal (disj. in Asia); thr. Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Campanula rotundifolia forma albiflora Rand & Redfield]
		[=Campanula rotundifolia var. alaskana A. Gray]
[L]	Campanula uniflora L.
	arctic harebell; Fr: campanule uniflore.  Arctic-alpine NA, nEurope and nSiberia; S to cLab.
[LN]	Lobelia dortmanna L.
	water lobelia; Fr: lobélie de Dortmann.  Temp. NA (disj.), nEurope; thr. Nfld., N to sLab. (Battle Harbour).
[N]	Lobelia kalmii L.
	brook lobelia, Kalm's lobelia; Fr: lobélie de Kalm.  Boreal NA; N to s/nw/cNfld.; calc.
		[=Lobelia kalmii forma leucantha Rouleau] 

Cannabaceae Hemp Family [Nomenclature follows FNA vol. 3.]
	[Cannabis sativa  -  see Appendix II]
[N]	Humulus lupulus L. var. lupuloides E. Small
	hops; Fr: houblon.  Temp. eNA; sw/eNfld.
		[=Humulus americanus Nutt.]
		[Humulus lupulus is known to have naturalized/persisted near homesteads in several wNfld. sites, collections by I.J. Green and H. Mann (SWGC). Humulus lupulus is reported to have naturalized near Avondale, eNfld., but specimens have not been obtained to verify the variety.]
	[Humulus lupulus  -  see Appendix II]

Caprifoliaceae  Honeysuckle Family  (excluding Adoxaceae)
[LN]	Diervilla lonicera Mill.
	bush honeysuckle; Fr: dièreville chèvrefeuille, herbe bleue.  Temp. eNA; thr. Nfld. (except nw), N to sLab.
		[=Diervilla diervilla (L.) MacM.]
		[=Lonicera diervilla L.]
		[First verified Labrador report of Diervilla lonicera is from the Churchill River Valley, sLab. (understory of an aspen/birch forest), H. Mann & M. Collins (SWGC), 1998.]
[LN]	Linnaea borealis L. subsp. americana (J. Forbes) Hultén
	twinflower; Fr: linnée boréale.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Okak).
		[=Linnaea americana J. Forbes]
		[=Linnaea borealis var. americana (J. Forbes) Rehd.]
		[The species complex of Linnaea borealis is circumpolar.]
	[Lonicera periclymenum  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Lonicera villosa (Michx.) Roem. & J.A. Schult.
	mountain flyhoneysuckle; Fr: chèvrefeuille velu.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay).
		[=Xylosteum villosum Michx.]
		[=Lonicera caerulea L. var. calvescens Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Lonicera caerulea var. villosa (Michx.) Torr. & Gray]
		[=Lonicera villosa var. calvescens (Fernald & Wiegand) Fernald]
		[=Lonicera villosa var. solonis (Eaton) Fernald]
		[=Lonicera villosa var. tonsa Fernald]
		[=Xylosteum solonis Eaton]
	[Sambucus pubens  -  see Adoxaceae, Sambucus racemosa subsp. pubens]
[N] i	Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F. Blake
	snowberry; Fr: symphorine blanche.  Boreal NA.
		[=Vaccinium album L.]
		[Symphoricarpos albus is occasionally escaped from urban plantings, possibly by birds.]
	[Viburnum cassinoides  -  see Adoxaceae, Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides]
	[Viburnum edule  -  see Adoxaceae]
	[Viburnum trilobum  -  see Adoxaceae, Viburnum opulus var. americanum]
  
Caryophyllaceae  Pink Family
[N] e	Agrostemma githago L.
	corn cockle; Fr: nielle, nielle des blés.  European; intr. in neNfld.
		[Reported from Fogo Isl., neNfld. by Waghorne, 1895 (Scoggan 1978); not reported since.]
[LN]	Arenaria humifusa Wahlenb.
	low sandwort; Fr: sabline rampante.  Arctic-alpine NA, wEurope; sLab., S to w/n/cNfld.; calc. & serp.
	       	[=Arenaria ciliata L. var. humifusa (Wahlenb.) Hartm.]  
		[=Arenaria cylindrocarpa Fernald] 
		[=Arenaria longipedunculata Hultén]
		[NF reports (Fernald 1911) of Arenaria norvegica Gunnerus likely refer to A. humifusa Wahlenb.]
	[Arenaria norvegica  -  see Arenaria humifusa notes and Appendix I]
	Cerastium alpinum L.
	alpine chickweed; Fr: céraiste alpine.  Arctic amphi-Atlantic; thr. Lab., S to w/nwNfld.; calc., serp.
[N]	   subsp. alpinum var. glanduliferum W.D.J. Koch
[LN]	   subsp. lanatum (Lam.) Asch. & Graebn.
	   woolly alpine chickweed; Fr: céraiste laineux.
	     var. lanatum (Lam.) Hegetschw.
		[=Cerastium lanatum Lam.] 
	     var. strigosum Hultén
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Cerastium alpinum subsp. lanatum is restricted to coastal limestone barrens at the northern end of the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991); it is also noted that most reports refer to var. lanatum, but a few specimens have been referred to var. strigosum.]
	[Cerastium arcticum  -  see Cerastium nigrescens subsp. arcticum]
[LN]	Cerastium arvense L. subsp. strictum (L.) Ugborogho
	field chickweed; Fr: céraiste des champs.  Temp.-Boreal NA, Europe;  w/n/c/eNfld., N thr. Lab.; calc. & serp.
		[=Cerastium strictum L.]
		[=Cerastium campestre Greene]
		[NF reports of Cerastium arvense subsp. arvense are referred to subsp. strictum.  Ughorogho's treatment (1977) of Cerastium arvense describes subsp. strictum as the most widespread taxon in NA, found on wet limestone and serpentine outcrops; subsp. arvense is restricted to disturbed habitats in neNA (incl. sOnt.).]
	Cerastium beeringianum Cham. & Schltdl. 
[LN]	   subsp. beeringianum
	   Bering chickweed; Fr: céraiste de Béring.  Arctic-alpine NA (disj.), eAsia; thr. Lab. S to w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Cerastium beeringianum var. grandiflorum (Fenzl) Hultén]
		[=Cerastium fischerianum of NF reports, non Sér.]
		[=Cerastium vulgatum L. var. grandiflorum Fenzl in Ledeb.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Cerastium beeringianum ssp. beeringianum is known from limestone barrens in western Nfld. and the Great Northern Peninsula, nwNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	   subsp. terrae-novae (Fernald & Wiegand) Hultén
	   Newfoundland chickweed; Fr: céraiste de Terre-Neuve.  Endemic to wNfld.; serp. & magn.

		[=Cerastium terrae-novae Fernald & Wiegand] - type: Blomidon Mts., wNfld.
		[=Cerastium terrae-novae forma waghornei Fernald & Wiegand]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Cerastium beeringianum ssp. terrae-novae is known only from serpentine barrens and scree slopes in wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991). Scoggan (2978) describes the range of Cerastium beeringianum subsp. terrae-novae as extending across boreal Canada, west to Great Bear Lk., Dist. Mackenzie.  In this checklist and in Bouchard et al., subsp. terrae-novae is treated as a Nfld. endemic.]
[LN]	Cerastium cerastioides (L.) Britton
starwort chickweed, mountain chickweed; Fr: céraiste à trois styles, céraiste faux-céraiste.  Circumpolar; S to nLab., nwNfld.; snowbeds.
		[=Stellaria cerastioides L.] 
		[=Cerastium lapponicum Crantz] 
		[=Cerastium trigynum Villars]
		[=Provencheria cerastioides (L.) B. Boivin]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Cerastium cerastioides is known from a single collection at Barr'd Harbour Hill, nwNfld.; it was last collected in 1925 (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[NL] i	Cerastium fontanum Baumg. subsp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet
	common mouse-ear chickweed; Fr: céraiste vulgaire.  Eurasian; cosmopolitan weed; intr. thr. Nfld., sLab.
		[=Cerastium vulgare Hartm.] - nomen ambig.
		[=Cerastium fontanum subsp. triviale (Link) Jalas]
		[=Cerastium holosteoides Fries]
		[=Cerastium triviale Link]
		[=Cerastium vulgatum L. 1762, non 1755] 
		[=Cerastium vulgatum var. holosteoides (Fries) Wahlenb.]
		[Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare was collected by the NFRPP in 1999 from Red Bay (NFM).]
[N] i	Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.
	sticky mouse-ear chickweed; Fr: céraiste visqueux.  Eurasian; cosmopolitan weed; intr. in sNfld.
		[=Cerastium viscosum auct. non L.] 
		[Reported from Burgeo, sNfld. (GH, MT).]
[L]	Cerastium nigrescens (H.C. Watson) Edmondston ex H.C. Watson subsp. arcticum (Lange) P.S.Lusby
	arctic chickweed; Fr: céraiste arctique.  Arctic NA; S to nLab.; calc.
		[=Cerastium arcticum Lange subsp. arcticum]
		[=Cerastium arcticum var. vestitum Hultén]
	[Cerastium regelii subsp. caespitosum  -  see Appendix I]
	[Cerastium tomentosum  -  see Appendix II]
[N] i	Dianthus armeria L.
	Deptford pink; Fr: oeillet arméria.  Eurasian; intr. in wNfld.
[N] i	Dianthus barbatus L.
	sweet William; Fr: oeillet barbu.  Eurasian; intr. in neNfld.
		[This persistent garden escape has become established in localized regions, such as slopes below the cemetery in Tilt Cove, Baie Verte Peninsula.]
	[Gypsophila elegans  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh.
	seabeach sandwort; Fr: sabline faux-péplus. Circumpolar (disj.); S thr. coastal Lab. & Nfld.; hal.
		[=Arenaria peploides L.]
		[=Adenarium maritimum Raf.]
		[=Ammodenia maritima (Raf.) E.P. Bicknell]
		[=Ammodenia peploides (L.) Rupr.]
		[=Arenaria peploides L. var. diffusa Hornem.]
		[=Arenaria peploides var. major Hook.]
		[=Arenaria peploides var. maxima Fernald] - type: Nfld. and Atka Is., Aleutian Islands.
		[=Arenaria peploides var. robusta Fernald]
		[=Honckenya peploides subsp. diffusa (Hornem.) Hultén]
		[=Honckenya peploides subsp. major (Hook.) Hultén]
		[=Honckenya peploides subsp. robusta (Fernald) Hultén]
	[Lychnis alba  -  see Silene latifolia]
	[Lychnis alpina subsp. alpina  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Lychnis alpina L. subsp. americana (Fernald) J. Feilberg
	alpine campion; Fr: lychnide d'Amérique.  Arctic-alpine NA; thr. coastal Lab., S to w/n/cNfld.; serp.
		[=Lychnis alpina L. var. americana Fernald] - type: Labrador, Nfld., eQue., & Greenland.
		[=Lychnis alpina forma albiflora (Lange) Fernald]
		[=Viscaria alpina (L.) G.Don forma albiflora Lange]
		[=Viscaria americana (Fernald) Buchenau]
	[Lychnis coronaria  -  see Appendix II]
[N] i	Lychnis flos-cuculi L.
	ragged robin; Fr: lychnide fleur-de-coucou.  European; intr. in eNfld.
	[Melandryum  -  see Silene]
	[Minuartia arctica  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Minuartia biflora (L.) Schinz. & Thell.
	mountain sandwort; Fr: sabline à deux fleurs.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to nLab. (~57°N), nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Stellaria biflora L.]
		[=Alsine biflora (L.) Wahlenb.]
		[=Arenaria biflora S.Watson, non L.]
		[=Arenaria sajanensis Willd. ex Schltdl.]
		[First verified Nfld. report of Minuartia biflora is from White Hills, nwNfld. (S.G. Hay et al. 1994). Minuartia biflora is considered a candidate for rare plant status in Nfld.]
[LN]	Minuartia dawsonensis (Britton) House
	Dawson sandwort; Fr: sabline de Dawson.  Boreal NA; w/nNfld., N to nLab.; calc.
		[=Arenaria dawsonensis Britton]
		[=Arenaria juniperinum auct. non L., of early NF reports]
		[=Arenaria litorea Fernald]
		[=Arenaria stricta Michx. var. dawsonensis (Britton) Scoggan]
		[=Arenaria stricta subsp. dawsonensis (Britton) Maguire]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Minuartia dawsonensis is known from limestone barrens and cliffs from the Port au Port, wNfld., to Tilt Cove, neNfld., and the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Minuartia groenlandica (Retz.) Ostenf.
	Greenland sandwort; Fr: sabline du Groenland.  Boreal eNA; sNfld., N to nLab.; acid.
		[=Stellaria groenlandica Retz.]
		[=Arenaria groenlandica (Retz.) Spreng.]
		[=Stellaria labradorica Schrenk]
		[Unlike other Minuartia spp. in Nfld., which are calciphiles or basiphiles, Minuartia groenlandica is restricted to granitic rock habitats on the south coast of Nfld.]
[N]	Minuartia marcescens (Fernald) House
serpentine sandwort, dryleaf sandwort; Fr: sabline à feuilles sèches.  Gulf of St. Lawrence endemic (wNF, eQue, nVt.); w/cNfld.; serp.
		[=Arenaria marcescens Fernald]
		[=Arenaria laricifolia (L.) B.L. Robinson var. marcescens (Fernald) B. Boivin]
		[=Arenaria obtusiloba sensu Fernald 1911, non (Rydb.) Fernald]
[Classified as rare in Nfld., Minuartia marcescens is reported from western Nfld. serpentine barrens in Bouchard et al. (1991); in 1999, its range was extended to serpentine outcrops in cNfld., L. Hermanutz and H. Mann, pers. comm. (NFM).]
	[Minuartia michauxii   -  see Minuartia stricta (Swartz) Hiern notes and Appendix I]
	[Minuartia obtusiloba  -  see Minuartia marcescens and Appendix I]
[LN]	Minuartia rubella (Wahlenb.) Hiern 1899, non Graebn. 1918
	reddish sandwort; Fr: sabline rougeâtre.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; thr. Lab., S to w/n/cNfld.; calc. & serp.
		[=Alsine rubella Wahlenb.]
		[=Arenaria juniperinum Pursh]
		[=Arenaria propinqua Richardson]
		[=Arenaria rubella (Wahlenb.) Smith]
		[=Arenaria rubella forma epilis (Fernald) Polunin]
		[=Arenaria verna L. var. propinqua (Richardson) Fernald]
		[=Arenaria verna var. propinqua forma epilis Fernald]
		[=Arenaria verna var. pubescens Fernald]
		[=Arenaria verna var. rubella (Wahlenb.) S.Watson]
		[NF reports of Minuartia verna L. are referred to Minuartia rubella.]
[L]	Minuartia stricta (Swartz) Hiern
	bog sandwort; Fr: sabline raide.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.); S to nLab. (Ramah).
		[=Spergula stricta Swartz, non Arenaria stricta Michx.]
		[=Alsinanthe stricta (Swartz) Rchb.]
		[=Arenaria stricta Michx. var. uliginosa (Schleich. ex Lam. & DC.) B. Boivin]
		[=Arenaria uliginosa Schleich. ex Lam. & DC.]
		[Labrador reports of Minuartia michauxii  (Fenzl) Farwell (Rouleau 1978) refer to Minuartia stricta (Swartz) Hiern, rather than Arenaria stricta Michx.]
	[Minuartia stricta Michx.  -  see Appendix I]
	[Minuartia verna  -  see Michauxii rubella and Appendix I]
[LN]	Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl
grove sandwort, bluntleaf sandwort; Fr: sabline latériflore.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Arenaria lateriflora L.]
[L]	Moehringia macrophylla (Hook.) Fenzl
largeleaf sandwort; Fr: sabline à grandes feuilles.  Boreal NA (disj.), Asia; nLab. (between 55°30' & 57°30' N).
		[=Arenaria macrophylla Hook.]
[LN]	Sagina cespitosa (J. Vahl) Lange
	tufted pearlwort; Fr: sagine gazonnante.  Arctic amphi-Atlantic; S to nLab (Kaumajet Mts.), nwNfld.
		[=Arenaria cespitosa J. Vahl] 
		[=Sagina nivalis (Lindblom) Fries var. cespitosa (J. Vahl) B. Boivin]
		[=Spergella cespitosa (J. Vahl) Á. & D. Löve]  
		[First verified Nfld. report of Sagina cespitosa is from the White Hills, nwNfld. (S.G. Hay, et al., 1994); Sagina cespitosa is considered a candidate for rare species status in Nfld.]
	[Sagina intermedia  -  see Sagina nivalis]
	[Sagina linnaei  -  see Sagina saginoides]
[N] i	Sagina japonica (Swartz) Ohwi
	Japanese pearlwort; Fr: sagine du Japon.  eAsiatic; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Spergula japonica Swartz]
		[First verified Nfld. report of Sagina japonica is from St. John’s, eNfld. (Rabeler and Thieret, 1997); while established in other areas of eCanada, its persistence in Nfld. is uncertain.]
[L]	Sagina nivalis (Lindblom) Fries
	snow pearlwort; Fr: sagine des neiges.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; coastal Labrador, S to Chateau, sLab.
		[=Spergula saginoides var. nivalis Lindblom]
		[=Sagina intermedia Fenzl] 
		[=Spergella intermedia (Fenzl) Á. & D. Löve]
	Sagina nodosa (L.) Fenzl
knotty pearlwort; Fr: sagine noueuse.
[LN]	   subsp. borealis G.E. Crow 
	   Coastal, amphi-Atlantic; thr. coastal Nfld., N to sLab. (L’Anse-au-Clair); often calc.
		[=Sagina nodosa var. borealis (G.E. Crow) Cronquist]
		[First verifed Labrador reports of Sagina nodosa are from sLab., in frost-disturbed areas and gravel pits on calcareous substrate E and W of L’Anse-au-Clair, S.J. Meades, NFRPP, Aug. 17, 1999.  See G.E. Crow (1978) for distribution maps of Sagina species.]
[N] i?	   subsp. nodosa
	   Coastal European; ?intr. in w/neNfld.
		[=Spergula nodosa L.] 
		[=Alsine nodosa (L.) Crantz]
		[=Sagina nodosa var. glandulosa (Besser) Asch.]
		[=Spergella nodosa (L.) Rchb.]
		[=Spergella nodosa var. glandulosa (Besser) Rchb.]
		[=Spergula glandulosa Besser] 
		[=Spergula nodosa var. pubescens (Besser) Mert. & Koch in Röhl.]
[LN]	Sagina procumbens L.
	procumbent pearlwort; Fr: sagine couchée.  Circumboreal (disj.); thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Hebron).
		[=Alsine procumbens (L.) Crantz]
		[=Sagina procumbens var. compacta Lange]
		[Sagina procumbens is considered native in NF, although it can appear weedy in some sites.]
[N]	Sagina saginoides (L.) H. Karst.
arctic pearlwort; Fr: sagine des Alpes.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.); nwNfld.
		[=Spergula saginoides L.]
		[=Sagina linnaei C. Presl] - nom. illeg.
		[=Sagina micrantha (Bunge) Fernald]
		[=Spergula micrantha Bunge in Ledeb.]
		[First verified Nfld. report of Sagina saginoides is from White Hills, nwNfld. (S.G. Hay, et al., 1994).  Crow (1978, fig. 10, p. 28) shows one report from neQue. (Knob Lk.), none from Lab.  Sagina saginoides is considered a candidate for rare species status in Nfld.]
[N] i	Saponaria officinalis L.
	bouncing bet, soapwort; Fr: saponaire officinale, herbe à savon.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Lychnis saponaria Jess.]

[N] i	Scleranthus annuus L.
	annual knawel, German knotgrass; Fr: scléranthe annuel, gnavelle.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[First verified Nfld. report of Scleranthus annuus from Torbay Airport, near St. John’s, eNfld., collected by J. Maunder (NFM).]
[LN]	Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq. var. exscapa (All.) DC.
	moss campion; Fr: silène acaule.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; thr. Lab. & Nfld.; calc.
		[=Silene exscapa All.] 
		[=Silene acaulis subsp. arctica Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Silene acaulis subsp. exscapa (All.) Braun-Blanq.]
		[Though reported from all regions of Nfld., Silene acaulis is most common in exposed barrens in w/nwNfld.  Basionym of Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq.: Cucubalus acaulis L.]
	[Silene armeria  -  see Appendix II]
[N] i	Silene dichotoma Ehrh.
forked catchfly; Fr: silène dichotome.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
[N] i	Silene dioica (L.) Clairv.
	red catchfly, red campion; Fr: silène rouge, compagnon rouge.  Eurasian; intr. in w/s/ne/eNfld.
		[=Lychnis dioica L.]
		[=Melandrium dioicum (L.) Coss. & Germ.] 
[L]	Silene involucrata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bocquet subsp. involucrata
	arctic catchfly; Fr: silène involucré.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to cLab.; calc.
		[=Lychnis apetala L. var. involucrata Cham. & Schltdl.]
		[=Gastrolychnis affinis (J. Vahl ex Fries) Tolm. & Kozhanch.]
		[=Gastrolychnis involucrata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Lychnis affinis J. Vahl ex Fries]  
		[=Lychnis furcata (Raf.) Fernald]  
		[=Melandrium affine (J. Vahl ex Fries) J. Vahl]
		[=Melandrium furcatum (Raf.) Hada…]
		[=Silene furcata Raf.]
		[=Wahlbergella affinis (J.Vahl ex Fries) Fries]
[N] i	Silene latifolia Poir. subsp. alba (Mill.) Greuter & Burdet
	white campion; Fr: silène blanc, compagnon blanc.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Lychnis alba Mill., non Silene alba Muhl. ex Britton]  
		[=Lychnis Xloveae B. Boivin]
		[=Lychnis pratensis Raf.]
		[=Melandrium album (Mill.) Garcke]
		[=Silene alba (Mill.) E.H.L. Krause] 
		[=Silene pratensis (Raf.) Godr. & Gren.] 
[N] i	Silene noctiflora L.
	nightflowering catchfly; Fr: silène noctiflore.  European; intr. in cNfld.
		[=Melandrium noctiflorum (L.) Fries]
	[Silene sorensenis  -  see Appendix I]
[L]	Silene uralensis (Rupr.) Bocquet subsp. uralensis
mountain campion, northern catchfly; Fr: silène de l'Oural.  Arctic circumpolar; S to n-most Lab.; calc.
		[=Gastrolychnis uralensis Rupr.] 
		[=Lychnis apetala L. var. arctica (Fries) Cody]
		[=Melandrium apetalum (L.) Fenzl subsp. arcticum (Fries) Hultén]
		[=Silene wahlbergella Chowdhuri]
		[=Silene wahlbergella subsp. arctica (Fries) Hultén]  
		[=Wahlbergella apetala (L.) Fries var. arctica Fries]
[LN] i	Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
bladder campion, maiden's tears; Fr: silène enflé, pétards.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/ne/eNfld., to cLab. (Goose Bay).
		[=Behen vulgaris Moench]
		[=Cucubalus latifolius Mill.]
		[=Silene cucubalus Wibel]
		[=Silene inflata Smith]
		[=Silene latifolia (Mill.) Britten & Rendle, non Poir.]
	[Silene wahlbergella  -  see Silene uralensis]
[N] i	Spergula arvensis L.
	corn spurry; Fr: spargoute des champs.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/ne/eNfld.
		[=Spergula arvensis subsp. sativa (Boenn.) „elak.]
		[=Spergula arvensis var. sativa (Boenn.) Mert. & Koch in Röhl.]
		[=Spergula sativa Boenn.]
[L?N]	Spergularia canadensis (Pers.) G.Don var. canadensis
	northern sandspurry; Fr: spergulaire du Canada.  Coastal NA (disj.); thr. coastal Nfld., N to ?Lab.; hal.
		[=Arenaria canadensis Pers.] 
		[=Buda borealis S.Watson]
		[=Tissa canadensis (Pers.) Britton]
		[NF reports of Spergularia marina are referred to Spergularia canadensis or Spergularia rubra.] Labrador reports of Spergularia canadensis may refer to the Côte-Nord, eQue.]
	[Spergularia marina  -  see Spergularia rubra and S. canadensis notes, or Appendix I, Spergularia salina.]
[N] i	Spergularia rubra (L.) J. & C. Presl
	red sandspurry; Fr: spergulaire rouge.  European; intr. in w/n/c/eNfld.
		[=Arenaria rubra L.]
		[=Tissa rubra (L.) Britton]
		[NF reports of  Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. (Titford & Titford, 1995) refer to Spergularia rubra.]
	[Spergularia salina  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Stellaria alsine Grimm
	bog starwort, bog chickweed; Fr: stellaire fausse-alsine.  Boreal amphi-Atlantic; N to sw/ne/eNfld.
		[=Alsine uliginosa (Murray) Britton]
		[=Larbrea uliginosa (Murray) Heldmann var. ovalifolia Peterm.]

		[=Stellaria alsine forma ovalifolia (Peterm.) Fernald]
		[=Stellaria uliginosa Murray]
[LN]	Stellaria borealis Bigelow subsp. borealis
	boreal starwort, northern stitchwort; Fr: stellaire boréale.  Circumboreal (disj.); thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Hebron).
		[=Alsine borealis (Bigelow) Britton]
		[=Stellaria borealis var. floribunda Fernald] 
		[=Stellaria borealis var. isophylla Fernald]
		[=Stellaria calycantha auct. non (Ledeb.) Bong., sensu Rouleau 1978]
		[=Stellaria calycantha var. floribunda (Fernald) Fernald] 
		[=Stellaria calycantha var. isophylla (Fernald) Fernald]
		[NF reports of Stellaria calycantha (Ledeb.) Bong. are referred to Stellaria borealis.]
	[Stellaria calycantha  -  see Stellaria borealis notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Stellaria crassifolia Ehrh. var. crassifolia
fleshy starwort; Fr: stellaire à feuilles charnues. Circumpolar; coastal Lab., S to nwNfld.; snowbeds.
		[=Alsine crassifolia (Ehrh.) Britton]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Stellaria crassifolia is known from turfy shores and limestone barrens  on the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Stellaria crassipes Hultén
tundra starwort; Fr: stellaire à pédicelles charnus.  Arctic alpine eNA; thr. coastal Lab., S to nwNfld.
		[=Stellaria edwardsii R.Br. var. crassipes (Hultén) B. Boivin]
	[Stellaria edwardsii  -  see Stellaria longipes]
[LN] i	Stellaria graminea L. var. graminea L.
	grassleaf starwort, lesser stitchwort; Fr: stellaire graminoïde.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Alsine graminea (L.) Britton]
		[First verified Labrador report of Stellaria graminea is from Northwest River, cLab., collected by I. Watts, 1964 (NFM).]
[LN]	Stellaria humifusa Rottbøll
saltmarsh starwort; Fr: stellaire déprimée.  Circumpolar (disj.); S thr. coastal Lab. to coastal w/n/sNfld.; hal.
		[=Alsine humifusa (Rottbøll) Britton]
		[=Arenaria thymifolia Pursh]
[LN]	Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd. var. longifolia
longleaf starwort, longleaf stitchwort; Fr: stellaire à feuilles longues.  Circumboreal; s/n/eNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Alsine longifolia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britton]
[LN]	Stellaria longipes Goldie subsp. longipes
longstalk starwort; Fr: stellaire à longs pédicelles.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.); thr. Lab., S to w/nwNfld.
		[=Alsine longipes (Goldie) Coville]
		[=Stellaria edwardsii R.Br. in Franklin]
		[=Stellaria laeta Richardson in Franklin]
		[=Stellaria longipes subsp. stricta (Richardson) W.A. Weber]
		[=Stellaria palustris Richardson in Franklin, non (Murr.) Retz.]
		[=Stellaria monantha Hultén]
		[=Stellaria stricta Richardson in Franklin]
[LN] i	Stellaria media (L.) Villars subsp. media
chickweed starwort, common chickweed; Fr: stellaire moyenne, mouron des oiseaux.  European; intr. thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Hebron).
		[=Alsine media L.]
	[Stellaria monantha  -  see Stellaria longipes]

[Chenopodiaceae - see Amaranthaceae]

Cistaceae  Rockrose Family
[N]	Hudsonia ericoides L.
	golden heather; Fr: hudsonie éricoïde.  Temp. eNA; N to sw/s/ne/eNfld.; acid.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Hudsonia ericoides is known from exposed coastal barrens on sandy soil or acidic bedrock (Bouchard et al. 1991).]
[L]	Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt.
	sand heath, woolly heather; Fr: hudsonie tomenteuse.  Temp.-sBoreal eNA; disj. in cLab.; dunes.
		[=Hudsonia intermedia (Peck) Erskine (pro hybr.)]
		[=Hudsonia tomentosa var. intermedia Peck]

Clusiaceae (or Hypericaceae)  St. John's-wort Family
	[Hypericum boreale  -  see Hypericum mutilum subsp. boreale]
[N]	Hypericum canadense L.
	Canada St. Johnswort; Fr: millepertuis du Canada.  Temp. eNA; w/s/c/eNfld.
[N]	Hypericum ellipticum Hook.
	pale St. Johnswort; Fr: millepertuis elliptique.  Temp. eNA; N to sw/eNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Hypericum ellipticum is found on alluvial shores in sw/eNfld. (Bouchard et al. 1991).]
[N] 	Hypericum mutilum L. subsp. boreale (Britton) J.M. Gillett
	northern St. Johnswort; Fr: millepertuis boréal.  Temp. eNA; thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Hypericum canadense L. var. boreale Britton]
		[=Hypericum boreale (Britton) E.P. Bicknell]
[N] i	Hypericum perforatum L.
	common St. Johnswort; Fr: millepertuis commun.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/eNfld.
	[Hypericum pulchrum  -  see Appendix I]
[N] i	Hypericum punctatum Lam.
	spotted St. Johnswort; Fr: millepertuis ponctué.  Temp. eNA; intr. in wNfld.
		[First verified Nfld. report of Hypericum punctatum: Stephenville Crossing, wNfld., J.E. Maunder, 1996 (NFM).]
[LN]	Triadenum fraseri (Spach) Gleason
	Fraser's marsh St. Johnswort; Fr: millepertuis de Fraser.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to sLab.
		[=Elodea fraseri Spach]
		[=Hypericum virginicum L. var. fraseri (Spach) Fernald] 
		[=Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf. subsp. fraseri (Spach) J.M. Gillett]
		[=Triadenum virginicum var. fraseri (Spach) Cooperr.]
		[NF reports of the coastal plain Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf. refer to Triadenum fraseri.]
	[Triadenum virginicum  -  see Triadenum fraseri notes and Appendix I]

Convolvulaceae  Morning Glory Family  (including Cuscutaceae)
[N]	Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. subsp. americana (Sims) Brummitt
	hedge bindweed; Fr: liseron des haies.  Temp. NA; N thr. Nfld.
		[=Convolvulus sepium L. var. americanus Sims]
		[=Calystegia sepium var. americana (Sims) Matsuda]
		[=Convolvulus americanus (Sims) J. Loud., 1844, non Greene 1898]
		[NF reports of Calystegia sepium include both the native subsp. americana and the introduced European subsp. sepium.  Voss (1996, vol 3: 99) indicates that subsp. americana can be identified by it's pink flowers, while the European ssp. sepium has white flowers.]
[N] i	Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. subsp. sepium
	hedge bindweed; Fr: liseron des haies.  intro. from Europe; verified from s/eNfld.
		[=Convolvulus sepium L.]
		[Not all NF material of Calystegia sepium have been annotated, but verified specimens of subsp. sepium have been found from St. John's, eNfld., and Grand Beach Barasway, near Grand Bank, sNfld. (J. Maunder, pers. comm., NFM)]
[N] e	Cuscuta pentagona Engelm.
fiveangled dodder; Fr: cuscute pentagonale. Temp. NA; intr. in eNfld.
		[Scoggan (1978: 1256) reports a specimen from Topsail, eNfld. (DAO).]

Cornaceae  Dogwood Family
[N]	Cornus alternifolia L.f.
	alternateleaf dogwood, green osier; Fr: cornouiller à feuilles alternes.  Temp. eNA; N to w/cNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Cornus alternifolia is found in alder thickets and talus slopes in western and central Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Cornus canadensis L.
crackerberry (NF), bunchberry; Fr: quatre-temps, cornouiller du Canada.  Boreal NA & eAsia; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Okak).
		[=Chamaenerion canadense forma purpurascens Miyabe & Tatew.]
		[=Chamaepericlymenum canadense (L.) Asch. & Graebn.]
		[=Cornella canadensis (L.) Rydb.]
		[=Cornus canadensis L. forma dutillyi Lepage]
		[=Cornus canadensis forma purpurascens (Miyabe & Tatew.) H. Hara]
		[=Cornus canadensis var. dutillyi (Lepage) B. Boivin]
[LN]	Cornus Xintermedia (Farr) Calder & Roy L. Taylor (canadensis X suecica)
	hybrid bunchberry; Fr: cornouiller hybride.  Boreal NA;  coastal w/nw/s/eNfld., N to nLab. (Cutthroat Harbour).
		[=Cornus canadensis L. var. intermedia Farr]
		[NF reports of the cordilleran Cornus unalaschkensis Ledeb. refer to Cornus Xintermedia.]
	[Cornus rugosa  -  see Appendix I]

[LN]	Cornus stolonifera Michx.
	red osier dogwood; Fr: cornouiller stolonifère, hart rouge.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Cornus sericea L.] - nomen ambig.
		[=Swida stolonifera (Michx.) Rydb.]
[LN]	Cornus suecica L.
	Swedish bunchberry; Fr: cornouiller de Suède.  Circumboreal (disj.); thr. coastal Nfld., N to nLab (ca. 59°N).
		[=Chamaepericlymenum suecicum (L.) Asch. & Graebn.]
	[Cornus unalaschkensis  - see Cornus Xintermedia and Appendix I]

Crassulaceae  Stonecrop Family
	[Crassula aquatica  -  see Tillaea aquatica]
	[Hylotelephium telephium  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Rhodiola rosea L.
	roseroot; Fr: orpin rose.  Circumboreal; thr. coastal Nfld., N to n-most Lab. 
		[=Sedum  rosea (L.) Scop.] 
[N] i	Sedum acre L.
	mossy stonecrop; Fr: orpin âcre.  Eurasian; intr. in ne/eNfld.
	[Sedum alboroseum  -  see Appendix II]
	[Sedum rosea  -  see Rhodiola rosea]
[N] i	Sedum spurium M.Bieb.
	Caucasian stonecrop; Fr: orpin pourpre.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
	[Sedum telephinum  -  see Hylotelephium telephium]
	[Sedum villosum  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Tillaea aquatica L.
	water pygmyweed; Fr: tillée aquatique.  Coastal and inland shores, NA, Eurasia (disj.); s/eNfld.
		[=Crassula aquatica (L.) Schönland in Engl. & Prantl]
		[=Tillaeastrum aquaticum (L.) Britton]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (as Crassula aquatica), Tillaea aquatica is found in brackish sand or mud shore (Bouchard et al., 1991).]

[Cuscutaceae - see Convolvulaceae]

Diapensiaceae  Diapensia Family
[LN]	Diapensia lapponica L. subsp. lapponica
	diapensia; Fr: diapensie.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; S thr. Lab. & Nfld.; often acid. 

Dipsacaceae  Teasel Family
[N] i	Knautia arvensis (L.) Duby
	field scabious; Fr: knautie des champs.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Scabiosa arvensis L.]

Droseraceae  Sundew Family
	[Drosera anglica  -  see Drosera longifolia]
[LN]	Drosera intermedia Hayne
spatulateleaf sundew, spoonleaf sundew; Fr: rossolis intermédiaire. Boreal amphi-Atlantic; thr. Nfld. (except nw), N to cLab.; calc.
		[=Drosera americana Willd.]
		[=Drosera intermedia forma natans Heuser]
		[=Drosera longifolia Michx. non L.]
[N]	Drosera linearis Goldie
	slenderleaf sundew; Fr: rossolis à feuilles linéaires.  nTemp. NA; N to w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Drosera linearis is found in fen and eutrophic bog pond margins  (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Drosera longifolia L.
	English sundew; Fr: rossolis d’Angleterre.  Circumboreal (disj.); w/nw/cNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Drosera anglica Huds.]
[N]	Drosera Xobovata Mert. & Koch (pro sp.)  (anglica x rotundifolia)
	obovateleaf sundew; Fr: rossolis à feuilles obovées.  Reported from wNfld.
[LN]	Drosera rotundifolia L. var. rotundifolia
	roundleaf sundew; Fr: rossolis à feuilles rondes.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to nLab (Cape Harrigan); acid.
		[=Drosera rotundifolia forma breviscapa (Regel) Domin]
		[=Drosera rotundifolia var. breviscapa Regel]

Elaeagnaceae  Oleaster Family
[LN]	Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.
	soapberry, buffalo berry; Fr: shépherdie du Canada.  Boreal NA; w/n/cNfld., disj. in nLab.; calc.
		[=Hippophaë canadensis L.]
		[=Elaeagnus canadensis (L.) A. Nelson]
		[=Lepargyraea canadensis (L.) Greene]

Elatinaceae  Waterwort Family
[NL]	Elatine minima (Nutt.) Fisch. & C.A. Meyer
	small waterwort; Fr: élatine naine.  Temp. eNA; w/s/eNfld.; aq.
		[=Crypta minima Nutt.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Elatine minima is found in shallow water of estuary shores and pond margins (Bouchard  et al., 1991).  The first known Labrador report of Elatine minima is from Gosling Lake, cLab., J.E. Maunder 1997 (NFM).]
	[Elatine americana  -  see Appendix I]

[Empetraceae - see Ericaceae]

Ericaceae  Heath Family
[LN]	Andromeda glaucophylla Link
	bog rosemary; Fr: andromède glauque.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Windy Tickle).
		[=Andromeda polifolia L. subsp. glaucophylla (Link) Hultén]
		[=Andromeda polifolia var. glaucophylla (Link) DC.]
[L]	Andromeda polifolia L.
	northern bog rosemary; Fr: andromède à feuilles de polium.  Circumpolar; S to cLab.
	[Arbutus unedo  -  see Appendix I]
	[Arctostaphylos alpina  -  see Arctous alpina]
	[Arctostaphylos uva-ursi  -  see Arctous rubra]
[LN]	Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.
	common bearberry, kinnikinnick; Fr: raisin-d’ours.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Arbutus uva-ursi L.]
		[=Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. adenotricha Fernald & J.F. Macbr.]
		[=Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. coactilis Fernald & J.F. Macbr.]
		[=Uva-ursi uva-ursi (L.) Britton] - illeg. tautonym
[LN]	Arctous alpina (L.) Nied.
	alpine bearberry; Fr: busserole des Alpes.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar;  S thr. Lab. & Nfld.
		[=Arbutus alpina L.]
		[=Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.]
		[=Mairania alpina (L.) Desv.]
[N] 	Arctous rubra (Rehd. & E.H. Wilson) Nakai
red bearberry; Fr: busserole rouge.  Arctic-alpine NA & eAsia (disj.); S to nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Arctostaphylos ruber Rehd. & E.H. Wilson]
		[=Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. subsp. rubra (Rehd. & E.H. Wilson) Hultén] 
		[=Arctostaphylos alpina var. rubra (Rehd. & E.H. Wilson) Bean]
		[=Arctostaphylos rubra (Rehd. & E.H. Wilson ) Fernald]
		[=Arctous erythrocarpa Small]
		[=Arctous alpina (L.) Nied. var. ruber Rehd. & E.H. Wilson]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld.,  Arctous rubra is found in turfy limestone barrens in the Strait of Belle Isle region (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Arctostaphylos rubra). Labrador reports of Arctostaphylos rubra probably refer to the Côte-Nord, eQue.]
[N] i	Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull
	Scottish heather; Fr: bruyère commune.  European; intr. in w/eNfld.
		[=Erica vulgaris L.]
		[Calluna vulgaris is naturalized in eNfld. (for reports from near Old Perlican, Bay de Verde, Whitbourne, Colinet, Salmonier Line, and Signal Hill, St. John's, see R.Day, 1995); reports from wNfld. refer to cultivated populations.]
	[Cassiope hypnoides  -  see Harrimanella hypnoides]
[L]	Cassiope tetragona (L.) D.Don subsp. tetragona
	white arctic mountain heather; Fr: cassiope tétragone.  Circumpolar; S to nLab. (~58°N, disj. in Hopedale).
		[=Andromeda tetragona L.]
[LN]	Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench
leatherleaf, [dwarf cassandra; Fr: cassandre caliculé, faux bleuets. Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Hopedale).
		[=Andromeda calyculata L.]
		[=Andromeda calyculata var. angustifolia Aiton]
		[=Andromeda calyculata var. latifolia Aiton]
		[=Cassandra calyculata (L.) D.Don var. angustifolia (Aiton) A. Gray 1878, non  F. Seym. 1982]
		[=Cassandra calyculata var. latifolia (Aiton) F. Seym.]
.		[=Chamaedaphne calyculata var. angustifolia (Aiton) Rehd.]
		[=Chamaedaphne calyculata var. latifolia (Aiton) Fernald] - type: Nfld. (location unspecified)
[N]	Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W.P.C. Barton subsp. cisatlantica (S.F. Blake) Hultén
	pipsissewa, prince's pine; Fr: chimaphile à ombelles, herbe à peigne.  Boreal eNA; N to w/nw/cNfld.
		[=Chimaphila umbellata var. cisatlantica S.F. Blake]
		[=Chimaphila corymbosa Pursh]
		[Basionym of Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Barton: Pyrola umbellata L.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Chimaphila umbellata subsp. cisatlantica was reported from two areas of cNfld. in Bouchard et al. (1991).  It has since been located north of Port au Choix (Boland 1994: MT) and at several locations in western Nfld. (Mann & Butt, 1997: SWGC). In light of these new collections, the scarcity status of Chimaphila may be reevaluated.]
	[Corema conradii  -  see Empetrum nigrum notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Empetrum atropurpureum Fernald & Wiegand 
	purple crowberry; Fr: camarine pourpre.  Boreal eNA, mainly Gulf of St. Lawrence area; w/neNfld., N to sLab.
		[=Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand subsp. atropurpureum (Fernald & Wiegand) D. Löve]
		[=Empetrum nigrum L. forma purpureum (Raf.) Fernald]
		[=Empetrum nigrum var. atropurpureum (Fernald & Wiegand) B. Boivin]
		[=Empetrum nigrum var. purpureum (Raf.) A.DC.]
		[=Empetrum purpureum Raf.]
		[=Empetrum rubrum Vahl ex Willd. var. atropurpureum (Fernald & Wiegand) R.D. Good]
		[Labrador reports of Empetrum atropurpureum probably refer to the Cote-Nord, seQue.]
		[Classified as rare, Empetrum atropurpureum is found in Nfld. on exposed coastal Empetrum heaths  (Bouchard et al., 1991). Labrador reports include lac Brûlé, sLab. (P. Morisset, pers. comm.).]

[LN]	Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand
	pink crowberry; Fr: camarine d’Eames, camarine rosée.  Boreal eCanada; thr. Nfld. (except ne), N to seLab.
		[=Empetrum nigrum L. var. eamesii (Fernald & Wiegand) B. Boivin] 
		[=Empetrum rubrum Vahl subsp. eamesii (Fernald & Wieg) R.D. Good]
	Empetrum nigrum L.
black crowberry, blackberry (nNF), curlewberry; Fr: camarine noire, graines à corbigeaux. Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S thr. Lab. & Nfld. 
		[Fernald’s 1911 accounts of Corema conradii refer to Empetrum nigrum L.]
[LN]	   subsp. hermaphroditum (Lange ex Hagerup) Böcher
		[=Empetrum hermaphroditum Lange ex Hagerup]
		[=Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand subsp. hermaphroditum (Lange ex Hagerup) D. Löve]
		[=Empetrum nigrum var. hermaphroditum (Lange ex Hagerup) T. Sørensen]
		[Plants of this subspecies have perfect (bisexual) flowers; this is the dominant subsp. in NF.]
[LN]	   subsp. nigrum
		[Plants of this subspecies are dioecious, with separate male and female (unisexual) flowers on different plants. This subsp. is mainly Eurasian and Beringian, with a few disjunct locations in neNA.]
[LN]	Epigaea repens L.
	trailing arbutus, Mayflower; Fr: fleur de mai, épigée rampante.  Temperate NA; w/s/cNfld., N to sLab.
		[=Epigaea repens var. glabrifolia Fernald]
		[Labrador reports of Epigaea repens include a collection (MT) from Minipi Lake by Rouleau in 1963.]
[LN]	Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigelow
creeping snowberry, magna-tea berry (NF); Fr: gaulthérie hispide, cocos d'anis (SPM), petit thé.  Boreal NA, thr. Nfld., N to cLab. (Rigolet).
		[=Vaccinium hispidula L.]
		[=Chiogenes hispidula (L.) Torr. & Gray]
[N]	Gaultheria procumbens L.
	teaberry, checkerberry; Fr: thé des bois, thé rouge (SPM).  Temp. eNA; to w/s/cNfld.
		[Classified as rare, Gaultheria procumbens is known from coniferous forests (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch
	black huckleberry; Fr: gaylussaccia à fruits bacciformes.  Temp. eNA; N to w/sNfld.
		[=Andromeda baccata Wangenh.]
		[=Vaccinium resinosum Aiton]
[N]	Gaylussacia dumosa (Andrews) Torr. & Gray
	dwarf huckleberry; Fr: gaylussaccia touffu.  Coastal Plain of eNA; N to w/s/ne/eNfld.
		[=Vaccinium dumosum Andrews]
		[=Gaylussacia dumosa (Andrews) Torr. & Gray var. bigeloviana Fernald]
[LN]	Harrimanella hypnoides (L.) Coville
moss heather; Fr: cassiope hypnoïde.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; S to cLab. (ca. 54°N), w/nwNfld.; snowbeds.
		[=Andromeda hypnoides L.]
		[=Cassiope hypnoides (L.) D. Don]  
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Harrimanella hypnoides is an alpine species found near snowbed (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Hypopitys monotropa Crantz
	pinesap, false beechdrops; Fr: monotrope du pin.  Circumboreal; N thr. Nfld.
		[=Hypopitys americana (DC.) Small]
		[=Hypopitys lanuginosa (Michx.) Nutt.]
		[=Hypopitys multiflora americana DC.]
		[=Monotropa hypopithys L.]
		[=Monotropa lanuginosa Michx.]
[LN]	Kalmia angustifolia L.
sheep laurel; Fr: kalmia à feuilles étroites, faux-thé (SPM).  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay).
		[=Kalmia angustifolia var. angustifolia forma candida Fernald] - type: St. John's, eNfld.
		[=Kalmia angustifolia var. candida (Fernald) Rehd.]
		[=Kalmia angustifolia " rubra Aiton]
		[=Kalmia angustifolia var. rubra (Aiton) Lodd.]
	[Kalmia latifolia  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Kalmia polifolia Wangenh.
	bog laurel; Fr: kalmia à feuilles d’andromède.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Nachvak).
		[=Chamaedaphne glauca (Aiton) Kuntze]
		[=Kalmia glauca Aiton]
		[=Kalmia glauca var. rosmarinifolia (Dum.Cours.) Rehd.]
		[=Kalmia polifolia forma leucantha Schof. & E.C. Smith] - type: Trinity South, neNfld.
		[=Kalmia rosmarinifolia Dum.Cours.]
	[Ledum decumbens  -  see Rhododendron tomentosum subsp. subarcticum]
	[Ledum groenlandicum  -  see Rhododendron groenlandicum]
	[Ledum palustre  subsp. decumbens  -  see Rhododendron tomentosum subsp. subarcticum]
[LN]	Loiseleuria procumbens (L.) Desv.
	alpine azalea; Fr: azalée des Alpes.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.); S thr. Lab. & Nfld.
		[=Azalea procumbens L.]
		[=Chamaecistus procumbens (L.) Kuntze]
[LN]	Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray
	oneflowered wintergreen; Fr: monésès uniflore.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Nain).
		[=Pyrola uniflora L.]
		[=Moneses grandiflora S.F. Gray]
	[Monotropa hypopithys  -  see Hypopitys monotropa]
[LN]	Monotropa uniflora L.
	Indian pipe, ghostpipe; Fr: monotrope uniflore.  Temp.-Boreal NA & eAsia; thr. Nfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay).
[LN]	Orthilia secunda (L.) House
	onesided wintergreen; Fr: pyrole unilatérale.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to nLab (Hebron).
		[=Pyrola secunda L.]  
		[=Pyrola secunda forma eucycla Fernald]
		[=Pyrola secunda subsp. obtusata (Turcz.) Böcher]

		[=Pyrola secunda var. obtusata Turcz.]
		[=Ramischia secunda (L.) Garcke]
[LN]	Phyllodoce caerulea (L.) Bab.
blue mountainheath; Fr: phyllodoce bleue.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; thr. Lab., S to w/nw/cNfld.; snowbeds.
		[=Andromeda coerulea L.]
		[=Menziesia caerulea (L.) Swartz]
		[=Phyllodoce taxifolia Salisb.]
[N]	Pyrola americana Sweet
	roundleaf pyrola, roundleaf wintergreen; Fr: pyrole d’Amérique. Temp. eNA; N thr. Nfld.
		[=Pyrola rotundifolia L. subsp. americana (Sweet) R.T. Clausen]
		[=Pyrola rotundifolia var. americana (Sweet) Fernald]
		[Labrador reports of Pyrola americana (rotundifolia) are unvalidated, E. Haber, pers. comm.; reports probably refer to the Côte-Nord, eQue.]
[LN]	Pyrola asarifolia Michx. subsp. asarifolia
	pink pyrola, bog wintergreen; Fr: pyrole à feuilles d’asaret.  Boreal NA, eAsia; thr. Nfld., (except e), N to sLab.
		[=Pyrola asarifolia var. incarnata (DC.) Fernald]
		[=Pyrola asarifolia var. purpurea (Bunge) Fernald]
		[=Pyrola incarnata (DC.) Fisch. ex Komarov]
		[=Pyrola rotundifolia L. var. asarifolia (Michx.) Hook.]
		[=Pyrola rotundifolia var. incarnata DC.]
		[=Pyrola rotundifolia var. purpurea Bunge]
		[=Pyrola uliginosa Torr. & Gray ex Torr.]
[LN]	Pyrola chlorantha Swartz
greenish pyrola, greenflowered wintergreen; Fr: pyrole à fleurs verdâtres.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld. (except s), N to cLab.
		[=Pyrola virens Schreb. in Schweigger & Körte]
[N]	Pyrola elliptica Nutt.
	shinleaf; Fr: pyrole elliptique.  sBoreal NA, eAsia; w/c/ne/eNfld.
[L]	Pyrola grandiflora Radius
	arctic pyrola; Fr: pyrole à grandes fleurs.  Circumpolar; thr. Lab.  
		[Type of Pyrola grandiflora Radius: Labrador]
		[Nfld. reports of Pyrola grandiflora are referred to either Pyrola asarifolia or P. americana.]
[LN]	Pyrola minor L.
	lesser pyrola; Fr: pyrole mineure.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld. (except s), N to nLab. (Okak).
	[Pyrola rotundifolia  -  see Pyrola americana]
	[Pyrola secunda  -  see Orthilia secunda]
	[Pyrola virens  -  see Pyrola chlorantha]
[LN]	Rhododendron canadense (L.) Torr.
	rhodora; Fr: rhododendron du Canada.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to sLab.
		[=Rhodora canadensis L.]
		[=Azalea canadensis (L.) Kuntze]
		[=Rhododendron canadense forma albiflorum (Rand & Redfield) Rehd. ex E.H. Wilson]
		[=Rhododendron rhodora forma albiflora Rand & Redfield]
		[Labrador report of Rhododendron canadense is based on map by G. Lavoie (1984:112).]
[LN]	Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd
	Labrador tea; Fr: thé du Labrador, thé de jam (SPM), lédon du Groenland.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Ledum groenlandicum Oeder 1771, non Retz. 1779]
		[=Ledum palustre L. subsp. groenlandicum (Oeder) Hultén]
[LN]	Rhododendron lapponicum (L.) Wahlenb.
Lapland rosebay; Fr: rhododendron de Laponie.  Arctic-alpine NA & eAsia, disj. in nwEurope; thr. Lab., S to w/nwNfld., often calc., serp.
		[=Azalea lapponica L.]
[L]	Rhododendron tomentosum (Stokes) Harmaja subsp. subarcticum (Harmaja) G.D. Wallace
	northern Labrador tea; Fr: petit thé du Labrador, lédon subarctique.  Arctic NA & Asia; S to sLab. (ca. 53°).
		[=Rhododendron subarcticum Harmaja]
		[=Ledum palustre L. subsp. decumbens (Aiton) Hultén]
		[=Ledum palustre var. decumbens Aiton]
		[=Ledum decumbens (Aiton) Lodd. ex Steud.] - nom. illeg.
		[Rhododendron subarcticum is a nom. nov. for Ledum decumbens (Aiton) Lodd. ex Steud. 1840, non D.Don ex G.Don 1834.]
[LN]	Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton
	lowbush blueberry; Fr: bleuet à feuilles étroites.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Nain).
		[=Vaccinium angustifolium forma nigrum (A.W. Wood) B. Boivin]
		[=Vaccinium angustifolium var. hypolasium Fernald]
		[=Vaccinium angustifolium var. integrifolium Lepage]
		[=Vaccinium angustifolium var. laevifolium House]
		[=Vaccinium angustifolium var. nigrum (A.W. Wood) Dole]
		[=Vaccinium lamarckii Camp]
		[=Vaccinium pensylvanicum Lam., non Mill.]
		[=Vaccinium pensylvanicum var. angustifolium A. Gray]
		[=Vaccinium pensylvanicum var. nigrum A.W. Wood]
[LN]	Vaccinium boreale Hall & Aalders
	northern blueberry; Fr: bleuet boréal.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld. (except ne), N to nLab.
[LN]	Vaccinium cespitosum Michx. var. cespitosum
	dwarf bilberry; Fr: airelle gazonnante.  Boreal NA; w/nwNfld., N to nLab. (Anatolik).
[N]	Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton
large cranberry, American cranberry; Fr: canneberge à gros fruits, pomme de pré (SPM), gros atocas.  Temperate eNA; N thr. Nfld.
		[=Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Aiton) Pursh]
		[=Oxycoccus palustris macrocarpus (Aiton) Pers.]
		[=Vaccinium oxycoccus var. oblongifolius Michx.]
[L]	Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx. non Hook
	velvetleaf blueberry; Fr: bleuet fausse-myrtille.  Boreal eNA; N to sLab.
		[=Vaccinium canadense Kalm ex A. Rich.]
		[Reports of Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx. from Rigolet (CAN, GH) refer to V. angustifolium.]
[N]	Vaccinium xnubigenum Fernald (pro sp.) (cespitosum x ovalifolium)
	Newfoundland bilberry; Fr: airelle de Terre-Neuve.  Reported from nNfld. and eQue.; nwNfld.
[LN]	Vaccinium ovalifolium Smith
	ovalleaf bilberry; Fr: airelle à feuilles ovées.  Boreal NA (disj.); w/nNfld., N to seLab. (Chateau).
		[=Vaccinium alaskense T.J. Howell]
[LN]	Vaccinium oxycoccus L.
small cranberry, mashberry (NF); Fr: canneberge commune, grisette (SPM), petit atoca.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to n-cLab. (~55°).
		[=Oxycoccus microcarpus Turcz. ex Rupr.]
		[=Oxycoccus ovalifolius (Michx.) Porsild]
		[=Oxycoccus oxycoccus (L.) MacMill.] - illeg. tautonym
		[=Oxycoccus palustris Pers.]
		[=Oxycoccus palustris forma microphyllus Lange]
		[=Oxycoccus palustris subsp. microphyllus (Lange) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Oxycoccus palustris var. ovalifolius (Michx.) F. Seym.]
		[=Oxycoccus quadripetalus Gilib.]
		[=Oxycoccus quadripetalus subsp. microcarpus (Turcz. ex Rupr.) P. Fourn.]
		[=Oxycoccus quadripetalus var. microphyllus (Lange) Porsild]
		[=Vaccinium microcarpum (Turcz. ex Rupr.) J.D. Hook. 1861, non Schmalh. 1871]
		[=Vaccinium microphyllum (Lange) Hagerup]
		[=Vaccinium oxycoccos subsp. microcarpus (Turcz. ex Rupr.) A. Blytt 1905, non Kitam. 1972]
		[=Vaccinium oxycoccos var. intermedium A. Gray]
		[=Vaccinium oxycoccos var. microcarpus (Turcz. ex Rupr.) B. Fedtsch. & Flerov.]
		[=Vaccinium oxycoccos var. microphyllum (Lange) J.Rousseau & Raymond]
		[=Vaccinium oxycoccos var. ovalifolium Michx.]
		[Vaccinium oxycoccus var. microcarpum is reported as 2n =24; var. oxycoccus as 2n =48.]
[LN]	Vaccinium uliginosum L. 
	alpine bilberry, bog bilberry; Fr: airelle des marécages, bleuet traînard (SPM).  Circumpolar; S thr. Lab. & Nfld.
		[=Vaccinium gaultherioides Bigelow] 
		[=Vaccinium uliginosum subsp. alpinum (Bigelow) Hulten]
		[=Vaccinium uliginosum subsp. gaultherioides (Bigelow) S.B. Young]
		[=Vaccinium uliginosum subsp. microphyllum Lange]
		[=Vaccinium uliginosum var. alpinum Bigelow]
		[=Vaccinium uliginosum var. gaultherioides (Bigelow) Hultén]
[LN]	Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. subsp. minus (Lodd.) Hultén
partridgeberry (NF); mountain cranberry, foxberry (mainland Canada), lingonberry (Scandinavia); Fr: airelle rouge, berri (Miquelon).  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S thr. Lab. & Nfld.; acid.
		[=Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. var. minus Lodd.]
		[=Vitis-idaea vitis-idaea (L.) Britton]  
  
Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family 
[N] i	Euphorbia cyparissias L.
	cypress spurge; Fr: euphorbe cyprès.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Tithymalus cyparissias (L.) Hill] 
[N] i	Euphorbia helioscopia L.
	sun spurge; Fr: euphorbe réveille-matin.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Tithymalus helioscopia (L.) Hill] 
[N] i	Euphorbia peplus L.
	petty spurge; Fr: euphorbe des jardins.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Tithymalus peplus (L.) Hill]
  
Fabaceae  Pea Family
[N] i	Anthyllis vulneraria L.
	kidney vetch; Fr: vulnéraire, trèfle jaune des sables.  European; intr. in wNfld.
		[First Nfld. report appeared in Titford & Titford, 1995 (as Melampyrum lineare; photo). Verified specimens of Anthyllis vulneraria from Stephenville, wNfld., are deposited at MT and SWGC.]
	Astragalus alpinus L. 
[LN]	     var. alpinus
	     alpine milkvetch; Fr: astragale alpin.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to sLab., nwNfld.; often calc.
		[=Atelophragma alpinus (L.) Rydb.]
		[Classified as rare, Astragalus alpinus var. alpinus is known in Nfld. only from Burnt Cape Ecological Reserve and Quirpon Island, nwNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	     var. brunetianus Fernald
	     Labrador milkvetch, Brunet's milkvetch; Fr: astragale de Brunet.  Arctic-alpine eNA; S to w/cNfld.  
		[=Astragalus brunetianus (Fernald) J. Rousseau]
		[=Astragalus labradoricus DC.]
		[=Astragalus alpinus var. labradoricus (DC.) Fernald]
		[Classified as rare, Astragalus alpinus var. brunetianus is known in Nfld. from rocky and gravelly shores and sea cliffs (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Astragalus bodinii E. Sheldon
	Bodin's milkvetch; Fr: astragale de Bodin.  Boreal NA, Cordilleran disjunct.
		[=Astragalus bodinii E. Sheldon var. yukonis (M.E. Jones) B. Boivin]
		[=Astragalus stragalus Fernald] - type: Cook's Harbour, Pistolet Bay, nwNfld.
		[=Astragalus yukonis M.E. Jones]
		[Classified as rare, Astragalus bodinii is known in Nfld. only from turfy limestone shores in Cook's Harbour, nwNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Astragalus eucosmus B.L. Robinson subsp. eucosmus
elegant milkvetch; Fr: astragale élégant.  Arctic-alpine NA (disj.), S to nLab., w/nNfld.; calc.
		[=Astragalus eucosmus forma albinus Fernald] - type: HaHa Bay, nwNfld.
		[=Astragalus eucosmus var. facinorum Fernald] - type: Exploits R., cNfld.
		[=Astragalus eucosmus var. terrae-novae J. Rousseau] - type: Pistolet Bay, nwNfld.
		[=Astragalus eucosmus var. terrae novae forma cespitosus J. Rousseau] - type: Bay of Islands, wNfld.
		[=Astragalus eucosmus var. terrae novae forma villosus J. Rousseau] - type: HaHa (Raleigh), nwNfld.
		[=Atelophragma elegans (Hook.) Rydb.]
		[=Phaca elegans Hook.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Astragalus eucosmus is found in calcareous sites (Bouchard et al., 1991). There is one known location for Astragalus eucosmus in nLab., S.L. Welsh, pers. comm., 1999.]
	Astragalus robbinsii (Oakes) A. Gray
[LN]	     var. fernaldii (Rydb.) Barneby
	     Fernald's milkvetch; Fr: astragale de Fernald.  Strait of Belle Isle endemic, N to sLab. (Forteau); calc.
		[=Atelophragma fernaldii Rydb.] - type: sLab.
		[=Astragalus eucosmus B.L. Robinson var. fernaldii (Rydb.) B. Boivin]
		[=Astragalus fernaldii (Rydb.) H.F. Lewis]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Astragalus robbinsii var. fernaldii is known from calcareous rock and river gravel sites (Bouchard et al., 1991).]

[LN]	     var. minor (Hook.) Barneby
	     Blake's milkvetch; Fr: astragale mineur.  Cordilleran wNA;  disj. in nwNfld. & seLab.; calc.
		[=Phaca elegans Hook. var. minor Hook.]
		[=Astragalus blakei Eggl.]  
		[=Astragalus robbinsii var. blakei (Eggl.) Barneby]
		[Astragalus robbinsii var. minor is known from one specimen (revised from A. robbinsii var. fernaldii) from St. Paul's inlet, verified by Barneby (Bouchard et al., 1991).  Astragalus robbinsii var. minor is a candidate for rare species status in Nfld.  Labrador reports of var. minor are based on collections from sLab by Morisset and the NFRPP 1999 (MT).  The basionym of Astragalus robbinsii (Oakes) A. Gray is: Phaca robbinsii Oakes]
[N] i	Coronilla varia L.
	purple crownvetch; Fr: coronille bigarrée.  European; intr. in wNfld. through hydroseeding.
		[Reported from Flat Bay, Nfld. by Titford & Titford (1995); confirmed by H. Mann (SWGC).]
[LN]	Hedysarum alpinum L.
	alpine sweetvetch; Fr: sainfoin alpin.  Arctic-alpine, eEurasia (disj.); sLab. S to w/nw/cNfld.; calc.
		[=Hedysarum alpinum subsp. americanum (Michx. ex Pursh) B. Fedtsch.]
		[=Hedysarum alpinum var. americanum Michx. ex Pursh]
		[=Hedysarum alpinum var. americanum forma albiflorum (Standl.) Fernald]
		[=Hedysarum alpinum var. grandiflorum Rollins] - type: Anse aux Sauvages, Pistolet Bay, nwNfld.
		[=Hedysarum americanum (Michx. ex Pursh) Britton]
		[=Hedysarum americanum forma albiflorum Standl.]
[N]	Hedysarum boreale Nutt. subsp. mackenzii (Richardson) S.L. Welsh
	Mackenzie's sweetvetch; Fr: sainfoin de Mackenzie.  Boreal NA (disj.); wNfld.; calc.
		[=Hedysarum mackenzii Richardson in Franklin]
		[=Hedysarum americanum (Michx.) Britton var. mackenzii (Richardson) Britton]
		[=Hedysarum boreale var. mackenzii (Richardson) C.L. Hitchc.]
		[Classified as rare, Hedysarum boreale subsp. mackenzii is known in Nfld. only from limestone barrens on Cape St. George, Port au Port Peninsula, wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Lathyrus japonicus Willd.
beach pea; Fr: gesse du Japon, gesse maritime, pois de mer.  Coastal circumboreal (disj.); thr. coastal Nfld., N to nLab. (Nain).

		[=Lathyrus japonicus forma acutifolius (Bab.) Fernald]
		[=Lathyrus japonicus var. aleuticus (Greene) Fernald]
		[=Lathyrus japonicus var. aleuticus forma albinus Fernald] - type: North West River, Lab.
		[=Lathyrus japonicus var. glaber (Sér.) Fernald]
		[=Lathyrus japonicus var. maritimus (L.) J.T. Kartesz & K.N. Gandhi]
		[=Lathyrus japonicus var. pellitus Fernald]
		[=Lathyrus japonicus var. pellitus forma candicus Fernald] - type: Labrador
		[=Lathyrus japonicus subsp. maritimus (L.) P.W. Ball]
		[=Lathyrus maritimus (L.) Fries 1835, non Bigelow 1824]
		[=Lathyrus maritimus Bigelow non L. var. aleuticus Greene]
		[=Lathyrus maritimus var. acutifolius Bab.]
		[=Lathyrus maritima var. pellitus (Fernald) Gleason]
		[=Pisum maritimum L.]
		[=Pisum maritimum var. glaber Sér. in DC.]
	[Lathyrus odoratus  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Lathyrus palustris L.
	marsh vetchling; Fr: gesse palustre.  Circumboreal, disj. in NA; thr. Nfld. (except e), N to cLab. (disj. in nLab).
		[=Lathyrus macranthus (T.G. White) Rydb.]
		[=Lathyrus myrtifolius Mühl ex Willd.]
		[=Lathyrus myrtifolius var. macranthus T.G. White]
		[=Lathyrus palustris var. macranthus (T.G. White) Fernald]
		[=Lathyrus palustris var. pilosus (Cham.) Ledeb.]
		[=Lathyrus palustris var. retusus Fernald & H. St. John]
		[=Lathyrus pilosus Cham.]
[N] i	Lathyrus pratensis L.
	meadow vetchling, yellow vetchling; Fr: gesse des prés.  Eurasian; intr. in w/n/eNfld.
	[Lens culinaris  -  see Appendix II]
[LN] i	Lotus corniculatus L.
	birdsfoot trefoil; Fr: lotier corniculé.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to wLab.
		[First verified Labrador report of Lotus corniculatus is from Churchill Falls, wLab., collected by I. Watts, 1977 (NFM).]
[N] i	Lupinus nootkatensis Donn ex Sims
	Nootka lupine; Fr: lupin de Nootka.  Boreal wNA; intr. in eNfld. (Clarenville).
		[=Lupinus perennis L. subsp. nootkatensis (Donn ex Sims) L. Phillips]
[N] i	Lupinus perennis L.
	wild lupine; Fr: lupin vivace.  Temp. eNA; intr. in w/eNfld.
[N] i	Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.
	garden lupine; Fr: lupin polyphylle.  Boreal wNA; intr. in w/eNfld.
[N] i	Medicago lupulina L.
	black medick; Fr: luzerne lupuline.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/eNfld.
		[=Medicago lupulina var. glandulosa Neilr.]
[LN] i	Medicago sativa L.
	alfalfa, Lucerne; Fr: luzerne cultivée.  Eurasian; intr. in w/cNfld., wLab.
		[First verified Labrador report of Medicago sativa is from Churchill Falls (hydroseeded dyke), wLab., I. Watts, 1975 (NFM); recollected from Churchill Falls in 1999, J.E. Maunder (NFM); Medicago sativa has also been noticed on hyrdroseeded roadsides in central and western Nfld. (NFM).]
[LN] i	Melilotus albus Medik.
	white sweetclover, white melilot; Fr: trèfle d'odeur, mélilot blanc.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Melilotus alba Desr. in Lam.] - nom. illeg.
		[=Sertula alba (Medik.) Kuntze]
[LN] i	Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas
	yellow sweetclover; Fr: trèfle d'odeur jaune, mélilot jaune.  European; intr. in w/eNfld., N to wLab.
		[=Trifolium melilotus-officinalis L.]

		[First verified Labrador report of Melilotus officinalis (hydroseeded dyke) is from Churchill Falls, collected by I. Watts, 1975 (NFM); the persistence of the Labrador population is unknown.]
[L] e	Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.
	sainfoin; Fr: sainfoin cultivé, esparcette.  Eurasian; intr. in wLab.
		[First verified Labrador report of Onobrychis viciifolia is from Churchill Falls (hydroseeded dyke), collected by I. Watts, 1975 (NFM); the persistence of this population is unknown.]
	[Oxytropis arctica  -  see Appendix I]
	Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. 
[LN]	     var. johannensis Fernald
	     field oxytrope; Fr: oxytrope du fleuve Saint-Jean.  Boreal eNA; w/nwNfld., N to s/cLab.; calc.
		[=Aragallus campestris (L.) DC. var. caerulea A. Heller]
		[=Aragallus campestris var. johannensis (Fernald) Fernald ex J.M Macoun]
		[=Aragallus johannensis (Fernald) A. Heller]
		[=Oxytropis campestris var. caerulea sensu Fernald 1911]
		[=Oxytropis johannensis (Fernald) Fernald]
		[One Labrador citation of Oxytropis campestris var. johannensis Fernald is known from Grand Lake, Northwest River area (CAN), S. Welsh, pers. comm., 1999; var. johannensis has also been collected  in seLab. (L'Anse Amour), J.E. Maunder 1998 (NFM), NFRPP 1999 (MT) and east of Blanc Sablon, in Lab., NFRPP 1999 (MT).   Basionym of Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC.: Astragalus campestris L.]
[LN]	     var. minor (Hook.) S.L. Welsh
	     Newfoundland oxytrope; Fr: oxytrope de Terre-Neuve.  Boreal-subarctic eNA; w/nwNfld., N to nLab.; calc.
		[=Oxytropis uralensis ( minor Hook.] - type: Labrador.
		[=Oxytropis campestris var. terrae-novae (Fernald) Barneby ]
		[=Oxytropis terrae-novae Fernald] - type: St. John Island, nwNfld.

[LN]	Oxytropis deflexa (Pallas) DC. var. foliolosa (Hook.) Barneby 
pendantpod oxytrope; Fr: oxytrope à folioles nombreuses. Arctic-alpine NA (disj.); S to nLab. (Rowsell Harbour), w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Oxytropis foliolosa Hook.]
		[=Aragallus foliolosus (Hook.) J.M. Macoun]
		[=Astragalus deflexus Pallas var. foliolosus (Hook.) Tideström]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Oxytropis deflexa var. foliolosa is found in turfy limestone barrens and talus (Bouchard et al., 1991). Basionym of Oxytropis deflexa (Pallas) DC.: Astragalus deflexus Pallas.]
	[Oxytropis maydelliana  -  see Appendix I]
[L]	Oxytropis podocarpa A. Gray
inflated oxytrope; Fr: oxytrope à gros fruits.  Arctic-alpine NA, Cordilleran disjunct; N to nLab.; calc.
		[=Aragallus podocarpus (A. Gray) A. Nelson]
		[=Oxytropis arctica R.Br. * (var.) inflata Hook.]
		[=Oxytropis inflata (Hook.) Steffen]
		[=Spiesia podocarpa (A. Gray) Kuntze]
		[Type of Oxytropis podocarpa A. Gray: Labrador (unspecified location).]
	[Pisum sativum  -  see Appendix II]
[N] i	Thermopsis gracilis Howell var. ovata (B.L. Robinson ex Piper) M. Mendenhall
	common thermopsis; Fr: thermopsis à feuilles ovées.  Temp. wUS; intr. in eNfld.  
		[=Thermopsis ovata B.L. Robinson ex Piper]
		[=Thermopsis montana var. ovata (B.L. Robinson ex Piper) H. St. John]
		[=Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richardson var. ovata (B.L. Robinson ex Piper) Isely]
		[There is one known naturalized population of Thermopsis in Nfld.: an abandoned lot in St. John's Nfld. (MT); this population has persisted for at least 25 years.  The plants were first identified as Thermopsis montana Nutt. in Rouleau (1978); recent reports, which indicate this report should be referred to Thermopsis villosa (Kartesz 1999), are incorrect.]
[N] i	Trifolium arvense L.
	rabbitfoot clover; Fr: trèfle des champs, trèfle pied-de-lièvre.  Eurasian; intr. in cNfld.
[LN] i	Trifolium aureum Pollich
	golden clover, hop clover; Fr: trèfle doré, trèfle agraire.  Eurasian; N to cLab.; intr. in w/c/eNfld.
		[=Trifolium agrarium L.] - nom. ambig.
[LN] i	Trifolium hybridum L.
	alsike clover; Fr: trèfle alsike.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab. 
		[=Trifolium elegans Savi]
		[=Trifolium hybridum var. elegans (Savi) Boiss.]
[LN] i	Trifolium pratense L.
	red clover; Fr: trèfle rouge, trèfle des prés.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Trifolium pratense var. sativum (Mill.) Schreb.]
[LN] i	Trifolium repens L.
	white clover; Fr: trèfle rampant, trèfle blanc.   Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld.; N to cLab. (Churchill). 
[LN] i	Vicia cracca L. subsp. cracca
	cow vetch, tufted vetch; Fr: vesce jargeau.  Eurasian; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
	[Vicia faba  -  see Appendix II]
	[Vicia hirsuta  -  see Appendix I]
	Vicia sativa L.
[N] i	   subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.
	   narrowleaf vetch; Fr: vesce noire.  Eurasian, intr. in eNfld.
		[=Vicia sativa var. nigra L.]
		[=Vicia angustifolia L.]
		[=Vicia angustifolia subsp. segetalis (Thuill.) Nyman]
		[=Vicia angustifolia var. segetalis (Thuill.) W.D.J. Koch.]
		[=Vicia angustifolia var. uncinata (Desv. ex Boreau) Rouy]
		[=Vicia sativa var. segetalis (Thuill.) Sér. in DC.]
		[=Vicia segetalis Thuill.]
		[=Vicia uncinata Desv. ex Boreau]
[N] i	   subsp. sativa
	   spring vetch; Fr: vesce cultivée.  Eurasian, intr. in wNfld.
		[=Vicia sativa var. linearis Lange]
[N] e	Vicia sepium L. var. sepium
	bush vetch; Fr: vesce des haies.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[Only one report of Vicia sepium from Nfld.: Church of England Cemetery, St. John’s, A. Ayre, 1932.]
[N] i	Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb.
	slender vetch; Fr: vesce à quatre graines.  Eurasian; intr. in wNfld.
		[=Ervum tetraspermum L.]

[Fagaceae, Beech Family  -  see Appendix II]
[Fumariaceae  -  see Papaveraceae]

Gentianaceae  Gentian Family
[N]	Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl.
	screwstem, branched bartonia; Fr: bartonie à étamines violettes.  Coastal plain of neNA; thr. Nfld. (except ne).
		[=Centaurella paniculata Michx.]
		[=Bartonia iodandra B.L. Robinson]
		[=Bartonia iodandra var. sabulonensis Fernald]
		[=Bartonia paniculata subsp. iodandra (B.L. Robinson) J.M. Gillett]
		[=Bartonia paniculata var. iodandra (B.L. Robinson) Fernald]
		[=Bartonia paniculata var. sabulonensis (Fernald) Fernald]
		[Plants of Bartonia paniculata in the northern part of species range have been recognized as subsp. iodandra; introgression with the typical form is reported further south.   Differences in NF plants appear to be phenotypic variation, so subspecific ranks have not been recognized in this checklist.]
[N]	Bartonia virginica (L.) B.S.P.
	yellow bartonia; Fr: bartonie de Virginie. Coastal plain of eNA; s/swNfld.
		[=Sagina virginica L.]
		[=Bartonia tenella Willd.]
		[New to the province, Bartonia virginica was first collected in Nfld. at Burgeo, sNfld., and near Doyles, seNfld., by the NFRPP 2000.]
[L]	Gentiana linearis Froel.
	narrowleaf gentian; Fr: gentiane à feuilles linéaires. Boreal eNA; wLab.
		[=Dasystephana linearis (Froel.) Britton] 
[L]	Gentiana nivalis L.
	snowy gentian; Fr: gentiane des neiges.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; S to nLab. (Okak).
[LN]	Gentianella amarella (L.) Börner subsp. acuta (Michx.) J.M. Gillett
	northern gentian; Fr: gentiane à pétales aigus.  Boreal NA (mainly cordilleran); w/nw/sNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Gentiana acuta Michx.] 
		[=Amarella acuta (Michx.) Raf.]
		[=Gentiana amarella L. forma michauxiana Fernald]
		[=Gentiana amarella var. acuta (Michx.) Herder]
		[=Gentianella acuta (Michx.) Hiitonen]
[LN]	Gentianella propinqua (Richardson) J.M. Gillett subsp. propinqua
	fourpart gentian; Fr: gentiane fausse-amarelle.  Boreal NA, mainly nwNA; coastal nwNfld., N to seLab.
		[=Gentiana propinqua Richardson in Franklin] 
		[=Amarella propinqua (Richardson) Greene]
		[=Gentiana arctophila Griseb.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Gentianella propinqua is known from turfy limestone barrens along the coast of the upper Great Northern Peninsula. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Gentianopsis nesophila (T.Holm) Iltis
	island gentian; Fr: gentiane des îles.  Arctic eNA; coastal w/nwNfld.
		[=Gentiana nesophila T.Holm]
		[=Gentiana detonsa Rottbøll var. nesophila (T.Holm) B. Boivin]
		[=Gentianella detonsa (Rottbøll) G.Don subsp. nesophila (T.Holm) J.M. Gillett]
		[Gentianopsis nesophila is endemic to wNfld., Mingan Is., Anticosti Is., and James Bay.]
[LN]	Halenia deflexa (Smith) Griseb.
spurred gentian; Fr: halénie défléchie.  Boreal NA; thr. coastal Nfld., N to sLab (Cartwright).
		[=Swertia deflexa Smith]
		[=Halenia brentoniana Griseb.]
		[=Halenia deflexa forma heterantha (Griseb.) Fernald]
		[=Halenia deflexa subsp. brentoniana (Griseb.) J.M. Gillett]
		[=Halenia deflexa var. brentoniana (Griseb.) A. Gray]
		[=Halenia heterantha Griseb.]
		[Plants of Halenia deflexa in the Gulf of St. Lawrence area have been recognized as var. bretoniana, but introgression with the typical form does occur.  Differences in NF plants appear to be typical phenotypic variation (protected sites have taller plants, exposed sites have shorter, more compact plants), so subspecific ranks have not been recognized in this checklist.]
[LN]	Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries ex Nyman subsp. rotatum   
	marsh felwort; Fr: lomatogone rotacé.  Circumboreal (disj.); w/nNfld., N to nLab. (ca. 58°N).
		[=Swertia rotata L.]
		[=Gentiana rotata (L.) Froel. 1796, non Willd 1797]
		[=Pleurogyne rotata (L.) G.Don 1837, non Griseb. 1839]
		[=Pleurogyne rotata var. americana Griseb. in Hook.] - type: Labrador.

Geraniaceae  Geranium Family
[L] e	Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton
	stork's bill, pinclover, alfilaria; Fr: érodium cicutaire.  Eurasian; intr. in nLab.
		[=Geranium cicutarium L.]
		[Introduced in nLab. (Hopedale) (Scoggan 1978), but apparently not persistent.]
[N]	Geranium bicknellii Britton
	Bicknell's geranium; Fr: géranium de Bicknell.  Boreal NA; cNfld.
	[Geranium ibericum  -  see Appendix II]
[LN] i	Geranium pratense L.
	meadow geranium; Fr: géranium des prés.  Eurasian; intr. in w/nwNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Geranium pratense forma albiflorum Opiz]
[N]	Geranium robertianum L.
	herb robert; Fr: herbe à Robert, géranium de Robert.  Boreal amphi-atlantic (mainly); w/ne/eNfld.
		[=Geranium robertianum forma albiflorum (G.Don) House]
		[=Geranium robertianum var. albiflorum G.Don]
		[=Robertiella robertiana (L.) Hanks]
  
Grossulariaceae  Currant Family
[LN]	Ribes glandulosum Grauer
	skunk currant; Fr: gadellier glanduleux.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Ribes prostratum L'Hér.]  
		[=Ribes resinosum Pursh]
[LN]	Ribes hirtellum Michx.
	smooth gooseberry; Fr: groseillier hérissé.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to sLab.
		[=Grossularia hirtella (Michx.) Spach]  
		[=Ribes hirtellum var. saxosum (Hook.) Fernald]  
		[=Ribes oxycanthoides L. var. hirtellum (Michx.) Scoggan]  
		[=Ribes oxycanthoides var. saxosum (Hook.) Coville]
		[=Ribes saxosum Hook.]
		[Lab. reports of Ribes hirtellum refer to Waghorne's collections from l'Anse au Clair (Rousseau 1974).]
[LN]	Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.
	bristly black currant; Fr: gadellier lacustre.  Boreal NA, eAsia; w/nw/cNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Ribes oxycanthoides L. var. lacustre Pers.]
	[Ribes nigrum  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Ribes triste Pallas
	swamp red currant; Fr: gadellier amer.  Boreal NA, eAsia; w/cNfld., N to sLab.
		[=Ribes albinervium Michx.]
		[=Ribes propinquum Turcz.]
		[=Ribes triste var. albinervium (Michx.) Fernald]
	[Ribes uva-crispa var. sativum  -  see Appendix II]
  
Haloragaceae  Water-Milfoil Family 
[L?N]	Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC.
	alternateflowered watermilfoil; Fr: myriophylle à fleurs alternes. Boreal amphi-Atlantic; w/nw/c/eNfld.; aq.
		[Labrador reports of Myriophyllum alterniflorum require confirmation.]
[N]	Myriophyllum farwellii Morong
	Farwell's watermilfoil; Fr: myriophylle de Farwell.  nTemp. eNA; N to eNfld.; aq.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Myriophyllum farwellii is known only from one oligotrophic bog pool,  Harbour Main, eNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Myriophyllum sibiricum Kom.
spiked watermilfoil; Fr: myriophylle de Sibérie, myriophylle blanchissant.  Boreal NA, eAsia; w/nwNfld., N to cLab.; calc., aq.
		[=Myriophyllum exalbescens Fernald]
		[=Myriophyllum spicatum L. var. exalbescens (Fernald) Jeps.]
		[=Myriophyllum magdalenense Fernald]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Myriophyllum sibiricum is found in pools over limestone bedrock in western Nfld. and the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Myriophyllum tenellum Bigelow
	slender watermilfoil; Fr: myriophylle grêle.  nTemp. eNA; w/c/eNfld.; aq.
[N]	Myriophyllum verticillatum L.
	whorled watermilfoil; Fr: myriophylle verticillé.  Circumboreal (disj. in Asia); w/nw/cNfld.; aq.
		[=Myriophyllum verticillatum var. pectinatum Wallr.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Myriophyllum verticillatum is found in quiet waters of streams and shallow ponds (Bouchard et al., 1991).]

[Hippocastanaceae  -  see Sapindaceae]
[Hippuridaceae  -  see Plantaginaceae]
[Hydrocotylaceae  -  see Araliaceae]

Lamiaceae (or Labiatae)  Mint Family
[N] i	Ajuga reptans L.
	common bugle, carpet bugleweed; Fr: bugle rampante.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
[N]	Clinopodium vulgare L.
	dogmint, wild basil; Fr: sarriette vulgaire.  Temp. NA, Eurasia; w/nw/c/eNfld.
		[=Satureja vulgaris (L.) Fritsch var. neogaea Fernald]
[N] e	Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt.
	American dragonhead; Fr: dracocéphale parviflore.  Boreal wNA; intr. in wNfld.
		[=Moldavica parviflora (Nutt.) Britton]
		[Reports of Dracocephalum parviflorum are mapped in Gill (1981); a single collection is reported from Cormack, wNfld. (MT).]
[L] e	Dracocephalum thymiflorum L.
	thymeflowered dragonhead; Fr: dracocéphale à fleurs de thym.  Eurasian; intr. in wLab.
		[=Moldavica thymiflora (L.) Rydb.]
		[First verified Labrador report of Dracocephalum thymiflorum is from a hydroseeded dyke, Churchill Falls, wLab. I. Watts, 1975. Gill (1981) reports that this species does not persist for more than a couple of years except in wNA.]
[N] i	Galeopsis bifida Boenn.
	bifid hempnettle; Fr: galéopside bifide.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to w/cLab. (Rigolet).
		[=Galeopsis tetrahit L. subsp. bifida (Boenn.) Fries 1839, non Hartm., 1846] 
		[=Galeopsis tetrahit var. bifida (Boenn.) Lej. & Court.]
		[=Galeopsis tetrahit var. bifida forma albiflora House]
	[Galeopsis ladanum  -  see Appendix I]
[LN] i	Galeopsis tetrahit L.
	common hempnettle; Fr: otrie royale, galéopside à tige carrée.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to ?cLab.
[LN] i	Glechoma hederacea L.
	ground ivy, gill-over-the-ground; Fr: glécome lierre, lierre terrestre.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld., N to sLab.
		[=Glechoma hederacea var. micrantha Moric.]
		[=Glechoma hederacea var. parviflora (Benth.) House]
		[=Nepeta glechoma Benth.]
		[=Nepeta hederacea (L.) Trevisan]
		[=Nepeta hederacea var. parviflora Benth.]
[LN] i	Lamium amplexicaule L.
	henbit; Fr: lamier amplexicaule, pain de poule.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld., N to sLab. (Forteau).
[N] i	Lamium hybridum Villars & Gams in Hegi
	cutleaf henbit; Fr: lamier hybride.  Eurasian; intr. in s/ne/eNfld.
		[=Lamium incisum Willd.]
		[=Lamium purpureum L. var. incisum (Willd.) Pers.]
[N] i	Lamium maculatum L.
	spotted deadnettle; Fr: lamier maculé.  European; intr. in wNfld.
[N] i	Lamium purpureum L.
	purple deadnettle; Fr: lamier pourpre.  Eurasian; intr. in w/s/eNfld.
[N]	Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W.P.C. Barton
	cutleaf bugleweed, waterhorehound; Fr: lycope d’Amérique.  Temp. NA; N to w/c/eNfld.
[LN]	Lycopus uniflorus Michx.
	northern bugleweed; Fr: lycope uniflore.  Temp. NA, eAsia; thr. Nfld., N to cLab (Goose Bay).
		[=Lycopus uniflorus var. ovatus Fernald & H. St. John]
[LN]	Mentha arvensis L. subsp. borealis (Michx.) Roy L. Taylor & MacBryde
	wild mint; Fr: menthe des champs, menthe du Canada.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay).
		[=Mentha borealis Michx.]
		[=Mentha arvensis forma glabra (Benth.) S.R. Stewart]
		[=Mentha arvensis forma glabrata (Benth.) S.R. Stewart]
		[=Mentha arvensis forma lanata (Piper) S.R. Stewart]
		[=Mentha arvensis var. canadensis (L.) Kuntze]
		[=Mentha arvensis var. glabra Benth.]
		[=Mentha arvensis var. glabrata (Benth.) Fernald]
		[=Mentha arvensis var. lanata Piper]
		[=Mentha arvensis var. villosa (Benth.) S.R. Stewart]
		[=Mentha arvensis var. villosa forma glabrata (Benth.) S.R. Stewart]
		[=Mentha canadensis L.]
		[=Mentha canadensis var. glabrata Benth.]
		[=Mentha canadensis var. villosa Benth.]
[N] i	Mentha cardiaca Baker
	red mint, heart mint; Fr: menthe noble, menthe rouge.  European; intr. in w/eNfld.
		[=Mentha gentilis auct. non L.] 
		[=Mentha Xgentilis nmorph. cardiaca (Baker) B. Boivin]
		[=Mentha Xgracilis Sole (pro sp.) (arvensis X spicata)]
		[Scoggan reports a collection of Mentha cardiaca from the Bay of Islands (GH); also found on the Avalon Peninsula, Titford & Titford (1995) and J. Maunder, pers. comm. 1999 (NFM).]
	[Mentha Xpiperita  -  see Appendix II]
[N] i	Nepeta cataria L.
	catnip; Fr: herbe à chats, cataire.  Eurasian; intr. in wNfld.
[LN]	Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. lanceolata (W.P.C. Barton) Hultén
	selfheal, healall; Fr: brunelle vulgaire. Boreal NA; thr. Nfld. (except nw), N to cLab.
		[=Prunella pensylvanica var. lanceolata W.P.C. Barton]
		[=Prunella vulgaris forma iodocalyx Fernald] - type: Port au Port, wNfld.
		[=Prunella vulgaris forma rhodantha Fernald]
		[=Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata (W.P.C. Barton) Fernald]
		[It is uncertain if the Eurasian subsp. vulgaris occurs in Nfld. or Labrador.]
	[Satureja hortensis  -  see Appendix II]
	[Satureja vulgaris  -  see Clinopodium vulgare]
	[Scutellaria epilobiifolia  -  see Scutellaria galericulata]
[LN]	Scutellaria galericulata L.
	marsh skullcap; Fr: scutellaire toque, scutellaire à feuilles d’épilobe.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Scutellaria epilobiifolia A. Hamilton]
		[=Scutellaria epilobiifolia forma albiflora (Millsp.) Fernald]
		[=Scutellaria galericulata forma albiflora Millsp.]
		[=Scutellaria galericulata var. epilobiifolia (A. Hamilton) Jordal]
		[=Scutellaria galericulata var. pubescens Benth.]
[N]	Scutellaria lateriflora L.
	blue skullcap, maddog skullcap; Fr: scutellaire latériflore.  Temp.-sBoreal NA; w/cNfld.
[N] i	Stachys palustris L.
marsh hedgenettle; Fr: épiaire des marais.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld.

		[=Stachys palustris var. petiolata Clos]
		[Mulligan et al. (1983, 1989) report that Stachys palustris is a hexaploid European weed that is introduced in our area.  Stachys pilosa, native to Quebec and westward, is absent from the rest of eastern Canada.]
	[Stachys pilosa  -  see Appendix I]

Lentibulariaceae  Bladderwort Family
[L]	Pinguicula villosa L.
hairy butterwort; Fr: grassette velue.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.); S to cLab. (Indian Harbour).
[LN]	Pinguicula vulgaris L.
	common butterwort; Fr: grassette vulgaire.  Circumboreal (disj.); thr. Nfld, N to nLab. (ca. 60°); calc.
		[=Pinguicula vulgaris var. americana A. Gray]
[LN]	Utricularia cornuta Michx.
	horned bladderwort; Fr: utriculaire cornue.  Temp.-Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay).
		[=Stomoisia cornuta (Michx.) Raf.]
[N]	Utricularia geminiscapa Benj.
hiddenfruit bladderwort; Fr: utriculaire à scapes géminés.  Temp. eNA; N to w/nw/s/cNfld ; aq.
		[=Utricularia clandestina Nutt.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Utricularia geminiscapa is known from pools in bogs or peaty barrens (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Utricularia intermedia Hayne
	flatleaf bladderwort; Fr: utriculaire intermédiaire.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay); aq.
[LN]	Utricularia macrorhiza Leconte
	common bladderwort; Fr: utriculaire vulgaire.  Boreal NA and eAsia; thr. Nfld. (except ne), N to cLab.; aq.
		[=Megozipa macrorhiza (Leconte) Raf.]
		[=Utricularia vulgaris sensu Rouleau 1978, non L.]
		[=Utricularia vulgaris subsp. macrorhiza (Leconte) R.T. Clausen]
		[=Utricularia vulgaris var. americana A. Gray]
[LN]	Utricularia minor L.
	small bladderwort; Fr: utriculaire mineure.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Makkovik); aq.
[L]	Utricularia xochroleuca R.W. Hartm. (intermedia x minor)
pale bladderwort; Fr: utriculaire jaunâtre.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld. in the overlapping range of parents; aq.
		[=Utricularia occidentalis A. Gray]
[N]	Utricularia purpurea Walter
	purple bladderwort; Fr: utriculaire pourpre.  Temp. eNA; N to w/s/eNfld.; aq.
		[=Vesiculina purpurea (Walter) Raf.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Utricularia purpurea is an aquatic in ponds and may be undercollected.]

Linaceae  Flax Family
[N] i	Linum catharticum L.
	fairy flax; Fr:lin purgatif.  Eurasian; intr. in w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Carthartolinum cartharticum (L.) Small]
[N] e	Linum usitatissimum L.
	common flax; Fr: lin utile. Eurasian; intr. in Nfld.
		[Linum usitatissimum, a component of some commercial birdseed mixes, is a short-lived introduction.]

[Lobeliaceae  -  see Campanulaceae]
[Loranthaceae  -  see Santalaceae]

Lythraceae  - Loosestrife Family
[N] i	Lythrum salicaria L.
	purple loosestrife; Fr: salicaire commune.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/eNfld.

Malvaceae  Mallow Family  (including Tiliaceae)
[N] i	Malva moschata L.
	muskmallow; Fr: mauve musquée.  European; intr. in w/eNfld.
[N] i	Malva neglecta Wallr.
	common mallow; Fr: mauve négligée.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Malva rotundifolia auct. non L.]
	[Tilia Xvulgaris  -  see Appendix II]

Menyanthaceae  Buckbean Family
[LN]	Menyanthes trifoliata L.
	bogbean, buckbean; Fr: ményanthe trifolié, trèfle d’eau.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Cape Harrigan).
		[=Menyanthes trifoliata var. minor Raf.]
[N]	Nymphoides cordata (Elliott) Fernald
	floatingheart; Fr: faux-nymphéa à feuilles cordées.  eNA coastal plain & Great Lakes region; s/c/eNfld.; aq.
		[=Villarsia cordata Elliott]
		[=Nymphoides lacunosa (Vent.) Kuntze]
		[=Villarsia lacunosa Vent.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Nymphoides cordata is a shallow water aquatic (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
  
[Monotropaceae - see Ericaceae]

Myricaceae  Wax-Myrtle Family
[LN]	Myrica gale L.
sweet gale; Fr: myrique baumier, bois-sent-bon.  Circumboreal (disj.); thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Gale palustris (Lam.) Chevall.]
		[=Gale palustris var. subglabra Chevall.]
		[=Myrica gale var. subglabra (Chevall.) Fernald]
		[=Myrica palustris Lam.]
[N]	Myrica pensylvanica Mirbel 
	northern bayberry, candleberry; Fr: myrique de Pennsylvanie.  Temp. eNA, mainly coastal plain; N to w/sNfld.
		[=Myrica carolinensis auct. non Mill.]
		[=Myrica cerifera auct. non L.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Myrica pensylvanica is known from sand dunes and coastal barrens on the south coast, and from fens over serpentine bedrock in wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).  The authority of Myrica pensylvanica is sometimes given as Loisel., however, the Missouri Botanic Garden Tropicos Database notes that the citation of Loisel. is incorrect.]

Nymphaeaceae  Waterlily Family 
	[Brasenia schreberi  -  see Cabombaceae]
	[Nuphar microphylla  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Nuphar Xrubrodisca Morong  (microphylla X variegata)
	red pondlily; Fr: nénuphar à disque rouge.  Boreal eNA; cNfld.; aq.
		[=Nuphar lutea (L.) Smith subsp. rubrodisca (Morong) Hellq. & Wiersema]
		[=Nymphaea rubrodisca (Morong) Greene]
		[=Nymphozanthus rubrodiscus (Morong) Fernald] - invalid genus
[A confirmed specimen exists from Grand Falls (US), D. Padgett, pers. comm. 1998. Note: Often published as neuter (rubrodiscum), Nuphar was originally assigned the feminine gender (FNA vol. 3).]
[LN]	Nuphar variegata Durand in Clinton
yellow pondlily, bullhead, spatterdock; Fr: grand nénuphar jaune, nénuphar à fleurs panachées.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.; aq.
		[=Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T. Aiton var. variegata (Durand) A. Gray]
		[=Nuphar lutea (L.) Smith subsp. variegata (Durand) E.O. Beal]

		[=Nymphaea advena Aiton var. variegata (Durand) Fernald]
		[=Nymphaea americana G.S. Mill. & Standl.]
		[=Nymphaea variegata (Durand) G.S. Mill.]
		[=Nymphozanthus variegatus (Durand) Fernald] - invalid genus
		[The report of Nuphar microphylla from swLabrador is referred to Nuphar variegata (G. Lamoureux, pers. comm.).  Often published as neuter (variegatum), Nuphar was originally assigned the feminine gender (FNA vol. 3).]
[N]	Nymphaea odorata Dryand. ex Aiton subsp. odorata
fragrant waterlily, water nymph; Fr: nymphéa odorant, lis d’eau. Temp. NA to CA; thr. Nfld. (except nw); aq.
		[=Castalia odorata (Dryand. ex Aiton) Woodv. & Wood in Rees]

Oleaceae  Olive Family
	[Fraxinus excelsior  -  see Appendix II]
[N]	Fraxinus nigra Marshall
	black ash; Fr: frêne noir, frêne gras.  Temp. eNA; w/neNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Fraxinus nigra is known from alluvial thickets and alder swamps slopes, and from the base of limestone talus slopes between wNfld. and Halls Bay, neNfld.  A report from eNfld. (near Pouch Cove) is undoubtedly planted.]
	[Ligustrum vulgare, Syringa vulgaris  -  see Appendix II]

Onagraceae  Evening-Primrose Family
	Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub
	fireweed; Fr: épilobe à feuilles étroites, bouquets rouges.  Circumboreal; N thr. Nfld. & Lab.
[LN]	   subsp. angustifolium
		[=Epilobium angustifolium L.]
		[=Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.]
		[=Chamaenerion angustifolium var. intermedium (Wormsk.) Lange]
		[=Chamaenerion angustifolium var. spectabile Simmons]
		[=Epilobium angustifolium forma albiflorum (Dumort.) Hausskn.]
		[=Epilobium angustifolium forma spectabile (Simmons) Fernald]
		[=Epilobium angustifolium var. intermedium (Wormsk.) Fernald]
		[=Epilobium intermedium Wormsk.]
		[=Epilobium spicatum Lam.]
		[=Epilobium spicatum var. albiflorum Dumort.]
		[In the Gray Card Index (Internet version), Lange is incorrectly listed as the parenthetical author of Epilobium angustifolium var. intermedium (Wormsk.) Fernald; see Fernald, 1918: Rhodora 20:5.]
[N]	   subsp. circumvagum (Mosq.) P. Hoch Apr.1999, non J.T. Kartesz Aug. 1999
		[=Epilobium angustifolium subsp. circumvagum Mosq.]
		[=Epilobium angustifolium forma macrophyllum Hausskn.]
		[=Epilobium angustifolium subsp. macrophyllum (Hausskn.) Hultén]
		[=Epilobium angustifolium var. macrophyllum (Hausskn.) Fernald]
		[It is assumed that subsp. circumvagum probably extend into seLabrador, as specimens of this subspecies are reported from close to the Quebec-Labrador border (P. Hoch, pers. comm., 2000); however no specimens have yet been collected.  Chamerion angustifolium subsp. angustifolium is diploid (n=18), while subsp. circumvagum is tetraploid (n=36).]
[LN]	Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub
	river beauty; Fr: épilobe à feuilles larges.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S thr. Lab., mainly w/nwNfld., also s/c/ne.
		[=Epilobium latifolium L]
		[=Chamaenerion latifolium (L.) Sweet]
[LN]	Circaea alpina L. subsp. alpina
	dwarf enchanter's nightshade; Fr: circée alpine.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
	[Circaea lutetiana subsp. canadensis  -  see Appendix I]
	[Epilobium alpinum  -  see Epilobium lactiflorum and Epilobium anagallidifolium]
[LN]	Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam.
alpine willowherb, pimpernel willowherb; Fr: épilobe à feuilles de mouron.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.);  S to sLab, w/nwNfld.; snowbeds.
		[=Epilobium alpinum L. p.p.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Epilobium anagallidifolium is known from alpine snowbeds and moist thickets (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Epilobium angustifolium  -  see Chamerion angustifolium]
	Epilobium ciliatum Raf. 
[LN]	   subsp. ciliatum
	   hairy willowherb, northern willowherb; Fr: épilobe cilié.  Temp.-Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn.]
		[=Epilobium americanum Hausskn.]
		[=Epilobium glandulosum Lehm. var. adenocaulon (Hausskn.) Fernald]
		[=Epilobium glandulosum var. macounii (Trelease) C.L. Hitchc.]
		[=Epilobium leptocarpum Hausskn. var. macounii Trelease]
		[NF reports of western North American Epilobium leptocarpum Hausskn. refer to var. macounii Trelease, which is a synonym of Epilobium ciliatum subsp. ciliatum.]
[LN]	    subsp. glandulosum (Lehm.) Hoch & P.H. Raven
 	    glandular willowherb; Fr: épilobe glanduleux.  Boreal NA, eAsia; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Epilobium glandulosum Lehm.]
		[=Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn. var. occidentale Trelease]
		[=Epilobium boreale Hausskn.]
		[=Epilobium glandulosum var. cardiophyllum Fernald]
		[=Epilobium glandulosum var. occidentale (Trelease) Fernald]
		[=Epilobium watsonii Barbey var. occidentale (Trelease) C.L. Hitchc.]

[N]	Epilobium coloratum Sprengel in Biehler
	purpleveined willowherb; Fr: épilobe coloré.  Temp. eNA; N to eNfld.
		[This temperate eastern North American willowherb is a new addition to the NF flora (as is the hybrid with E. ciliatum, E. Xwisconsinense), reported by P. Hoch (pers. comm., 2000) from specimens annotated during his revision of the genus Epilobium.]
[N]	Epilobium davuricum Fisch. ex Hornem.
	Dahurian willowherb; Fr: épilobe de Daourie.  Circumboreal (disj.); N to nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Epilobium palustre L. var. davuricum (Fisch. ex Hornem.) S.L. Welsh]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Epilobium davuricum is known from peaty depressions in limestone barrens (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Epilobium glandulosum  -  see Epilobium ciliatum subsp. glandulosum]
[LN]	Epilobium hornemannii Rchb. subsp. hornemannii
	Hornemann's willowherb; Fr: épilobe de Hornemann.   Boreal e,wNA, eAsia, nwEurope; w/nwNfld., N thr. Lab.
		[=Epilobium alpinum L. var. nutans Hornem.]
		[=Epilobium steckerianum Fernald] - type: Ramah, nLab.
		[Epilobium steckerianum is actually a synonym of E. hornemannii, not E. saximontanum, as reported in most databases and following Munz's 1965 treatment of Epilobium (P. Hoch, pers. comm., 5/2000). See also comments under E. saximontanum.]
[LN]	Epilobium lactiflorum Hausskn.
milky willowherb; Fr: épilobe lactiflore.  Boreal cordilleran disjunct, nwEurope; w/nwNfld., N to nLab.
		[=Epilobium alpinum L. forma lactiflorum (Hausskn.) A.H. Moore]
		[=Epilobium alpinum var. lactiflorum (Hausskn.) C.L. Hitchc.]
		[=Epilobium alpinum sensu Fernald 1926]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Epilobium lactiflorum is known from brooksides and alpine ravines north of the Bay of Islands, wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Epilobium latifolium  -  see Chamerion latifolium]
	[Epilobium leptocarpum  -  see Epilobium ciliatum subsp. ciliatum notes and Appendix I]
[N]	Epilobium leptophyllum Raf.
	bog willowherb, narrowleaf willowherb; Fr: épilobe à feuilles étroites.  Boreal NA; w/nw/c/eNfld.

		[=Epilobium densum (Raf.) Schmaltz var. nesophilum Fernald]
		[=Epilobium nesophilum (Fernald) Fernald p.p.]
		[Labrador reports of Epilobium leptophyllum are unvalidated (P. Hoch, pers. comm., 2000.]
[N] i	Epilobium montanum L.
	broadleaf willowherb; Fr: épilobe des montagnes.  Eurasian; intr. in ne/eNfld.
		[=Epilobium hypericifolium Tausch]
		[Epilobium montanum L. was first reported in Nfld. from a St. John's collection (E. Rouleau, 1958, MT), annotated by P. Hoch (MO); it has since been found in other locations in St. John's, Witless Bay, and Trinity, ne/eNfld. (J. Maunder, pers. comm., 2000).]
	[Epilobium nesophilum  -  see Epilobium leptophyllum]
[LN]	Epilobium palustre L.
	marsh willowherb; Fr: épilobe palustre.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Hebron).
		[=Epilobium oliganthum Michx.]
		[=Epilobium palustre var. grammadophyllum Hausskn.]
		[=Epilobium palustre var. labradoricum Hausskn.]
		[=Epilobium palustre var. lapponicum Wahlenb.]
		[=Epilobium palustre var. mandjuricum auct. non Hausskn.]
		[=Epilobium palustre var. oliganthum (Michx.) Fernald]
		[=Epilobium pylaieanum Fernald] - type: Port-aux-Basques, swNfld.
		[=Epilobium wyomingense A. Nelson]
	[Epilobium pyliaeanum  -  see Epilobium palustre]
	[Epilobium scalare, Epilobium steckerianum  -  see Epilobium saximontanum]
[N]	Epilobium saximontanum Hausskn.
Rocky Mountain willowherb; Fr: épilobe des Rocheuses.  Cordilleran disjunct; nwNfld.
		[=Epilobium glandulosum Lehm. var. brionense Fernald]
		[=Epilobium scalare Fernald] - type: Doctor Hill, nwNfld.
[Classified as rare in Nfld., Epilobium saximontanum is known from moist, limestone habitats (Bouchard et al., 1991).  P. Hoch (pers. comm., 5/2000) states that part of the reason that Epilobium saximontanum has been reported from Labrador is that E. steckerianum (type from nLab.) was erroneously considered a synonymy of E. saximontanum, following Munz's 1965 Epilobium treatment.  Epilobium steckerianum is actually a synonym of E. hornemannii, according to P. Hoch, who has seen no specimens of E. saximontanum from Labrador.  Although known from northern Quebec; to date, no known specimens of Epilobium saximontanum exist from Labrador.]
[N]	Epilobium Xwisconsinense Ugent (ciliatum subsp. ciliatum X coloratum)
		[This hybrid willowherb is reported from eNfld. (Whitbourne: NY; P.Hoch, pers. comm., 2000).]
[N]	Oenothera biennis L.
	common evening primrose; Fr: onagre bisannuelle.  Temp. eNA; w/eNfld.
		[=Oenothera muricata L.]
[N]	Oenothera oakesiana (A. Gray) J.W. Robbins ex S.Watson & Coulter
	Oakes' evening primrose; Fr: onagre d'Oakes.  nTemp. eNA; w/c/ne/eNfld.
		[=Oenothera biennis L. var. oakesiana A. Gray]
		[=Oenothera angustissima R.R. Gates]
		[=Oenothera cruciata Nutt. ex G.Don var. stenopetala (E.P. Bicknell) Fernald]
		[=Oenothera parviflora L. subsp. angustissima (R.R. Gates) Munz]
		[=Oenothera parviflora var. angustissima (R.R. Gates) Wiegand]
		[=Oenothera parviflora var. oakesiana (A. Gray) Fernald]
		[=Oenothera stenopetala E.P. Bicknell]
		[=Onagra oakesiana (A. Gray) Britton]
		[Nfld. reports are based on a monograph of Oenothera (Dietrich, Wagner, and Raven, 1997).]
[N] 	Oenothera parviflora L.
	northern evening primrose, smallflowered primrose; Fr: onagre parviflore. nTemp. eNA;  thr. Nfld. (except ne).
[N] i	Oenothera perennis L.
	small sundrops; Fr: onagre pérennante.  Temp. eNA; intr. thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Kneiffia pumila (L.) Spach]
		[=Oenothera pumila L.]
  
Orobanchaceae Broom-Rape Family s.l. (including hemiparasitic species formerly placed in the Scrophulariaceae)
[LN]	Bartsia alpina L.
velvetbells; Fr: bartsie alpine.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; thr. Lab., S to nwNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Bartsia alpina is known from turfy limestone barrens in the Strait of Belle Isle (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Castilleja septentrionalis Lindl.
	northern paintbrush; Fr: castilléjie septentrionale.  Boreal eNA; w/nNfld., N thr. Lab.
		[=Bartsia acuminata Pursh]
		[=Bartsia pallida L.]
		[=Castilleja acuminata (Pursh) Spreng.]
		[=Castilleja pallida (L.) Spreng. subsp. septentrionalis (Lindl.) Scoggan]
		[=Castilleja pallida var. septentrionalis (Lindl.) A. Gray]
		[An eNfld. report (St. John's area) is likely a planted population. Type of Castilleja septentrionalis Lindl.: Labrador (unspecified location).]
	[Euphrasia americana, Euphrasia borealis, and Euphrasia brevipila - see Euphrasia nemorosa and Appendix I]
	[Euphrasia arctica  -  see Euphrasia frigida, Euphrasia nemorosa, and Euphrasia suborbicularis]
[LN]	Euphrasia curta (Fries) Wettst.
	short eyebright; Fr: euphraise courte.  Coastal, boreal amphi-Atlantic; N to nLab. (Hopedale, Nain); calc.
		[=Euphrasia officinalis L. var. curta Fries]
		[=Euphrasia stricta D. Wolff var. curta (Fries) Jalas]
		[=Euphrasia stricta var. tatarica sensu Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Euphrasia tatarica sensu Marie-Victorin, non Fisch.]
		[Euphrasia curta tends to replace Euphrasia frigida and Euphrasia hudsoniana in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (P.D. Sell & Yeo 1970).]
[N]	Euphrasia disjuncta Fernald & Wiegand
	northern eyebright; Fr: euphraiseà aires disjointe.  Boreal eCanada; N to w/n/cNfld.
		[=Euphrasia arctica Lange ex Rostr. var. disjuncta (Fernald & Wiegand) Cronquist]
		[Type of Euphrasia disjuncta Fernald & Wiegand: Grand Falls, Exploits River Valley, cNfld.]
		[Many specimens originally identified as Euphrasia disjuncta have been referred to E. suborbicularis (P.D. Sell & Yeo 1970).  Euphrasia disjuncta is endemic to Nfld. and Que. (Lk. Mistassini).]
[L]	Euphrasia frigida Pugsley
arctic eyebright; Fr: euphraise arctique.  Coastal, arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; S to sLab (Battle Harbour).
		[=Euphrasia arctica auct. non Lange ex Rostr.]
		[=Euphrasia arctica var. obtusata (Jörg.) Callen]
		[=Euphrasia arctica var. submollis (Jörg.) Callen]
		[=Euphrasia borealis auct. non F. Town.]
		[=Euphrasia latifolia auct. non L.]
		[=Euphrasia latifolia var. obtusata Jörg.]
		[=Euphrasia latifolia var. submollis Jörg.]
[L]	Euphrasia hudsoniana Fernald & Wiegand var. hudsoniana
Hudson Bay eyebright; Fr:euphraise de la baie d'Hudson.  Shores of Hudson Bay, Lk. Superior, coast of arctic eCanada; S to nLab. (Anatolak, Nain); often calc.
		[=Euphrasia arctica sensu Scoggan p.p., non Lange]
		[Type of Euphrasia hudsoniana Fernald & Wiegand: Koaksoak River, nQue.]
	[Euphrasia mollis var. laurentiana  -  see Euphrasia suborbicularis and Appendix I]
[LN]	Euphrasia nemorosa (Pers.) Wallr.
common eyebright; Fr: euphraise des bois.  Temp. amphi-Atlantic; thr. Nfld., N to sLab. (Square Is.).
		[=Euphrasia officinalis L. var. nemorosa Pers.]
		[=Euphrasia americana auct. non Wettst.] 
		[=Euphrasia arctica Lange ex Rostr.]
		[=Euphrasia borealis (F. Towns.) Wettst.]
		[=Euphrasia brevipila auct. non Burnat & Gremli]

		[=Euphrasia canadensis auct. non F. Towns. p.p.]
		[=Euphrasia officinalis auct. non L.]
		[=Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne forma borealis F. Towns.]
		[=Euphrasia stricta sensu Fernald & Wiegand, p.p.]
		[Nfld. reports of Euphrasia stricta D. Wolff ex J.F. Lehm. refer to Euphrasia nemorosa; see map in Downie et al. 1988: p. 2209.]
[LN]	Euphrasia oakesii Wettst.
	Oakes' eyebright; Fr: euphraise d’Oakes.  Boreal eNA; N to sLab., w/nwNfld.; often calc.
		[=Euphrasia oakesii forma lilacina Fernald & Wiegand] - type: Blanc Sablon, eQue.
		[=Euphrasia williamsii B.L. Robinson]
		[=Euphrasia williamsii var. vestita Fernald & Wiegand] - type: Lookout Mt., Bonne Bay, wNfld.
	[Euphrasia officinalis  -  see Euphrasia nemorosa]
[LN]	Euphrasia randii B.L. Robinson
Rand's eyebright; Fr: euphraise de Rand.  Coastal, boreal eNA; thr. coastal Nfld., N to cLab. (Indian Harbour).
		[=Euphrasia purpurea Reeks, non Desf.] - type: Cow Head, wNfld.
		[=Euphrasia purpurea forma candida Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Euphrasia purpurea var. farlowii (B.L. Robinson) Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Euphrasia purpurea var. farlowii forma iodantha Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Euphrasia purpurea var. randii (B.L. Robinson) Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Euphrasia purpurea var. randii forma albiflora Fernald & Wiegand]
		[=Euphrasia randii forma albiflora (Fernald & Wiegand) Fernald]
		[=Euphrasia randii var. farlowii B.L. Robinson]
		[=Euphrasia randii var. farlowii  forma iodantha (Fernald & Wiegand) Fernald]
		[=Euphrasia randii var. reeksii Fernald]
		[=Euphrasia randii var. reeksii forma candida (Fernald & Wiegand) Fernald]
		[A hybrid between Euphrasia randii and E. suborbicularis is known from Capstan Pt., Flowers Cove, nwNfld. (P.D. Sell & Yeo 1970).]
	[Euphrasia rigidula  -  see Appendix I, Euphrasia stricta]
[N] e	Euphrasia salisburgensis Funck in Hoppe var. hibernia Pugsley
	Irish eyebright; Fr: euphraise d’Irlande.  Ireland; intr. in Daniel’s Harbour, nwNfld. 
		[=Euphrasia salisburgensis sensu F. Towns., non Funck]
[The single record of this Irish species in North America is a specimen from Daniel's Harbour, wNF, collected in 1861 by James Richardson: CAN; on the same sheet are two specimens of E. randii  (P.D. Sell & Yeo 1970).  This taxon has not been relocated since; it shares the same limestone pavement habitat as Irish populations.  A complete description is found in P.D. Sell & Yeo (1970).]
	[Euphrasia stricta  -  see Euphrasia nemorosa and Appendix I]
[LN]	Euphrasia suborbicularis P.D. Sell & Yeo
Gulf eyebright; Fr: euphraise suborbiculaire.  Gulf of St. Lawrence endemic; nwNfld., N to sLab.; calc.
		[=Euphrasia arctica sensu Fernald, p.p.]
		[=Euphrasia disjuncta sensu Fernald & Wiegand p.p.]
		[=Euphrasia mollis (Ledeb.) Wettst. var. laurentiana B. Boivin]
		[Type of Euphrasia suborbicularis P.D. Sell & Yeo: St. John’s Island, nwNfld.]
[L?]	Euphrasia vinacea P.D. Sell & Yeo
	burgundy eyebright; Fr: euphraise vin.  Arctic eNA; Hudson & James Bays, E to ?nLab. (Saglek).
		[A specimen from Saglek, Lab., collected by J.M. Gillett (PH) is referred to Euphrasia vinacea by P.D. Sell & Yeo (1970: 216). The taxonomy of this species requires further study.]
	[Euphrasia williamsii  -  see Euphrasia oakesii]
[L?N]	Melampyrum lineare Desr. in Lam. var. lineare
	cowwheat; Fr: mélampyre linéaire.  Boreal NA; N to w/cNfld.
		[=Melampyrum americanum Michx.]
		[=Melampyrum lineare var. americanum (Michx.) Beauverd]
		[Labrador reports of Melampyrum lineare may refer to the Que. side of the  Blanc Sablon River or the Côte-Nord. (Scoggan 1978).]
[N] i	Odontites verna (Bellardi) Dumort. subsp. serotina (Dumort.) Corb.

	red bartsia; Fr: odontite tardive.  Eurasian; intr. in wNfld.
		[=Odontites verna var. serotina Dumort.]
		[=Bartsia odontites (L.) Huds.]
		[=Euphrasia odontites L.]
		[=Odontites odontites (L.) Wettst.]
		[=Odontites rubra Gilib.] 
		[Basionym of Odontites verna (Bellardi) Dumort.: Euphrasia verna Bellardi]
[N]	Orobanche uniflora L.
	oneflowered cancerroot; Fr: orobanche uniflore.  Temp.-sBoreal NA; thr. Nfld. (except s).
		[=Orobanche terrae-novae Fernald] - type: Barr'd Harbour, nwNfld.
		[=Orobanche uniflora L. var. terrae-novae (Fernald) Munz]
		[=Thalesia uniflora (L.) Britton]
[LN]	Pedicularis flammea L.
redtipped lousewort; Fr: pédiculaire flammée.  Arctic-alpine eNA, Eurasia; thr. coastal Lab., S to nwNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Pedicularis flammea is known from turfy limestone barrens in the Strait of Belle Isle (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[L]	Pedicularis groenlandica Retz. spp. groenlandica 
	Greenland lousewort, elephanthead; Fr: pédiculaire du Groenland.  Boreal NA; S to cLab.
		[=Elephantella groenlandica (Retz.) Rydb.]
[L]	Pedicularis hirsuta L.
	hairy lousewort; Fr: pédiculaire hirsute.  Arctic amphi-Atlantic; S to nLab. (Crater Lk.).
[L]	Pedicularis labradorica Wirsing
	Labrador lousewort; Fr: pédiculaire du Labrador.  Boreal NA, Asia; S to sLab.
		[=Pedicularis euphrasioides Stephan ex Willd.]
		[Type of Pedicularis labradorica Wirsing: Labrador.]
[L]	Pedicularis lapponica L.
	Lapland lousewort; Fr: pédiculaire de Laponie.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to nLab.
[N]	Pedicularis palustris L.
	marsh lousewort; Fr: pédiculaire des marais.  Temp.-Boreal amphi-Atlantic; w/nw/eNfld. 
		[Labrador reports of Pedicularis palustris from Holton Harbour by Waghorne (1898: CAN) are referred to Pedicularis labradorica (Scoggan 1978:1369).]
[N] i	Pedicularis sylvatica L.
	small lousewort; Fr: pédiculaire des bois.  European; intr. in eNfld.
	Rhinanthus minor L. 
[LN]	   subsp. groenlandicus (Ostenf.) Neumann
	   arctic yellowrattle; Fr: rhinanthe du Groenland.  Circumboreal (disj.); mainly w/nwNfld. (also s/c/ne), N to
	   nLab. (Hebron).
		[=Alectorolophus groenlandicus Ostenf.]
		[=Alectorolophus borealis Sterneck]
		[=Rhinanthus borealis (Sterneck) Chabert 1899, non Druce 1901]
		[=Rhinanthus groenlandicus (Ostenf.) Chabert]
		[=Rhinanthus minor subsp. borealis (Sterneck) P.D. Sell]
		[=Rhinanthus minor var. borealis (Sterneck) Á. Löve]
		[=Rhinanthus oblongifolius Fernald]
[LN] i	   subsp. minor
	   common yellowrattle; Fr: rhinanthe crête-de-coq, rhinanthe mineure.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Alectorolophus crista-galli (L.) M.Bieb. subsp. stenophyllus (Schur) Malý]
		[=Alectorolophus minor (L.) Wimm. & Grab.]
		[=Alectorolophus minor var. fallax Wimm. & Grab.]
		[=Alectorolophus stenophyllus (Schur) Sterneck]
		[=Rhinanthus borealis (Sterneck) Druce subsp. kyrollae (Chabert) Pennell in Abrams]
		[=Rhinanthus crista-galli L. p.p.] - nom. ambig.
		[=Rhinanthus crista-galli var. fallax (Wimm. & Grab.) Druce]
		[=Rhinanthus kyrollae Chabert]
		[=Rhinanthus minor subsp. stenophyllus (Schur) P. Fourn. 1937, non O. Schwarz 1940]
		[=Rhinanthus minor var. stenophyllus Schur]
		[=Rhinanthus stenophyllus (Schur) Druce 1901, non Schinz W & Thell. 1907]
  
Oxalidaceae  Oxalis Family
[LN]	Oxalis acetosella L. subsp. montana (Raf.) Hultén
	common woodsorrel; Fr: oxalide de montagne.  nTemp. eNA; sNfld., N to cLab. (Churchill River Basin).
		[=Oxalis montana Raf.]
		[=Oxalis acetosella auct. non L.] 
		[=Oxalis acetosella forma rhodantha Fernald]
		[=Oxalis acetosella var. rhodantha (Fernald) R. Knuth]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Oxalis acetosella subsp. montana is found in hardwood thickets and balsam fir stands in sheltered valleys on the south coast (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Oxalis corniculata  -  see Appendix II]
	[Oxalis incarnata  -  see Appendix I]
[N] i	Oxalis stricta L.
	European woodsorrel; Fr: oxalide d'Europe.  Temp. NA; intr. in n/cNfld.
		[=Oxalis dillenii Jacq.]
		[=Oxalis europaea Jord.]
		[=Xanthoxallis stricta (L.) Small]

Papaveraceae  Poppy Family (including Fumariaceae)
[LN]	Capnoides sempervirens (L.) Borkh.
pale corydalis, rock harlequin; Fr: corydale toujours verte.  Boreal NA; c/neNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Fumaria sempervirens L.]
		[=Corydalis sempervirens (L.) Pers.]
	[Chelidonium majus  -  see Appendix II]
	[Corydalis sempervirens  -  see Capnoides sempervirens]
[N] i	Fumaria officinalis L.
	common fumitory; Fr: fumeterre officinal.  European, nAfrican; intr. in eNfld.
	[Papaver croceum  -  see Papaver nudicaule]
[L]	Papaver lapponicum (Tolm.) Nordh.
	Lapland poppy; Fr: pavot de Laponie.  Arctic NA, nEurasia; S to nLab.
		[=Papaver radicatum Rottbøll subsp. lapponicum Tolm.]
		[=Papaver hultenii Knaben]
[N] i	Papaver nudicaule L. sensu lato
	Iceland poppy; Fr: pavot d’Islande.  Eurasian; intr. in nwNfld.
		[=Papaver croceum Ledeb.]
		[Papaver nudicaule is a garden escape, naturalized in nwNfld. communities, particularly Ship Cove, Raleigh, & Griguet, nwNfld.  Papaver croceum, the ice poppy of Russia, is reported as introduced in from near St. Anthony (Rouleau & Lamoureux 1992; it is treated as a synonym of Papaver nudicaule in European floras.]
	[Papaver orientale  -  see Appendix II]
[L]	Papaver radicatum Rottbøll subsp. radicatum
	arctic poppy; Fr: pavot arctique.  Circumpolar; S to nLab.
		[=Papaver lapponicum (Tolm.) Nordh. subsp. labradoricum (Fedde) Knaben]
		[=Papaver lapponicum subsp. occidentale (Lundström) Knaben]
		[=Papaver lapponicum subsp. porsildii Knaben]
		[=Papaver nudicaule L. var. labradoricum Fedde]
		[=Papaver radicatum subsp. labradoricum (Fedde) Fedde]
		[=Papaver radicatum subsp. occidentale Lundström]
		[=Papaver radicatum var. labradoricum (Fedde) J. Rousseau & Raymond]
	[Papaver somniferum  -  see Appendix II]

Parnassiaceae Grass-of-Parnassus Family
[N]	Parnassia glauca  Raf.
	fen grass-of-Parnassus; Fr: parnassie à feuilles glauques.  Temp. eNA; calc; N to w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Parnassia americana Muhl.]
		[=Parnassia caroliniana Can. auct., non Michx.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Parnassia glauca is known from calcareous fens and marshes  (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Parnassia kotzebuei Cham. & Schlecht. ex Spreng.
Kotzebue's grass-of-Parnassus; Fr: parnassie de Kotzebue.  Arctic-alpine NA, eAsia; S to cLab. (disj. in sLab.: Forteau), w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Parnassia kotzebuei is known from moist limestone gravels, as well as alpine ravines and snowbeds (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Parnassia multiseta  -  see Parnassia palustris]
[LN]	Parnassia palustris L. var. neogaea Fernald
	marsh grass-of-Parnassus, bog star; Fr: parnassie palustre.  Circumboreal; w/nwNfld., N to nLab., calc.
		[=Parnassia multiseta (Ledeb.) Fernald]
		[=Parnassia palustris subsp. neogaea (Fernald) Hultén]
		[=Parnassia palustris var. multiseta Ledeb.]
		[=Parnassia palustris var. tenuis Wahlenb.]
[LN]	Parnassia parviflora DC.
	smallflower grass-of-Parnassus; Fr: parnassie parviflore.  Boreal NA; w/nwNfld., N to nLab. (Nachvak).
		[=Parnassia palustris L. var. parviflora (DC.) B. Boivin]

[Phytolaccaceae,  Pokeweed Family  - see Appendix I]

Plantaginaceae (Antirrhinaceae) Snapdragon Family (including the Callitrichaceae, Hippuridaceae, and non-hemiparasitic genera of the former Scrophulariaceae).
[L?N]	Callitriche anceps Fernald
two-edged waterstarwort; Fr: callitriche à deux faces.  Alpine, boreal eNA (disj.); w/s/c/eNfld., N to nLab. (Okak); aq.
		[The treatment of Callitriche anceps in this checklist follow the work of M. Boivin (QFA) rather than Philbrick et al. (1991, 1998).  Labrador reports of Callitriche anceps require verification.]
[N]	Callitriche hermaphroditica L.
northern waterstarwort; Fr: callitriche hermaphrodite.  Circumboreal; w/nwNfld.; aq., often calc.
		[=Callitriche autumnalis L.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Callitriche hermaphroditica is found in quiet pools or ponds (Bouchard et al., 1991).  The Labrador report of Callitriche hermaphroditica is based on a collection by Fernald (GH, MT) from the Blanc Sablon River.  Though he states that it comes from the Labrador side of the river, the border has since changed and the area discussed is now in Quebec.  Thus, there are no verified reports of Callitriche hermaphroditica from Labrador.]
[LN]	Callitriche heterophylla Pursh subsp. heterophylla
	larger waterstarwort; Fr: callitriche hétérophylle.  Temp.-Boreal. eNA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Nain); aq.
[N] i	Callitriche stagnalis Scop.
	pond waterstarwort; Fr: callitriche d'eau stagnante.  European; intr. in eNfld.; aq.
		[Callitriche stagnalis is reported in Philbrick et al. (1998) from a 1968 collection: St. John's (UBC).]
[LN]	Callitriche verna L. emend. Kutz
	vernal waterstarwort; Fr: callitriche des marais.  Circumboreal; w/n/eNfld., N to cLab; aq.
		[=Callitriche palustris L.]
[N] i	Chaenorrhinum minus (L.) Lange
	dwarf snapdragon; Fr: chénorhinum mineur.  Eurasian; intr. in wNfld.
		[=Linaria minor L.]
		[Chaenorrhinum minus is known from collections in a motel parking area in Stephenville, wNfld. (SWGC); it has persisted since 1997.]
[N]	Chelone glabra L.
	white turtlehead; Fr: galane glabre.  Temp. eNA; N thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Chelone glabra var. dilatata Fernald & Wiegand] - type: Newfoundland.
		[Labrador reports of Chelone glabra probably refer to reports from Côte-Nord, eQue. by St. Cyr, 1887. (Scoggan 1978).]
[N] i	Digitalis purpurea L.
	purple foxglove, fairy cap; Fr: digitale pourpre.  European; intr. in w/eNfld.
[N]	Gratiola aurea Muhl. ex Pursh
	golden hedgehyssop, golden pert; Fr: gratiole dorée.  Temp. eNA; N to eNfld.
		[=Gratiola lutea Raf.]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Gratiola aurea is known only from Whitbourne (GH); it has not been relocated since1924 (Bouchard et al., 1991).  Labrador reports are unverified.]
[L]	Hippuris tetraphylla L.f.
	fourleaf mare's tail; Fr: hippuride à quatre feuilles.  Coastal nNA, nEurasia; S thr. coastal Lab.; aq., hal.

[LN]	Hippuris vulgaris L.
	common mare's tail; Fr: queue de cheval, hippuride vulgaire.  Circumboreal; N thr. Nfld. & Lab.; aq.
		[=Hippuris vulgaris forma fluviatilis (Coss. & Germ.) Glück]
[LN]	Limosella aquatica L.
northern mudwort, water mudwort; Fr: limoselle aquatique.  Circumboreal; sNfld., N to cLab.; hal.
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Limosella aquatica is known only from Harbour Breton, sNfld.; it has not been relocated since 1924 (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Limosella australis R.Br.
	southern mudwort; Fr: limoselle à feuilles subulées.  Temp. eNA; ne/eNfld., N to c/sLab.; hal.
		[=Limosella subulata E. Ives]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Limosella australis is known from only two sites: brackish shores in Norris Arm, neNfld., and Carbonear, eNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).  A recent Labrador report of Limosella australis from Lake Melville, cLab. (NFM), J. Maunder, 1999, is added to the report by Rousseau (1974) from Lake Asuanipi, sLab.]
	[Linaria canadensis  -  see Nuttallanthus canadensis]
[N] e	Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. subsp. dalmatica (L.) Maire & Petitm.
	Dalmatian toadflax; Fr: linaire de Dalmatie.  European; intr. in wNfld.
		[=Antirrhinum dalmatica L.]
		[=Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill.]
		[The single Nfld. report of Linaria genistifolia subsp. dalmatica is from the roadside in Gros Morne NP (Titford & Titford 1995); the population appears not to have persisted.]
[N] i	Linaria repens (L.) Mill.
	striped toadflax; Fr: linaire rampante.  European; intr. in w/nw/eNfld.
		[=Antirrhinum repens L.]
[N]	Linaria Xsepium G.J. Allman  (repens x vulgaris)
	hybrid toadflax; Fr: linaire hybride.  Reported from eNfld.
		[NF reports of Nuttallanthus (Linaria) canadensis refer to Linaria Xsepium G.J. Allman]
[N] i	Linaria vulgaris Mill., non Hill
	butter and eggs; Fr: linaire vulgaire.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld.
		[=Antirrhinum linaria L.]
		[=Linaria linaria (L.) H. Karst] - illeg. tautonym
		[=Linaria vulgaris Hill] - nom. invalid.
		[See Kartesz & Gandhi (1992a) for explanation of nomenclatural problems regarding Hill.]
[N]	Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch.	
	American shoreweed; Fr: littorelle uniflore. Temp. amphi-Atlantic; thr. Nfld. (except nw); aq.
		[=Littorella lacustris L. ?var. uniflora L.]
		[=Littorella americana Fernald]
		[=Littorella uniflora var. americana (Fernald) Gleason]
		[Labrador reports of Littorella uniflora possibly refer to the Côte-Nord, eQue.]
[N] i	Mimulus moschatus Douglas ex Lindl. var. moschatus
	muskflower; Fr: mimule musqué.  Temp. wNA; intr. in w/c/eNfld.
		[=Mimulus guttatus DC. var. moschatus (Douglas ex Lindl.) Prov.]
	[Nuttallanthus canadensis  -  see Linaria Xsepium notes and Appendix I]
[N] i	Plantago lanceolata L.
	English plantain, lanceleaf plantain; Fr: plantain lancéolé.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/eNfld.
		[=Plantago eriophora Hoffmanns. & Link]
		[=Plantago lanceolata subsp. eriophora (Hoffmanns. & Link) Soó]
		[=Plantago lanceolata var. sphaerostachya Mert. & Koch]
		[=Plantago lanceolata var. sphaerostachya forma eriophora (Hoffmanns. & Link) Beck]
		[=Plantago lanceolata var. sphaerostachya forma vernalis Béguinot]
[LN] i	Plantago major L.
	common plantain; Fr: plantain majeur.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld.
		[=Plantago bracteata Moench]
		[=Plantago intermedia DC.]
		[=Plantago major forma bracteata (Moench) Hegi]
		[=Plantago major forma ramosa Beckh.]
		[=Plantago major var. intermedia (DC.) Pilger]
		[=Plantago major var. pilgeri Domin]
		[There are many described varieties and forms of Plantago major, but Bassett (1973) states that the only infraspecific taxa that occur in Canada are forma bracteata and forma ramosa.]
[LN]	Plantago maritima L. subsp. juncoides (Lam.) Hultén
	seaside plantain; Fr: plantain joncoïde, plantain maritime.  Coastal boreal NA; thr. coastal Nfld. & Lab., hal.
		[=Plantago juncoides Lam. 1791, non Decne. 1852]
		[=Plantago borealis Lange]
		[=Plantago decipiens Barnéoud]
		[=Plantago juncoides var. decipiens (Barnéoud) Fernald]
		[=Plantago juncoides var. glauca (Hornem.) Fernald]
		[=Plantago juncoides var. laurentiana Fernald]
		[=Plantago maritima subsp. borealis (Lange) Blytt & O.C. Dahl]
		[=Plantago maritima var. glauca Hornem.]
		[=Plantago maritima var. juncoides (Lam.) A. Gray]
		[=Plantago oliganthos Roem. & Schult.]
		[=Plantago oliganthos var. fallax Fernald]
[N] i	Veronica agrestis L.
	field speedwell; Fr: véronique agreste.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
[L]	Veronica alpina L.
	alpine speedwell; Fr: véronique alpine.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic, S to n-most Lab.
[N]	Veronica americana Schwein. ex Benth. in DC.
	American brooklime; Fr:  véronique d’Amérique.  Boreal NA, eAsia; N to w/c/eNfld.
[N] i	Veronica arvensis L.
	corn speedwell; Fr: véronique des champs.  Eurasian; intr. in w/s/ne/eNfld.
[N] i	Veronica austriaca L. subsp. teucrium (L.) D.A. Webb
	broadleaf speedwell; Fr: véronique germandrée.  Asiatic; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Veronica latifolia L.]
		[=Veronica teucrium L.]
[N] i	Veronica chamaedrys L.
	Germander speedwell; Fr: véronique petit-chêne.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld.
[N] e	Veronica longifolia L.
	longleaf speedwell; Fr: véronique à longues feuilles.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld.
		[Specimen of Veronica longifolia collected by I.J. Greene (SWGC) was verified by S.G. Hay, 1997. A second collection was made in Harbour Grace by G. Quinn, 1998 (NFM).]
[N] i	Veronica officinalis L.
	common speedwell, gypsyweed; Fr: véronique officinale.  Eurasian; intr. in w/s/eNfld.
 		[=Veronica officinalis var. tournefortii (Villars) Rchb.]
		[=Veronica tournefortii Villars, non Gmel.]
	[Veronica peregrina  -  see Veronica serpyllifolia notes and Appendix I]
[N] i	Veronica persica Poir.
	Persian speedwell, birdseye speedwell; Fr: véronique de Perse.  Eurasian; intr. in w/s/eNfld.
		[=Veronica persica var. corrensiana (Lehm.) B. Boivin]
		[=Veronica tournefortii Villars var. corrensiana Lehm.]
[LN]	Veronica scutellata L.
	marsh speedwell; Fr:  véronique en écusson.  Circumboreal (disj.); thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Tikkoatokok Bay).
	Veronica serpyllifolia L. 
[LN]	   subsp. humifusa (Dickson) Syme
   northern speedwell; Fr: véronique couchée.  Boreal cordilleran disjunct; w/nwNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Veronica humifusa Dickson]
		[=Veronica borealis (Laestad.) J.D. Hook.]
		[=Veronica serpyllifolia var. borealis Laestad.]
		[=Veronica serpyllifolia var. humifusa (Dickson) Vahl]
		[=Veronica tenella All.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. humifusa is found along streambanks in turfy limestone barrens (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[L?N] i	   subsp. serpyllifolia L.
	   thymeleaf speedwell; Fr: véronique à feuilles de serpolet.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld.
		[The one eNfld. report of Veronica peregrina L. has been revised to Veronica serpyllifolia.  Labrador reports of V. serpyllifolia subsp. serpyllifolia by Boivin (1966) require confirmation.]
[LN]	Veronica wormskjoldii Roem. & Schult.
Wormskjold's alpine speedwell; Fr: véronique de Wormskjold.  Arctic-alpine NA, (disj.); S to cLab, w/nwNfld.; snowbeds.
		[=Veronica alpina L. var. terrae-novae Fernald]  - type: Highlands of St. John, nwNfld.
		[=Veronica alpina var. unalaschensis Cham. & Schltdl.]
		[=Veronica alpina var. wormskjoldii (Roem. & Schult.) Hook.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Veronica wormskjoldii has since been located in several snowbed locations in the Lewis Hills by Brouillet & Hay, 1999; its scarcity rank should be reevaluated.  Nfld. reports of Veronica alpina L. are referred to Veronica wormskjoldii.]

Plumbaginaceae (Limoniaceae)  Leadwort Family
[LN]	Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd. subsp. sibirica (Turcz. ex Boiss.) Nyman
Labrador sea thrift, foxflower; Fr: arméria du Labrador, arméria de Sibérie.  Arctic-alpine NA; S thr. Lab. to w/nwNfld.; calc. & serp.
		[=Armeria sibirica Turcz. ex Boiss.]
		[=Armeria labradorica Wallr.] - type: Labrador (unspecified location)
		[=Armeria labradorica var. submutica (S.F Blake) H.F. Lewis]
		[=Armeria maritima forma arctica Cham.]
		[=Armeria maritima subsp. arctica (Cham.) Hultén]
		[=Armeria maritima subsp. labradorica (Wallr.) Hultén]
		[=Armeria maritima var. labradorica (Wallr.) G.H.M. Lawrence]
		[=Armeria maritima var. sibirica (Turcz. ex Boiss.) G.H.M. Lawrence]
		[=Armeria scabra Pallas ex Willd. subsp. sibirica (Turcz. ex Boiss.) Hyl.]
		[=Statice armeria L. sensu Britton & Brown 1914]
		[=Statice labradorica (Wallr.) F.T. Hubbard & S.F Blake]
		[=Statice labradorica var. submutica S.F Blake]
		[=Statice sibirica (Turcz. ex Boiss.) Ledeb.]
		[Basionym for Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd.: Statice maritima Mill.]
[LN]	Limonium carolinianum (Walter) Britton
	sea lavender; Fr: lavande de mer, limonium de Caroline.  Coastal plain eNA; w/neNfld., N to sLab.; hal.
		[=Statice caroliniana Walter]
		[=Limonium carolinianum var. nashii (Small) B. Boivin]
		[=Limonium nashii Small]
		[=Limonium nashii var. trichogonum (S.F Blake) S.F Blake]
		[=Limonium trichogonum S.F Blake]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Limonium carolinianum is known from tidal flats in western and northeastern Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991). One collection (GH) of Limonium carolinianum is reported from "Southern Labrador," collected by Storer, J. Luteyn, pers. comm. 1999.]

Polemoniaceae Phlox Family
[N] i	Phlox paniculata L.
	garden phlox; Fr: phlox paniculé.  Temp. eNA; intr. in eNfld.
		[Phlox paniculata is reported as a garden escape that has naturalized in a few areas on the Avalon, such as Murray's Pond (Titford & Titford, 1995).]

Polygalaceae  Milkwort Family 
[N]	Polygala paucifolia Willd.
	fringed milkwort, gaywings; Fr: polygale paucifolié.  Temp. eNA; N to neNfld.
[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Polygala paucifolia is known from a single collection: an alder thicket near South Brook, Green Bay, neNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]

Polygonaceae  Buckwheat Family
[N] i	Fagopyrum esculentum Moench
	buckwheat; Fr: sarrasin commun, renouée sarrasin.  Asiatic; intr. in w/ne/eNfld.
		[=Fagopyrum fagopyrum (L.) H. Karst.]  - illeg. tautonym
		[=Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilib.] - nom. reject.
		[=Fagopyrum vulgare Th. Nees]
		[=Polygonum fagopyrum L.]
[N] e	Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.
	India wheat, Tartary buckwheat; Fr: sarrasin de Tartarie, renouée de Tartarie.  Asiatic; intr. in wNfld.
		[=Polygonum tataricum L.]
[N]	Fallopia cilinode (Michx.) Holub
	fringed bindweed; Fr: renouée à nœuds ciliés.  Temp. eNA; N to c/ne/eNfld.
		[=Polygonum cilinode Michx.]
		[=Polygonum cilinode forma erectum (Peck) Fernald]
		[=Polygonum cilinode var. erectum Peck] 
		[=Tiniaria cilinodis (Michx.) Small]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Fallopia cilinode is known from brackish gravel beaches (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN] i	Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve
	black bindweed, corn bindweed; Fr: renouée liseron, chevrier.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Polygonum convolvulus L.]
		[=Tiniaria convolvulus (L.) Webb & Moq.]
[N] i	Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse-Decr.
	Japanese knotweed; Fr: renouée du Japon.  Asiatic; intr. thr. Nfld.
		[=Reynoutria japonica Houtt.]
		[=Fallopia cuspidatum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Sieb. & Zucc.]
		[=Pleuropterus cuspidatus (Sieb. & Zucc.) Moldenke]
		[=Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc.]
		[=Polygonum zuccarinii Small]
[N] i	Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt ex Maxim.) Ronse-Decr.
	giant knotweed, elephant ear; Fr: renouée de Sakhaline.  Asiatic; intr. in w/s/eNfld.
		[=Polygonum sachalinense F. Schmidt ex Maxim.]
		[=Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt ex Maxim.) Nakai]
		[The authority F. Schmidt is sometimes listed as F.S. Petrop. (Friedrich Schmidt Petrop.).]
	[Fallopia scandens  -  see Appendix I] 
[L]	Koenigia islandica L.
Iceland purslane; Fr: koenigia d’Islande.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.); coastal, S to sLab; hal.
		[=Macounastrum islandicum (L.) Small]
[LN]	Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill 
	mountain sorrel; Fr: oxyrie de montagne.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; thr. Lab., S to w/nw/sNfld.; snowbeds.
		[=Rumex digyna L.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Oxyria digyna is an alpine species found in snowbed and snowmelt areas  (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Persicaria amphibia (L.) S.F. Gray
	water smartweed; Fr: renouée amphibie.  Boreal NA; w/s/c/eNfld., N to sLab.
		[=Polygonum amphibium L.]
		[=Persicaria amphibia var. emersa (Michx.) J.C. Hickman]
		[=Persicaria amphibia var. stipulacea (N.Coleman) H. Hara]
		[=Polygonum amphibium subsp. laevimarginatum Hultén]
		[=Polygonum amphibium var. natans Michx.]
		[=Polygonum amphibium var. stipulaceum N.Coleman]
		[=Polygonum amphibium var. stipulaceum forma fluitans (Eaton) Fernald]
		[=Polygonum amphibium var. stipulaceum forma simile Fernald]
		[=Polygonum fluitans Eaton]
		[=Polygonum natans (Michx.) Eaton]
		[Two intergrading varieties of Persicaria amphibia, representing a cline of phenotypic variability, may be recognized: var. emersa (Michx.) J.C. Hickman and var. stipulacea (N. Coleman) H. Hara]
[N] e	Persicaria bistorta (L.) Samp.
 	bistort, snakeroot; Fr: renouée bistorte, bistorte commune.  wNA, Eurasian; intr. in e/wNfld.
		[=Polygonum bistorta L.]
	[Persicaria bistortoides  -  see Appendix I]

[N] i	Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Opiz
	common smartweed, waterpepper; Fr: renouée poivre-d’eau.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Polygonum hydropiper L.] 
[LN] i	Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S.F. Gray
nodding smartweed, pale smartweed; Fr: renouée à feuilles de patience, persicaire pâle.  Eurasian; intr. in w/c/eNfld., disj. in cLab.
		[=Polygonum lapathifolium L.]
		[=Polygonum lapathifolium L. var. salicifolium Sibth.]
		[=Polygonum scabrum Moench]
[LN] i	Persicaria maculosa S.F. Gray
	lady’s-thumb, redshank; Fr: renouée persicaire.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld. (except nw), disj. in cLab.
		[=Persicaria persicaria (L.) Small] - illeg. tautonym
		[=Polygonum persicaria L.]
		[=Polygonum persicaria var. ruderale (Salisb.) Meisn.]
		[=Polygonum ruderale Salisb.]
[N] i	Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) M. Gómez de la Maza 1896, non Small 1903
	Pennsylvania smartweed, pink knotweed; Fr: renouée de Pennsylvanie.  Temp. eNA; intr. in wNfld.
		[=Polygonum pensylvanicum L.]
		[One specimen collected from Cormack, Nfld. by I.J. Greene (SWGC), verified by S.G. Hay, 1996.]
		[The authority of this species is often listed as G. Maza, but the accepted abbreviation for "Manuel Gómez de la Maza" is "M. Gómez" (Brummitt & Powell 1992).]
	[Persicaria persicaria  -  see Persicaria maculosa]
	[Persicaria punctata  -  see Appendix I]
[L?N] i	Persicaria sagittata (L.) H. Gross
	arrowleaf tearthumb; Fr: renouée sagittée, gratte-cul.  Temp. eNA; intr. in s/eNfld., N to ?sLab.
		[=Polygonum sagittatum L.]
		[=Tracaulon sagittatum (L.)  Small]
		[Labrador reports of Persicaria sagittata require confirmation.]
	[Persicaria virginiana  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Persicaria vivipara (L.) Ronse-Decr.
alpine bistort; Fr: renouée vivipare.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; thr. Lab., S to w/nw/s/eNfld.
		[=Polygonum viviparum L.]
		[=Bistorta vivipara (L.) S.F. Gray]
	[Polygonum achoreum  -  see Polygonum arenastrum notes and Appendix I]
	[Polygonum allocarpum  -  see Polygonum fowleri]
[LN] i	Polygonum arenastrum Boreau
small leaf knotgrass; Fr: renouée à petits fruits.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Polygonum aviculare auct. non L.]
		[=Polygonum aviculare var. arenastrum (Boreau) Rouy]
		[=Polygonum littorale auct. p.p., non Link]
		[Reports of Polygonum achoreum S.F. Blake from St. John's, Nfld., (Titford & Titford 1995) are referred to Polygonum arenastrum.]
[N] i	Polygonum aviculare L.
	prostrate knotweed, doorweed; Fr: renouée des oiseaux, traînasse.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld.
		[=Polygonum aviculare var. vegetum Ledeb.]
		[=Polygonum heterophyllum sensu Lindm. (quoad descr.)]
		[=Polygonum littorale auct. p.p., non Link]
		[=Polygonum monspeliense Thiéb.-Bern. ex Pers.]
		[Many reports of Polygonum aviculare from eNA refer to P. arenastrum, according to Martens & Raven (1965) and McNeill (1981).]
	[Polygonum boreale  -  see Polygonum hudsonianum notes and Appendix I]
[L]	Polygonum buxiforme Small
	box knotweed; Fr: renouée faux-buis.  Circumboreal; N to cLab.; hal.
		[=Polygonum aviculare L. var. littorale (Link) Mert. in Röhl.]
		[=Polygonum littorale Link]
		[First verified Labrador report of Polygonum buxiforme is from Northwest River, cLab., Isobel Watts, Aug. 1964, no. 2192 (NFM); verified by H. Hinds.]
	[Polygonum caurianum subsp. hudsonianum  -  see Polygonum hudsonianum]
	[Polygonum erectum  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Polygonum fowleri B.L. Robinson
Fowler's knotweed; Fr: renouée de Fowler.  Coastal NA; thr. coastal Lab., N to seLab.; hal.
		[=Polygonum allocarpum S.F. Blake]
		[=Polygonum aviculare L. var. buxifolium (Nutt. ex Bong.) Ledeb.]
		[=Polygonum buxifolium Nutt. ex Bong.]
		[=Polygonum maritimum sensu Fowler 1885, non L.]
[N]	Polygonum fowleri X hudsonianum
		[This hybrid Polygonum was collected at Harbour Breton by Bouchard et al., 1989 (MT), annotated by H. Hinds, 1994.]
[LN]	Polygonum hudsonianum (S.J. Wolf & McNeill) H.R. Hinds
	Hudson’s knotweed; Fr: renouée de Hudson.  Coastal, neCanada; w/n/sNfld., N to nLab. (Nain); hal.
		[=Polygonum caurianum B.L. Robinson subsp. hudsonianum S.J. Wolf & McNeill] 
		[NF reports of Polygonum boreale, classified as rare in Bouchard et al. (1991), are referred to Polygonum hudsonianum; the scarcity rank should also be transferred to this species.  Two specimens are noted from Labrador: Nain and Lake Melville (both at GH) H. Hinds, pers. comm., 1999.]
[N]	Polygonum neglectum Besser
	narrowleaf knotweed; Fr: renouée négligée.  nTemp. NA; s/eNfld.
		[=Polygonum aviculare L. var. angustissimum Meisn.]
		[=Polygonum rurivagum Jord. ex Boreau]
		[First verified Nfld. reports of Polygonum neglectum are from Harbour Breton, sNfld., Bouchard et al., 1989 (MT), and St. Mary’s Bay, eNfld., John Maunder, Sept. 1996 (NFM: 2189). Polygonum neglectum is considered a candidate for rare species status.]
	[Polygonum persicaria  -  see Persicaria maculosa]
[N]	Polygonum raii Bab.
	Ray's knotweed; Fr: renouée de Ray.  Coastal eNA, nEurasia; thr. coastal Nfld. (except ne); hal.
		[=Polygonum oxyspermum C.A. Meyer & Bunge ex Ledeb. subsp. raii (Bab.) D.A. Webb &  Chater]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Polygonum raii is known from brackish sandy and gravelly beaches (Bouchard et al., 1991).  The report of Polygonum raii from seLab. by J.M. Macoun, 1895, is based on P. fowleri (CAN): Scoggan 1978. Two immature specimens (NFM) from Northwest River and Gosling Lake, Lab. may be P. raii, but more mature specimens are needed for confirmation.]
	[Reyoutia japonica  -  see Fallopia japonica]
	[Rheum rhabarbarum  -  see Appendix II]
[LN] i	Rumex acetosa L. subsp. acetosa
	green sorrel, garden sorrel; Fr: grande oseille, rumex oseille.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to sLab.
		[=Acetosa pratensis Mill.] 
[LN] i	Rumex acetosella L.
sheep sorrel; Fr: petite oseille.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Acetosa angiocarpa (Murb.) Holub]
		[=Acetosella vulgaris (W.D.J. Koch) Fourr.]
		[=Rumex acetosella forma integrifolius (Wallr.) Beck]
		[=Rumex acetosella subsp. angiocarpus (Murb.) Murb.]
		[=Rumex acetosella var. tenuifolius Wallr.]
		[=Rumex acetosella var. vulgaris W.D.J. Koch]
		[=Rumex angiocarpus Murb.] 
[N]	Rumex Xacutus L. (pro. sp.) (crispus X obtusifolius)
		[The Nfld. report is based on a collection by Fernald and Wiegand at Birchy Cove (now Corner Brook), Bay of Islands, no. 3293 (GH, NY), no date.]
[LN] 	Rumex aquaticus L. var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn
windowed dock, western dock; Fr: patience occidentale, rumex à fenêtres.  Boreal NA (disj.), eAsia; n/c/eNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Rumex fenestratus Greene]
		[=Rumex aquaticus L. subsp. fenestratus (Greene) Hultén 1971, non Vorosch. 1991]
		[=Rumex aquaticus subsp. occidentalis (S.Watson) Hultén]
		[=Rumex fenestratus var. labradoricus Rech.f.]
		[=Rumex occidentalis S.Watson p.p.]
		[=Rumex occidentalis var. labradoricus (Rech.f.) Lepage]
[L?N] i	Rumex crispus L.
	curly dock; Fr: patience crépue, rumex crépu.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to ?seLab.
		[Labrador reports of Rumex crispus require confirmation. Hulten's map shows a seLab. location.]
	[Rumex fenestratus  -  see Rumex aquaticus]
[N?] e	Rumex graminifolius Rudolph ex Lamb.
	grassleaf dock; Fr: patience à feuilles de graminée.  wNA, nEurasian; intr. in ?swNfld.
		[=Acetosella graminifolia (Rudolph ex Lamb.) Á. Löve]
		[The Nfld. report of Rumex graminifolius is based on a single 1904 collection (GH), which should be reevaluated; this species has not been recollected since in Nfld. and at most should be considered an ephemeral report.]
[LN] i	Rumex longifolius DC.
	dooryard dock, longleaf dock; Fr: patience à feuilles longues.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld. (except c).
		[=Rumex domesticus Hartm.]
		[First verified Labrador report of Rumex longifolius is from near L'Anse au Clair, seLab. (NFRPP 1999).]
	[Rumex maritimus  -  see Appendix I]
[N] i	Rumex obtusifolius L.
	broadleaf dock, bitter dock; Fr: patience à feuilles obtuses.  Eurasian; intr. in w/ne/eNfld.
		[=Acetosa oblongifolia (L.) Á. & D. Löve]
[N]	Rumex orbiculatus A. Gray
	great water dock; Fr: patience orbiculaire.  Temp. NA; w/n/eNfld.
		[=Rumex britannica auct. non L.]
		[=Rumex orbiculatus var. borealis Rech.f.]
[LN]	Rumex pallidus Bigelow
	white dock, seabeach dock; Fr: patience pâle.  Coastal neNA; coastal w/nNfld., N to seLab., hal.
		[=Rumex subarcticus Lepage]
		[A collection of Persicaria bistortoides by Fernald  from near Millville, swNfld., is referred to Rumex ?pallidus by Dahl (1962).]
	[Rumex patientia  -  see Appendix I]
[LN] 	Rumex salicifolius Weinm. var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc.
	willowleaf dock, Mexican dock; Fr: patience du Mexique.  Temp.- Boreal NA, CA; w/n/eNfld., N to seLab.
		[=Rumex mexicanus Meisn. in DC.]
		[=Rumex salicifolius subsp. mexicanus (Meisn.) E. Murray]
		[=Rumex salicifolius subsp. triangulivalvis Danser]
		[=Rumex salicifolius var. triangulivalvis (Danser) J.C. Hickman]
		[=Rumex triangulivalvis (Danser) Rech.f.]

Portulacaceae  Purslane Family
[N]	Claytonia caroliniana Michx. var. caroliniana
	Carolina spring beauty; Fr: claytonie de Caroline.  sBoreal NA; N to wNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Claytonia caroliniana is known from alder thickets and wet meadow in western Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Montia fontana L. subsp. fontana
water blinks, miner’s lettuce; Fr: montie des sources.  Arctic-Boreal NA (disj., coastal), wEurope, eAsia, SA, NZ; N thr. coastal Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Montia fontana subsp. lamprosperma (Cham.) Lindberg]
		[=Montia fontana var. lamprosperma (Cham.) Fenzl]
		[=Montia lamprosperma Cham.]
		[=Montia rivularis Amer. auct. & C.C. Gmelin p.p.] - nom. exclusa
[N] e	Portulaca oleracea L.
	common purslane; Fr: pourpier potager, pourpier gras.  NA, Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[Portulaca oleracea is reported from St. John’s, eNfld.: garden of H. Clase, 1993; apparently not persistent.]

Primulaceae  Primrose Family
[N] e	Anagallis arvensis L.
	scarlet pimpernel; Fr: mouron rouge.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
	[Anagallis tenella  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Androsace septentrionalis L. subsp. septentrionalis
	northern androsace; Fr: androsace septentrionale.  Circumboreal (disj.); N to w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Androsace septentrionalis is known from limestone cliffs and talus in only two locations; one population persisted as a single plant in 1974 (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Glaux maritima L.
	sea milkwort; Fr: glaux maritime.  Circumboreal (disj.); thr. coastal Nfld.; hal.
		[=Glaux maritima subsp. obtusifolia (Fernald) B. Boivin]
		[=Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald]
	[Lysimachia nummularia  -  see Appendix II]
[N] i	Lysimachia punctata L.
	spotted loosestrife; Fr: lysimaque ponctuée.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld.
	[Lysimachia quadrifolia  -  see Lysimachia terrestris notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Lysimachia terrestris (L.) B.S.P.
	swamp candles; Fr: lysimaque terrestre.  Temp.-Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld. (except nw), N to cLab.
		[=Viscum terrestre L.]
		[=Lysimachia terrestris forma florifera B. Boivin]
		[NF reports of Lysimachia quadrifolia (Titford & Titford 1995) are referred to Lysimachia terrestris.]
[L?N]	Lysimachia thyrsiflora L.
tufted loosestrife; Fr: lysimaque thyrsiflore.  Circumboreal; w/nwNfld., N to ?cLab. 
		[=Naumburgia thyrsiflora (L.) Duby] 

		[Classified as rare in Nfld., (Bouchard et al., 1991), Lysimachia thyrsiflora was reported from two lacustrine marshes in wNfld.  In 1995, a new population was located north of Port au Choix, nwNfld., by H. Mann (SWGC).  Labrador reports of Lysimachia thyrsiflora (Hultén 1968) require confirmation.]
	[Lysimachia vulgaris  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Primula egaliksensis Wormsk. ex Hornem.
	Greenland primrose; Fr: primevère du fjord Egalik. Arctic NA (disj.), neAsia; nLab., S to nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Primula egaliksensis forma violacea Fernald]
		[=Primula farinosa L. var. groenlandica (Warming) Pax in Engler, p.p.]
		[=Primula groenlandica (Warming) Balfour]
		[=Primula sibirica Hook. p.p.]
		[=Primula sibirica var. minor Duby in DC.]
		[=Primula stricta Hornem. var. groenlandica Warming]
		[Fernald (1926) reported Primula sibirica Jacq. var. arctica Pax from Nfld., this report probably refers to Primula egaliksensis.  Pax's understanding of Primula farinosa var. groenlandica also includes Primula stricta Hornem. (Kelso 1991).]
	[Primula incana  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Primula laurentiana Fernald
Laurentian primrose, birdseye primrose; Fr: primevère laurentienne.  Gulf of St. Lawrence endemic; w/nNfld., N to cLab; calc.
		[=Primula farinosa auct. non L.] 
		[=Primula farinosa L. var. macropoda Fernald]  
		[=Primula laurentiana forma chlorophylla Fernald] - type: Dog Peninsula, nwNfld.
		[=Primula mistassinica Michx. var. macropoda (Fernald) B. Boivin]
[LN]	Primula mistassinica Michx.
	Mistassini primrose; Fr: primevère du lac Mistissini.  Boreal NA.; w/n/cNfld., N to cLab.; calc.
		[=Primula farinosa L. subsp. mistassinica (Michx.) Pax & Knuth]
		[=Primula farinosa var. mistassinica (Michx.) Pax]
		[=Primula intercedens Fernald]
		[=Primula mistassinica forma intercedens (Fernald) J. Cayouette]
		[=Primula mistassinica forma leucantha Fernald]
		[=Primula mistassinica var. noveboracensis Fernald]
		[=Primula mistassinica var. intercedens (Fernald) B. Boivin]
		[=Primula sibirica Jacq. var. mistassinica (Michx.) Kurtz. in Engl. p.p.]
	[Primula nutans  -  see Primula egaliksensis notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Primula stricta Hornem. in Oeder
coastal primrose; Fr: primevère dressée.  Arctic amphi-Atlantic; thr. coastal Lab., S to nwNfld.
		[=Primula farinosa L. var. groenlandica (Warming) Pax in Engler, p.p.]
		[=Primula hornemanniana Lehm. p.p.]
		[First verified Nfld. report of Primula stricta is from L’Anse-aux-Meadows Natl. Hist. Park, nwNfld. (S.G. Hay et al., 1994: MT).  A recent addition to the NF flora, Primula stricta is very rare and is considered a candidate for rare species status in Nfld.  See Kelso (1991) for nomenclatural discussion.]
	[Primula veris  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Trientalis borealis Raf. subsp. borealis
	starflower; Fr: trientale boréale.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Trientalis americana (Pers.) Pursh.]
		[=Trientalis borealis forma ramosa Vict.]
		[=Trientalis europaea L. var. americana Pers.]

[Pyrolaceae  -  see Ericaceae]
  
Ranunculaceae  Buttercup or Crowfoot Family
	[Aconitum x bicolor  -  see Appendix II]
	[Actaea pachypoda  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. subsp. rubra

red baneberry; Fr: actée rouge, poison de couleuvre.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld. (except e), N to cLab.
		[=Actaea spicata L. var. rubra Aiton]
		[=Actaea neglecta Gillman]
		[=Actaea rubra forma neglecta (Gillman) B.L. Robinson] (white fruited form)
[N]	Anemone canadensis L.
	Canada anemone; Fr: anémone du Canada.  Boreal-Temp. NA; N to wNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Anemone canadensis if found in wet meadows and alluvial soils in western Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Anemone multifida Poir. in Lam. var. multifida
	cutleaf anemone, cliff anemone; Fr: anémone multifide.  Boreal NA; w/nNfld.; calc.
		[=Anemone hudsoniana (DC.) Richardson]
		[=Anemone multifida forma sanguinea (Pursh) Fernald]
		[=Anemone multifida var. hudsoniana DC.]
		[=Anemone sanguinea Pursh]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Anemone multifida is known from limestone cliffs and barrens (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N] e	Anemone nemorosa L.
	European wood anemone; Fr: anémone des bois.  European.
[LN]	Anemone parviflora Michx.
northern anemone; Fr: anémone à petites fleurs.  Arctic-alpine NA, eAsia; w/nw/cNfld.; S to cLab.; calc.
		[=Anemone borealis Richardson]
[L]	Anemone richardsonii Hook.
Richardson’s anemone; Fr: anémone de Richardson.  Arctic NA, eAsia; S to n-most Lab. 
	[Anemone riparia  -  see Anemone virginiana var. alba]
[N]	Anemone virginiana L. var. alba (Oakes) A.W. Wood
	thimbleweed, riverbank anemone; Fr: anémone blanche.  Boreal eNA; N to wNfld.
		[=Anemone cylindrica A. Gray var. alba Oakes]
		[=Anemone riparia Fernald]
		[=Anemone virginiana var. riparia (Fernald) B. Boivin]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Anemone virginiana var. alba is known from streambanks in wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Anemone riparia).]
	[Aquilegia canadensis  -  see Appendix I]
[N] i	Aquilegia vulgaris L.
	garden columbine, European columbine; Fr: ancolie vulgaire.  European; intr. in nw/eNfld.
[LN]	Caltha palustris L.
	marsh marigold, cowslip; Fr: populage des marais, souci d’eau.  Circumboreal (disj.); w/nwNfld.; N to sLab.
		[=Caltha arctica R.Br.]
		[=Caltha flabellifolia Pursh]
		[=Caltha palustris var. arctica (R.Br.) Huth]
		[=Caltha palustris var. flabellifolia (Pursh) Torr. & Gray]
		[=Caltha palustris var. radicans (T.F. Forster) Beck]
		[=Caltha radicans T.F. Forster]
		[Locations on the Burin and Avalon Peninsulas (Rouleau & Lamoureux 1991) likely represent introduced populations.]
[LN]	Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.
goldthread, threeleaf goldthread; Fr: savoyane, herbe jaune (SPM).  Circumboreal; N thr. Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Helleborus trifolius L.]
		[=Anemone groenlandica Oeder]
		[=Coptis groenlandica (Oeder) Fernald]
		[=Coptis trifolia subsp. groenlandica (Oeder) Hultén]
	[Eranthis hyemalis  -  see Appendix II]
	[Ficaria verna  -  see Ranunculus ficaria]
[LN]	Ranunculus abortivus L.
kidneyleaf crowfoot, smallflower crowfoot; Fr: renoncule abortive.   eTemp.-Boreal NA; w/nw/cNfld, N to cLab.
		[=Ranunculus abortivus var. acrolasius Fernald]
		[=Ranunculus abortivus var. eucyclus Fernald]
[LN] i	Ranunculus acris L.
common buttercup, tall buttercup; Fr: renoncule âcre, bouton d’or.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Ranunculus acris var. latisectus Beck]
[L]	Ranunculus allenii B.L. Robinson
Allen's buttercup; Fr: renoncule d’Allen.  Arctic-alpine neNA; S to nLab.; snowbeds.
[LN]	Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. diffusus With.
	white watercrowfoot; Fr: renoncule capillaire.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld. & Lab.; aq.
		[=Batrachium confervoides Fries]
		[=Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix) Bosch]
		[=Ranunculus aquatilis var. calvescens (W.B. Drew) L.D. Benson]
		[=Ranunculus aquatilis var. confervoides (Fries) Lawson]
		[=Ranunculus aquatilis var. eradicatus Laest.]
		[=Ranunculus aquatilis var. subrigidus (W.B. Drew) Breitung]
		[=Ranunculus aquatilis var. trichophyllus (Chaix) A. Gray]
		[=Ranunculus circinatus Sibth. var. subrigidus (W.B. Drew) L.D. Benson]
		[=Ranunculus confervoides (Fries) Fries]
		[=Ranunculus longirostris Godr.]
		[=Ranunculus subrigidus W.B. Drew]
		[=Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix in Villars]
		[=Ranunculus trichophyllus var. calvescens W.B. Drew]
		[=Ranunculus trichophyllus var. eradicatus (Laest.) W.B. Drew]
		[=Ranunculus trichophyllus [subsp.] confervoides (Fries) P. Fourn.]
		[=Ranunculus trichophyllus subsp. eradicatus (Laest.) C.D.K. Cook]
		[When Ranunculus aquatilis is treated in a stricter sense, NF plants are recognized as Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix.]
[N] i 	Ranunculus bulbosus L.
	bulbous buttercup; Fr: renoncule bulbeuse.  European; intr. in eNfld.
	[Ranunculus circinatus var. subrigidus  -  see R. aquatilis]
[LN]	Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh
seaside crowfoot, alkali buttercup; Fr: renoncule cymbalaire.  Circumboreal (disj.): Boreal NA, Asia, and SA; thr. coastal Nfld. N to cLab.; usually hal.
		[=Halerpestes cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene]
[N] i	Ranunculus ficaria L.
	lesser celandine, marsh pilewort; Fr: renoncule ficaire.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Ficaria ficaria (L.) H. Karst.] - illeg. tautonym
		[=Ficaria verna Huds.]
	[Ranunculus flabellaris  -  see Appendix I]
	Ranunculus flammula L. 
[N] i	     var. flammula 
	     lesser spearwort; Fr: renoncule flammette.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Ranunculus flammula var. angustifolius Wallr.]
		[Nfld. reports of Ranunculus flammula var. flammula refer to population at Quiddy Viddy Lake and Rennies River, St. John’s, Nfld., J. Maunder, pers. comm. 1999.]
[LN]	     var. reptans (L.) E. Meyer
	     creeping spearwort; Fr: renoncule flammette rampante.  Circumboreal; N thr. Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Ranunculus reptans L.]
		[=Ranunculus filiformis Michx.]
		[=Ranunculus filiformis var. ovalis Bigelow]
		[=Ranunculus flammula var. filiformis (Michx.) Hook.]
		[=Ranunculus flammula var. intermedius Hook.]
		[=Ranunculus flammula var. ovalis (Bigelow) L.D. Benson]

		[=Ranunculus intermedius (Hook.) A. Heller]
		[=Ranunculus reptans forma submersus Glück]
		[=Ranunculus reptans var. filiformis (Michx.) DC.]
		[=Ranunculus reptans var. ovalis (Bigelow) Torr. & Gray]
		[FNA, vol. 3 notes that specimens of var. ovalis, except from the Pacific slope, "scarcely differ from specimens of var. reptans and perhaps should be included in the latter variety."]
[N]	Ranunculus gmelinii DC.
	Gmelin’s watercrowfoot; Fr: renoncule de Gmelin.  Boreal NA (disj.), Eurasia; N to swNfld.; aq.
		[=Ranunculus gmelinii subsp. purshii (Richardson) Hultén]
		[=Ranunculus gmelinii var. hookeri (G.Don) L.D. Benson]
		[=Ranunculus gmelinii var. purshii (Richardson) H. Hara]
		[=Ranunculus purshii Richardson]
		[=Ranunculus purshii var. hookeri G.Don]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Ranunculus gmelinii is known only from pools and deadwaters of Barachois and Robinson's Brook (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N] i	Ranunculus hederaceus L.
	ivyleaf crowfoot; Fr: renoncule à feuilles de lierre.  Amphi-Atlantic, coastal plain of NA; intr. in nw/eNfld.
		[=Batrachium hederaceum (L.) S.F. Gray]
		[In NF, Ranunculus hederaceus is known only from the Avalon Peninsula and near Croque, nwNfld.]
[L]	Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var. caricetorum (Greene) T. Duncan
	swamp buttercup, hispid buttercup; Fr: renoncule des cariçaies.  nTemp. eNA; seLab.
		[=Ranunculus caricetorum Greene]
		[=Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. var. caricetorum (Greene) Fernald]
		[In NF, Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum is known from only one collection: Battle Harbour, seLab. (Scoggan 1978).  The type of Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. is referred to Ranunculus hispidus var. nitidus (T. Duncan 1980).]
[LN]	Ranunculus hyperboreus Rottbøll
arctic crowfoot; Fr: renoncule hyperboréale.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to sLab., nwNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Ranunculus hyperboreaus is known from pool margins on limestone (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Ranunculus lapponicus L.
Lapland buttercup; Fr: renoncule de Laponie.  Circumpolar; S to w/cLab.; acid.
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Ranunculus lapponicus is known from only one site: a boggy plateau near Grand Lake, wNfld.; last found in 1956 (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Ranunculus longirostris  -  see Ranunculus aquatilis]
[N]	Ranunculus macounii Britton
	Macoun's buttercup; Fr: renoncule de Macoun.  Boreal NA (disj.); N to w/nw/cNfld.
[Classified as rare in Nfld., Ranunculus macounii is reported from alluvial shores (Bouchard et al., 1991).  A new population has been located in the Lewis Hills, wNfld, S.G. Hay and L. Brouillet, 1999 (MT). The report of Ranunculus macounii from the Hamilton (Churchill) River Basin is unverified.]
[L]	Ranunculus nivalis L.
snow buttercup; Fr: renoncule des neiges.  Circumpolar; S to nLab.; snowbeds.
		[Ranunculus nivalis was reported from Hopedale by Delabarre in 1902.]
[L]	Ranunculus pallasii Schltdl.
	Pallas' buttercup; Fr: renoncule de Pallas.  Circumpolar (disj.); S to nLab., disj. in wLab.
[LN]	Ranunculus pedatifidus Smith ex Rees var. affinis (R.Br.) L.D. Benson
	northern buttercup; Fr: renoncule affine.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to nLab., disj. in wLab., w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Ranunculus affinis R.Br.]
		[=Ranunculus affinis var. leiocarpus Trautv.]
		[=Ranunculus pedatifidus subsp. affinis (R.Br.) Hultén]
		[=Ranunculus pedatifidus var. leiocarpus (Trautv.) Fernald]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Ranunculus pedatifidus var. affinis is found on limestone cliffs and talus (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f.
	bristly crowfoot; Fr: renoncule de Pennsylvanie.  Boreal-nTemp. NA; w/nw/cNfld., N to cLab.
		[Ranunculus pensylvanicus was classified as historically present (SH) in Bouchard et al. (1991).  It has been rediscovered in 1995 at Indian Pond, nwNfld., S.J. Meades (1996, MT) and at Serpentine Lake, wNfld, S.G. Hay and L. Brouillet, 1999 (MT); it's scarcity status will be reevaluated.]
[L]	Ranunculus pygmaeus Wahlenb.
	dwarf buttercup, pygmy buttercup; Fr: renoncule naine.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to nLab.; snowbeds.
		[Ranunculus pygmaeus var. langeana Nathorst]
[N]	Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. in Lam. var. recurvatus
	hooked crowfoot; Fr: renoncule recourbée.  Temp. eNA; N to wNfld.
		[Classified as historically present (SH) in Nfld., Ranunculus recurvatus was rediscovered in 1999 at Serpentine Lake, wNfld., by L. Brouillet and S.G. Hay; it's scarcity status will be reevaluated.  Early Lab. reports of Ranunculus recurvatus by J. Macoun (1886) require confirmation.]
[LN] i	Ranunculus repens L.
creeping buttercup; Fr: renoncule rampante.  European; intr. thr. Nfld., N to cLab. (Cartwright).
		[=Ranunculus repens var. erectus DC.]
		[=Ranunculus repens var. glabratus DC.]
		[=Ranunculus repens var. villosus Lamotte]
	[Ranunculus reptans  -  see Ranunculus flammula var. reptans]
[L?N] i? Ranunculus sceleratus L. var. sceleratus
	celeryleaf crowfoot, cursed crowfoot; Fr: renoncule scélérate.  Temperate eNA, Europe; N to w/ne/eNfld.
		[Labrador reports of Ranunculus sceleratus may refer to eQuebec: Côte Nord (Scoggan 1978).  FNA (vol. 3:124) states that 'it is not clear whether it (Ranunculus sceleratus) is native in the eastern part of the continent or was introduced from Europe.'  This database reserves judgement for now.]
	[Ranunculus septentrionalis  -  see Ranunculus hispidus]
	[Ranunculus subrigidus  -  see Ranunculus aquatilis]
[L]	Ranunculus sulphureus Solander in Phipps
	sulphur buttercup; Fr: renoncule soufrée.  Circumpolar; S to n-most Lab.
	[Ranunculus trichophyllus  -  see Ranunculus aquatilis]
[LN]	Thalictrum alpinum L.
	alpine meadowrue; Fr: pigamon alpin.  Circumboreal (disj.); w/nw/cNfld., N to se/n-mostLab.; calc.
[Thalictrum confine  -  see Appendix I, Thalictrum venulosum]
	[Thalictrum dioicum  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Thalictrum pubescens Pursh var. pubescens
tall meadowrue, king-of-the-meadow; Fr: pigamon pubescent.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to s/cLab.
		[=Thalictrum polygamum Muhl. ex Spreng.] - nom. inval.
		[=Thalictrum polygamum var. hebecarpum Fernald]
		[=Thalictrum pubescens var. hebecarpum (Fernald) B. Boivin]
	[Thalictrum venulosum  -  see Appendix I]

Rhamnaceae  Buckthorn Family
[N]	Rhamnus alnifolia L'Hér.
	alderleaf buckthorn; Fr: nerprun à feuilles d’aulne.  Boreal NA; N to w/n/cNfld.

Rosaceae  Rose Family
[N]	Agrimonia striata Michx.
	woodland agrimony, roadside agrimony; Fr: aigremoine striée.  Temp. NA; N tow/eNfld.
		[Agrimonia brittoniana E.P. Bicknell]
		[The Nfld. report of Agrimonia eupatoria is referred to A. striata, G. Kline, pers. comm., 2000.]
[Agrimonia eupatoria  -  see Agrimonia striata notes and Appendix I]
[N] 	Alchemilla alpina L.
	alpine lady's mantle; Fr: alchémille des Alps.  Amphi-Atlantic; sNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Alchemilla alpina is reported from talus slopes and damp ravines on the south coast (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	Alchemilla filicaulis Buser 

[LN]	   subsp. filicaulis
	   thinstemmed lady's mantle; Fr: alchémille filicaule.  Boreal amphi-Atlantic, w/nwNfld.; N to nLab (ca. 59°N).
		[=Alchemilla minor Huds. subsp. filicaulis (Buser) Lindb.f.] 
		[=Alchemilla vulgaris L. var. filicaulis (Buser) Fernald & Wiegand] 
[LN] i	   subsp. vestita (Buser) M.E. Bradshaw
	   small lady's mantle; Fr: alchémille vêtue.  Boreal amphi-Atlantic; w/nwNfld., N to sLab. (Strait of Belle Isle).
		[=Alchemilla filicaulis forma vestita Buser]
		[=Alchemilla minor sensu Fernald, auct., non Huds.]
		[=Alchemilla vestita (Buser) Raunk.]
		[=Alchemilla vulgaris L. var. vestita (Buser) Fernald & Wiegand]
[L?N] i	Alchemilla glabra Neygenf.
	smooth lady's mantle; Fr: alchémille glabre.  nEuropean; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Alchemilla alpestris auct. non F.W. Schmidt]
		[=Alchemilla vulgaris L. var. grandis Blytt]
		[Labrador reports of Alchemilla glabra require confirmation, they likely refer to eQue.]
[L]	Alchemilla glomerulans Buser
	clustered lady's mantle; Fr: alchémille à glomérules.  Boreal amphi-Atlantic; N to nLab (ca. 59°N).
		[=Alchemilla vulgaris L. subsp. glomerulans (Buser) Ahlfv. 1901, non O. Bolòs & Vigo 1974]
		[=Alchemilla vulgaris var. glomerulans (Buser) E.G. Camus in Rouy]
[N] i	Alchemilla monticola Opiz
	hairy lady's mantle; Fr: alchémille velue.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Alchemilla vulgaris L. subsp. pastoralis (Buser) Murb.]
		[=Alchemilla vulgaris var. pastoralis (Buser) B. Boivin]
		[=Alchemilla pastoralis Buser]
[N] e	Alchemilla venosa Juz.
	veined lady's mantle; Fr: alchémille veinée.  Eurasian; intr. in sNfld.
		[Alchemilla venosa is a garden escape that persist locally on the south coast; specimens from Burgeo and Burin (MT), collected by Rouleau and R. Etcheberry (respectively) and annotated by J. McNeill.]
	[Alchemilla xanthochlora  -  see Appendix I]
	[Amelanchier arborea  -  see Amelanchier laevis notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Amelanchier bartramiana (Tausch) M. Roem.
Bartram's chuckleypear (NF), mountain serviceberry; Fr: amélanchier de Bartram.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab (Turnavik).
		[=Pyrus bartramiana Tausch]
		[=Amelanchier oligocarpa (Michx.) M. Roem.]
		[=Mespilus canadensis L. var. oligocarpa Michx.]
		[In NF, Amelanchier spp. are called chuckleypears; on the mainland, several names are applied: serviceberry, juneberry, shadbush, saskatoons, petites poires, Indian pears, or sugarpears.]
[N]	Amelanchier bartramiana X stolonifera
		[This hybrid chuckleypear is reported from eNfld.]
		[Rouleau & Lamoureux (1992, map 398) list the parents of Amelanchier Xintermedia Spach as bartramiana x stolonifera, however, other references indicate laevis x canadensis as the parents. NF specimens of Amelanchier have not been annotated, so these reports are placed here until a further study of the specimens is done.]
[N?]	Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik.
	Canada serviceberry, swamp shadbush; Fr: amélanchier du Canada.  Temp. eNA.; reported from w/eNfld.
		[=Mespilus canadensis L.]
		[=Amelanchier lucida Fernald]
		[Nfld. specimens of Amelanchier canadensis have not been annotated.  Since neither Fernald (1950) nor Scoggan (1978) list Nfld. in the range of this species, the identity of these specimens is still in question.]
	[Amelanchier fernaldii  -  see Amelanchier sanguinea var. gaspensis]
[N]	Amelanchier interior E.L. Nielsen
	Wiegand's chuckleypear (NF), inland serviceberry; Fr: amélanchier de l'intérieur.  nTemp. eNA; N to s/eNfld.
		[=Amelanchier confusa Hylander]
		[=Amelanchier lamarckii Schroeder]
		[=Amelanchier wiegandii E.L. Nielsen]
	[Amelanchier Xintermedia  -  see Amelanchier bartramiana X stolonifera]
[N]	Amelanchier laevis Wiegand
	smooth chuckleypear (NF); Fr: amélanchier glabre.  Temp.-sBoreal eNA; N thr. Nfld.
		[=Amelanchier arborea (F. Michx.) Fernald subsp. laevis (Wiegand) S. McKay ex G.P. Landry]
		[=Amelanchier arborea subsp. laevis forma nitida (Wiegand) G.P. Landry]
		[=Amelanchier arborea var. cordifolia (Ashe) B. Boivin]
		[=Amelanchier arborea var. laevis (Wiegand) H.E. Ahles]
		[=Amelanchier laevis forma nitida Wiegand]
		[=Amelanchier laevis var. cordifolia Ashe]
		[=Amelanchier laevis var. nitida (Wiegand) Fernald]
		[NF reports of Amelanchier arborea (F. Michx.) Fernald are referred to Amelanchier laevis.]
[N]	Amelanchier Xneglecta Eggl. ex G.N. Jones (pro. sp.) (bartramiana X laevis)
		[This hybrid chuckleypear is reported for Nfld. in Scoggan (1978); occurs within parental ranges.]
[N]	Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC. var. gaspensis Wiegand
Fernald's chuckleypear (NF), St. Lawrence serviceberry; Fr: amélanchier de la Gaspésie.  Gulf of St. Lawrence endemic; w/nw/eNfld., often calc.
		[=Amelanchier fernaldii Wiegand]
		[=Amelanchier gaspensis (Wiegand) Fernald & Weath.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Amelanchier sanguinea var. gaspensis is known from moist habitats and talus on limestone (Bouchard et al. 1991, as  Amelanchier fernaldii).]
	[Amelanchier sanguinea var. sanguinea  -  see Appendix I]
	[Amelanchier spicata  -  see Amelanchier stolonifera]
[N]	Amelanchier stolonifera Wiegand 
	running chuckleypear (NF); Fr: amélanchier stolonifère.  Boreal eNA; N to w/n/c/eNfld.
		[=Amelanchier spicata auct. non (Lam.) K. Koch]
	[Amelanchier wiegandii  -  see Amelanchier interior]
[LN]	Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.
	silverweed; Fr: potentille ansérine, richette.  Coastal circumboreal; thr. coastal Nfld., N to cLab.; hal.
		[=Potentilla anserina L.]
		[=Argentina argentea Rydb.]
		[=Potentilla anserina forma sericea (Hayne) Hayek & Fernald] type: Governor Is., Bay of Islands, wNfld.
		[=Potentilla anserina var. sericea Hayne]
	Argentina egedii (Wormsk.) Rydb
[LN?]	   subsp. egedii
	   Egede’s silverweed, [Pacific silverweed]; Fr: potentille d’Egede.  Coastal subarctic wNA and eNA (disj.) and
	   eAsia; N to cLab. (55°N); hal.
		[=Potentilla egedii Wormsk.]
		[=Potentilla anserina L. subsp. egedii (Wormsk.) Hiitonen]
		[=Potentilla anserina var. egedii (Wormsk.) Torr. & Gray]
		[=Potentilla anserina var. rolandii (B. Boivin) B. Boivin]
		[=Potentilla pacifica Howell]
		[=Potentilla rolandii B. Boivin]
		[Argentina egedii subsp. agedii is not confirmed from insular Nfld.; most, if not all, NF reports have been referred to Argentina anserina.]
[L]	   subsp. groenlandica (Tratt.) Á. Löve
	   Greenland silverweed; Fr: potentille du Groenland.  Coastal arctic and subarctic w and eNA, wEurope, and
	   eAsia; N to n-most Lab.; hal.
		[=Potentilla anserina var. groenlandica Tratt.]
		[=Potentilla egedii Wormsk. subsp. groenlandica (Tratt.) Á. Löve]

		[=Potentilla egedii Wormsk. var. groenlandica (Tratt.) Polunin]
	[Aronia  -  see Photinia]
	[Aruncus dioicus  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Comarum palustre L.
	marsh cinquefoil; Fr: potentille palustre, comaret.  Circumboreal; N thr. Nfld. & Lab.; acid.
		[=Comarum angustifolium var. parvifolium Raf.]
		[=Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop.]
		[=Potentilla palustris forma subsericea (Becker) Wolf]
		[=Potentilla palustris var. parvifolia (Raf.) Fernald & B.H. Long]
		[=Potentilla palustris var. villosa (Pers.) Lehm.]
	[Crataegus brunetiana  -  see Crataegus chrysocarpa]
[N]	Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe var. chrysocarpa
fireberry hawthorn, roundleaf hawthorn; Fr: aubépine à feuilles rondes, aubépine dorée.  Temp. NA; N to w/c/neNfld.
		[=Crataegus brunetiana Sarg.]
		[=Crataegus laurentiana Sarg. var. brunetiana (Sarg.) Kruschke]
		[=Crataegus rotundifolia Moench p.p. non Lam.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Crataegus chrysocarpa is found in shoreline thickets (Bouchard et al., 1991).  NF reports of Crataegus laurantiana and C. irrasa are referred to Crataegus chrysocarpa.]
	[Crataegus flabellata  -  see Appendix I]
	[Crataegus irrasa  -  see Crataegus chrysocarpa notes and Appendix I]
	[Crataegus laurentiana  -  see Crataegus chrysocarpa notes and Appendix I, Crataegus jonesiae]
[N]	Crataegus macrosperma Ashe var. acutiloba (Sarg.) Eggl.
	bigfruit hawthorn, variable thorn; Fr: aubépine à lobes aigus.  Temp. eNA; N to sw/c/neNfld.
		[=Crataegus acutiloba Sarg.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Crataegus macrosperma var. acutiloba is found in shoreline thickets (Bouchard et al., 1991).  NF reports of Crataegus flabellata probably refer to Crataegus macro-sperma, which Scoggan (1978) included within Crataegus flabellata.]
	[Crataegus monogyna  -  see Appendix II]
	[Crataegus pruinosa  -  see Appendix I]
	[Crataegus rotundifolia  -  see Crataegus chrysocarpa]
[LN]	Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb.
	shrubby cinquefoil; Fr: potentille frutescente.  Circumboreal (disj.); thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Potentilla fruticosa L.]
		[=Potentilla floribunda Pursh]
		[=Pentaphylloides fruticosa (L.) O. Schwarz]
		[=Pentaphylloides floribunda (Pursh) Á. Löve]
		[=Potentilla fruticosa var. tenuifolia Lehm.]
		[=Potentilla fruticosa subsp. floribunda (Pursh) Elkington]
[N]	Dryas drummondii Richardson ex Hook.
	yellow mountain avens, Drummond's dryad; Fr: dryade de Drummond.  Cordilleran disjunct; wNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Dryas drummondii is know from limestone cliffs and talus bases (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Dryas integrifolia Vahl subsp. integrifolia
	white mountain avens; Fr: dryade à feuilles entières.  Arctic-alpine NA; S thr. Lab. to w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Dryas integrifolia forma canescens (Simmons) Fernald]
		[=Dryas integrifolia var. canescens Simmons]
[N] 	Dryas Xwyssiana P.Beauv. (drummondii x integrifolia)
	hybrid mountain avens; Fr: dryade hybride.  Reported from the Gulf of St. Lawrence; wNfld.
		[=Dryas Xlewinii Rouleau] - type: Wild Cove, wNfld.
	[Filipendula rubra  -  see Appendix II]
[N] i	Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.
	queen of the meadow; Fr: reine-des-prés.  Eurasian; intr. in w/s/ne/eNfld.
		[=Spiraea ulmaria L.]
[N] i	Filipendula vulgaris Moench
	dropwort; Fr: filipendule vulgaire.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Filipendula hexapetala Gilib.]
	[Fragaria Xananassa  -  see Appendix II]
[N]	Fragaria vesca L. subsp. americana (Porter) Staudt
	woodland strawberry; Fr: fraisier des bois, frasier à vaches.  Temp. NA, CA; w/c/eNfld.
		[=Fragaria vesca var. americana Porter]
		[=Fragaria americana (Porter) Britton]
		[The European subsp. vesca has been reported as a garden escape; reports may refer to subsp. americana.]
	Fragaria virginiana Mill.
[LN]	   subsp. glauca (S.Watson) Staudt
	   northern wild strawberry; Fr: fraisier glauque.  Temp.-Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to w/cLab.
		[=Fragaria virginiana var. glauca S.Watson]
		[=Fragaria terrae-novae Rydb.]
		[=Fragaria virginiana var. terrae-novae (Rydb.) Fernald & Wiegand]
[N]	   subsp. virginiana 
	   Virginia strawberry; Fr: fraisier de Virginie, fraisier des champs.  Temp.-Boreal NA; N to ?Nfld.	
		[=Fragaria canadensis Michx.]
	[Geum aleppicum  -  see Geum rivale notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Geum macrophyllum Willd. var. macrophyllum
	largeleaf avens; Fr: benoîte à grandes feuilles.  Cordilleran disjunct; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
[LN]	Geum rivale L.
purple avens, water avens; Fr: benoîte des ruisseaux. Boreal amphi-Atlantic; thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[The specimen of Geum aleppicum Jacq. from Tompkins, wNF, Roland & Smith, 1949 (SWGC) is referred to Geum rivale, annotated by S.G. Hay, 1997.]
	[Geum triflorum  -  see Appendix I]
	[Malus baccata, Malus pumila, Malus sylvestris  -  see Appendix II]
	[Photinia pyrifolia  -  see Photinia floribunda notes and Appendix I]
[L?N]	Photinia floribunda (Lindl.) K.R. Robertson & J.B. Phipps
	purple chokeberry; Fr: aronie à feuilles de prunier.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld. (except nw)
		[=Pyrus floribunda Lindl.]
		[=Aronia atropurpurea Britton]
		[=Aronia floribunda (Lindl.) Spach]
		[=Aronia prunifolia (Marshall) Rehd.]
		[=Mespilus prunifolia Marshall, not Pyrus prunifolia Willd.]
		[=Pyrus arbutifolia (L.) L.f. var. atropurpurea (Britton) B.L. Robinson]
		[Scoggan (1978) states that the Nfld. report of Photinia pyrifolia by Robinsion & von Schrenk, 1896 (as Pyrus arbutifolia), is based on Photinia floribunda (Lindl.) Spach (as Pyrus arbutifolia var. atro-purpurea) (CAN).  Labrador reports of Photinia floribunda require verification; they likely refer to eQue.  See Kartesz & Gandhi (1992b) for discussion of nomenclatural problems in Photinia/Aronia.]
[L?N]	Photinia melanocarpa (Michx.) K.R. Robertson & J.B. Phipps
	black chokeberry; Fr: aronie à fruits noirs, gueules noires.  nTemp.-sBoreal eNA; N to w/s/c/eNfld.
		[=Mespilus arbutifolia L. var. melanocarpa Michx.]
		[=Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Elliott var. nigra (Willd.) F. Seym.]
		[=Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott]
		[=Aronia nigra (Willd.) Koehne]
		[=Pyrus arbutifolia (L.) L.f. var. melanocarpa (Michx.) Hook.]
		[=Pyrus arbutifolia var. nigra Willd.]
		[=Pyrus melanocarpa (Michx.) Willd.]
		[Lab. reports of Photinia melanocarpa require verification; probably refer to the Côte-Nord, eQue.]
[LN] i	Potentilla anglica Laichard.
	English cinquefoil, trailing tormentil; Fr: potentille d’Angleterre.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Potentilla procumbens Sibth.]
		[=Tormentilla reptans L.]
		[The report of Potentilla canadensis from eNfld. (Bay Bulls), by Titford & Titford (1995) is referred to Potentilla anglica.]
	[Potentilla anserina  -  see Argentina anserina]
[N] i	Potentilla argentea L.
	silverleaf cinquefoil; Fr: potentille argentée.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld.
	[Potentilla canadensis  -  see Potentilla anglica notes and Appendix I]
	[Potentilla crantzii  -  see Potentilla neumanniana]
[L]	Potentilla diversifolia Lehm. subsp. ranunculus (Lange) A.E. Porsild
diverseleaf cinquefoil, alpine meadow cinquefoil; Fr: potentille renoncule.  Greenland and nLab. (Okak).
		[=Potentilla ranunculus Lange]
		[=Potentilla diversifolia var. ranunculus (Lange) B. Boivin]
	[Potentilla egedii  -  see Argentina egedii]
[N] i	Potentilla erecta (L.) Räuschel
	erect cinquefoil, tormentil; Fr: potentille tormentille.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Tormentilla erecta L.]
		[=Potentilla tormentilla Stokes]
[Potentilla flabellifolia  -  see Potentilla nana & Potentilla neumanniana]
     	[Potentilla fruticosa  -  see Dasiphora fruticosa]
	[Potentilla hookeriana subsp. chamissonis  -  see Appendix I]

[N] i	Potentilla intermedia L.
	downy cinquefoil; Fr: potentille intermédiaire.  Eurasian; intr. in wNfld.
[L]	Potentilla nana Willd. ex Schltdl.
	polar cinquefoil; Fr: potentille naine.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to nLab.
		[=Potentilla emarginata Pursh]
		[=Potentilla emarginata var. elatior Abrom.]
		[=Potentilla flabellifolia Hook. ex Torr. & Gray var. emarginata (Pursh) B. Boivin]
		[=Potentilla hyparctica Malte]
		[=Potentilla hyparctica Malte var. elatior (Abrom.) Fernald]
[LN]	Potentilla neumanniana Asch.
Crantz’s cinquefoil, northern cinquefoil; Fr: potentille de Crantz.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; S thr. Lab. to  w/nwNfld., calc.
		[=Fragaria crantzii Crantz]
		[=Potentilla alpestris Haller f. in Sér.]
		[=Potentilla crantzii (Crantz) Beck ex Fritsch]
		[=Potentilla flabellifolia Hook. ex Torr. & Gray var. hirta (Lange) B. Boivin]
		[=Potentilla maculata Pourr.]
		[=Potentilla maculata var. hirta Lange]
		[=Potentilla tabernaemontani Asch.]
[LN]	Potentilla nivea L.
	snowy cinquefoil; Fr: potentille des neiges.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.); S to nLab., w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Potentilla nivea var. macrophylla Sér.]
		[=Potentilla nivea var. pentaphylla Lehm.]
		[=Potentilla nivea var. tomentosa Nilsson-Ehle]
		[=Potentilla prostrata Rottbøll subsp. floccosa Soják]
[LN]	Potentilla norvegica L. subsp. monspeliensis (L.) Asch. & Graebn.
	rough cinquefoil; Fr: potentille de Norvège.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Nachvak).
		[=Potentilla monspeliensis L.]
		[=Potentilla flexuosa Raf.]
		[=Potentilla hirsuta Michx.]
		[=Potentilla labradorica Lehm.] - type: Labrador.
		[=Potentilla monspeliensis L. var. labradorica (Lehm.) Fernald]

		[=Potentilla norvegica subsp. hirsuta (Michx.) Hyl.]
		[=Potentilla norvegica var. hirsuta (Michx.) Lehm. forma labradorica (Lehm.) Th. Wolf]
		[=Potentilla norvegica var. labradorica (Lehm.) Fernald]
	[Potentilla palustris  -  see Comarum palustre]
	[Potentilla pectinata  -  see Potentilla pensylvanica var. litoralis]
[LN]	Potentilla pensylvanica L. var. litoralis (Rydb.) B. Boivin
coastal cinquefoil; Fr: potentille pectinée.  Coastal eNA; w/nwNfld., N to cLab (Dead Is.), calc.
		[=Potentilla litoralis Rydb.]
		[=Potentilla pectinata Raf.]
		[=Potentilla pensylvanica L. var. pectinata (Raf.) B. Boivin]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Potentilla pensylvanica var. litoralis is known from limestone or sandstone cliffs and talus (Bouchard et al., 1991).  NF reports of the western Potentilla bipinnatifida Dougl. ex Hook. refer to P. pensylvanica L. var. litoralis (Rydb.) B. Boivin (S.G. Hay et al., 1990).]
[LN]	Potentilla pulchella R.Br. ex Ross var. pulchella
pretty cinquefoil, Burnt Cape cinquefoil (NF); Fr: potentille jolie, potentille du cap Brûlé (T-N).  Arctic amphi-Atlantic; S to n-most Lab., nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Potentilla nivea L. var. pulchella (R.Br. ex Ross) Durand]
		[=Potentilla usticapensis Fernald] - type: Burnt Cape, nwNfld.
		[Potentilla usticapensis is considered by most researchers to be a synonym of Potentilla pulchella var. pulchella, however, no biochemical work has yet been done to confirm or refute this. If recognized as distinct, P. usticapensis is considered endemic to Burnt Cape, nwNfld.  One plant of P. usticapensis has been located at Cape Norman, nwNfld., in gravels likely quarried from Burnt Cape just prior to the site being declared an ecological reserve.  The persistence of this plant is not known.]
[N] i	Potentilla recta L.
	sulphur cinquefoil, roughfruit cinquefoil; Fr: potentille dressée.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Potentilla sulphureus Lam.]
[Potentilla rolandii  -  see Argentina egedii]
[N] i	Potentilla simplex Michx.
	common cinquefoil, decumbent fivefinger; Fr: potentille simple.  Temp. eNA; intr. in c/eNfld.
		[=Potentilla simplex var. calvescens Fernald]
[N] i	Potentilla sterilis (L.) Garcke
	strawberryleaf cinquefoil; Fr: potentille stérile.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[Fragaria sterilis L.]
	[Potentilla tridentata  -  see Sibbaldiopsis tridentata]
	[Potentilla usticapensis  -  see Potentilla pulchella]
	[Potentilla vahliana  -  see Appendix I]
	[Prunus depressa  -  see Appendix I]
	[Prunus domestica  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Prunus pensylvanica L.f. var. pensylvanica
	pincherry; Fr: cerisier de Pennsylvanie, petit merisier.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld. (except nw), N to cLab.
[N]	Prunus virginiana L. var. virginiana
	chokecherry; Fr: cerisier de Virginie, cerisier à grappes.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld. (except upper nw).
		[=Padus virginiana (L.) Mill.]
	[Rosa blanda  -  see Appendix I]
	[Rosa eglanteria  -  see Appendix II, Rosa rubiginosa]
[N]	Rosa nitida Willd.
	shining rose, northeastern rose; Fr: rosier brillant.  nTemp. eNA; thr. Nfld. (except nw).
	[Rosa rubrifolia, Rosa rugosa  -  see Appendix II]
[N]	Rosa virginiana Mill.
	Virginia rose, pasture rose; Fr: rosier de Virginie.  Temp. eNA; thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Rosa nanella Rydb.]
		[=Rosa virginiana forma nanella (Rydb.) Fernald]
[LN]	Rubus arcticus L. subsp. acaulis (Michx.) Focke
	plumboy (NF), arctic bramble; Fr: ronce acaule.  Boreal NA; w/n/cNfld.
		[=Rubus acaulis Michx.]
		[=Rubus arcticus var. acaulis (Michx.) B. Boivin]
		[=Rubus arcticus var. grandiflorus Ledeb.]
[N]	Rubus canadensis L. 
	smooth blackberry, Canada blackberry; Fr: ronce du Canada.  Temp. eNA; N to w/c/ne/eNfld.
		[=Rubus argutus Link var. randii (L.H. Bailey) L.H. Bailey]
		[=Rubus elegantulus Blanch.]
		[=Rubus kennedyanus Fernald]
		[=Rubus millspaughii L.H. Bailey]
		[=Rubus randii (L.H. Bailey) Rydb. ex Britton]
		[=Rubus ulterior L.H. Bailey]
		[=Rubus villosus Aiton var. randii L.H. Bailey]
		[Rouleau & Lamoureux (1992) indicate two locations for Rubus vermontanus in Nfld.; one specimen has been referred to Rubus canadensis, the other to Rubus hispidus, annotated by S.G. Hay.]
[LN]	Rubus chamaemorus L.
bakeapple (NF), cloudberry; Fr: chicouté, platebière (SPM), ronce petit-mûrier.  Arctic circumpolar; thr. Lab. & Nfld.; acid.
	[Rubus elegantulus  -  see Rubus canadensis]
	[Rubus flagellaris  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Rubus hispidus L.
	hispid blackberry; Fr: ronce hispide.  Temp. eNA.; eNfld.
		[First verified Nfld. collection of Rubus hispidus is reported from near Holyrood, Rouleau, 1960 (MT); annotated by S.G. Hay.]
[LN]	Rubus idaeus L. subsp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke
	wild red raspberry; Fr: framboisier sauvage.  Boreal NA, Asia; thr. Nfld., N to nLab (ca. 56°30'N).
		[=Rubus strigosus Michx.]
		[=Rubus idaeus forma tonsus Fernald]
		[=Rubus idaeus subsp. melanolasius (Dieck) Focke]
		[=Rubus idaeus var. canadensis Richardson]
		[=Rubus idaeus var. canadensis forma caudatus (B.L. Robinson & Schrenk) Fernald]
-			 type: St. John’s, eNfld.
		[=Rubus idaeus var. caudatus B.L. Robinson & Schrenk]
		[=Rubus idaeus var. melanolasius (Dieck) R.J. Davis]
		[=Rubus idaeus var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim.]
		[=Rubus melanolasius Dieck]
		[=Rubus subarcticus Rydb.]
	[Rubus kennedyanus  -  see Rubus canadensis]
[LN]	Rubus Xparacaulis L.H. Bailey (pro sp.) (arcticus subsp. acaulis X pubescens) 
	hybrid plumboy; Fr: ronce hybride.  Boreal NA (disj.); w/nw/cNfld., N to nLab. (ca. 55°N).
		[=Rubus arcticus L. sensu Fernald 1950]
		[=Rubus pubescens Raf. var. paracaulis (L.H. Bailey) B. Boivin]
[N]	Rubus pensilvanicus Poir.
	Pennsylvania blackberry; Fr: ronce de Pennsylvaine.  Temp. eNA; N thr. Nfld. (except nw)
		[=Rubus pergratus Blanch.]
		[=Rubus pergratus var. terrae-novae Fernald]
	[Rubus pergratus  -  see Rubus pensilvanicus]
[LN]	Rubus pubescens Raf.
	dewberry (NF), dwarf raspberry; Fr: ronce pubescente, catherinettes.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Rubus americanus (Pers.) Britton]
		[=Rubus pubescens var. pilosifolius A.F. Hill] - type: Nfld. (and others sites)
		[=Rubus saxatilis L. var. americanus Pers.]
		[=Rubus saxatilis var. canadensis Michx.]
		[=Rubus triflorus Richardson]
[N]	Rubus recurvicaulis Blanch.
	arching dewberry; Fr: ronce à tige recourbée.  nTemp. eNA; N to s/eNfld.
		[=Rubus arundelanus Blanch.]
	[Rubus setosus  -  see Appendix I]
	[Rubus ulterior  -  see Rubus canadensis]
	[Rubus vermontanus  -  see Rubus canadensis notes and Appendix I, Rubus setosus]
[LN]	Sanguisorba canadensis L. subsp. canadensis
	bottlebrush (NF), Canada burnet; Fr: sanguisorbe du Canada.  Boreal NA (disj.); thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Sanguisorba canadensis subsp. latifolia (Hook.) Calder]
		[=Sanguisorba canadensis var. latifolia Hook.]
[LN]	Sibbaldia procumbens L.
	creeping sibbaldia; Fr: sibbaldie couchée.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar (disj.); S to sLab, w/nwNfld; snowbeds.
		[=Potentilla sibbaldii Haller f. in Sér.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Sibbaldia procumbens is known from late snowbeds and alpine ravines (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Sibbaldiopsis tridentata (Solander) Rydb.
	threetooth cinquefoil; Fr: potentille tridentée.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Nachvak).
		[=Potentilla tridentata Solander in Aiton] 
		[=Potentilla tridentata forma hirsutifolia Pease]
		[=Sibbaldiopsis tridentata forma hirsutifolia (Pease) Á. Löve & J.-P. Bernard]
	[Sorbaria sorbifolia  -  see Appendix II]
	[XSorbaronia arsenii  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Sorbus americana Marshall
	American mountainash, dogberry; Fr: sorbier d’Amerique, cormier.  Temp. eNA; thr. Nfld.
		[=Pyrus americana (Marshall) DC.]
[N] i	Sorbus aucuparia L.
	European mountainash, rowan; Fr: sorbier des oiseleurs.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld.
		[=Pyrus aucuparia (L.) Gaertn.]
[LN]	Sorbus decora (Sarg.) C.K. Schneid.
	showy mountainash; Fr: sorbier de montagne, sorbier plaisant.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Pyrus americana (Marsh) DC. var. decora Sarg.]
		[=Pyrus decora (Sarg.) Hyland]
		[=Pyrus sitchensis of NF reports, non Piper]  
		[NF reports of Sorbus sitchensis Roem. refer to Sorbus decora.]
[LN]	Sorbus groenlandica (C.K. Schneid.) Á. & D. Löve
	Greenland mountainash; Fr: sorbier du Groenland.   Boreal eNA; ?thr. Nfld., N to nLab (Anatolak).
		[=Sorbus americana Marshall var. groenlandica C.K. Schneid.]
		[=Pyrus decora (Sarg.) Hyland var. groenlandica (C.K. Schneid.) Fernald]
		[=Sorbus decora (Sarg.) C.K. Schneid. var. groenlandica (C.K. Schneid.) G.N. Jones]
	[Sorbus sitchensis  -  see Sorbus decora notes and Appendix I]
[L?N]	Spiraea alba DuRoi  var. latifolia (Aiton) Dippel 1893, non H.E. Ahles 1964, non F. Seym., 1982
	broadleaf meadowsweet; Fr: spirée à larges feuilles, thé du Canada.  nTemp. eNA; N thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Spiraea salicifolia L. var. latifolia Aiton]
		[=Spiraea alba var. septentrionalis (Fernald) Fosberg 1965, non F. Seym. 1969]
		[=Spiraea latifolia (Aiton) Borkh.]
		[=Spiraea latifolia var. septentrionalis Fernald]
		[=Spiraea septentrionalis (Fernald) Á. & D. Löve]
		[Labrador reports of Spiraea alba var. latifolia likely refer to the Côte Nord, eQue. (Scoggan 1978).  Some authors recognize Spiraea septentrionalis as a distinct species, based largely on the inflorescence shape.]
	[Spiraea latifolia, Spiraea septentrionalis  -  see Spiraea alba var. latifolia]

Rubiaceae  Madder Family
[N] i	Galium aparine L.
	cleavers, goosegrass; Fr: gaillet gratteron.  Temp. NA, Eurasia (disj.); intr. in eNfld.
[N]	Galium asprellum Michx.
	rough bedstraw; Fr: gaillet piquant.  Temp. eNA; N to w/c/ne/eNfld.
	[Galium brandegii  -  see Galium trifidum subsp. trifidum]
[N]	Galium kamtschaticum Steller ex J.A. & J.H. Schult.
	northern wild licorice; Fr: gaillet du Kamtschatka.  Boreal Beringian disjunct; N to w/nwNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Galium kamtschaticum is found in moist woods and thickets over limestone (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Galium labradoricum (Wiegand) Wiegand
	Labrador bedstraw; Fr: gaillet du Labrador.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld. (except s), N to cLab. 
		[=Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop. var. labradoricum Wiegand]
[LN] i	Galium mollugo L.
	wild madder, false baby’s breath; Fr: gaillet mollugine.  Eurasian; intr. in w/n/eNfld., wLab.
		[First verified Labrador report of Galium mollugo is from Wabush, wLab., J. Maunder, 1997 (NFM).]
[LN]	Galium palustre L.
	marsh bedstraw; Fr: gaillet palustre.  Boreal amphi-Atlantic; w/nw/c/eNfld., N to cLab.
[N] i	Galium saxatile L.
	heath bedstraw; Fr: gaillet des rochers.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[Galium saxatile is naturalized in bogs in the Trepassey area, seNfld.]
[N]	Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop. subsp. tinctorium
	dyer’s bedstraw; Fr: gaillet des teinturiers.  Boreal eCanada; thr. Nfld. (except s).
		[=Asperula tinctoria L.]
		[=Galium claytonii Michx.]
		[=Galium trifidum L. subsp. tinctorium (L.) H. Hara]
		[=Galium trifidum var. tinctorium (L.) Torr. & Gray]
		[A monograph on Galium by Puff (1976) rejects Galium tinctorium var. subbiflorum for eNA; NF reports are referred to Galium trifidum subsp. trifidum.  Labrador reports of Galium tinctorium also refer to Galium trifidum subsp. trifidum.]
	Galium trifidum L.
	threepetalled bedstraw; Fr: gaillet trifide.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld. & Lab.
[LN]	    subsp. halophilum (Fernald & Wiegand) Puff
		[=Galium trifidum var. halophilum Fernald & Wiegand]
		[Spelling of 'halophilum' sometimes appears with 2 'll's, the accepted spelling is with one 'l.']
[LN]	    subsp. trifidum
		[=Galium brandegei A. Gray p.p. and sensu Fernald 1950, Rouleau 1978]
		[=Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop. var. subbiflorum sensu Fernald 1950]
		[NF reports of Galium tinctorium var. subbiflorum and Galium brandegei are referred to Galium trifidum subsp. trifidum by Puff (1976).]
	[Galium trifidum subsp. subbiflorum  -  see Galium trifidum subsp. trifidum notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Galium triflorum Michx.
	fragrant bedstraw; Fr: gaillet à trois fleurs.  Circumboreal (disj.); thr. Nfld., N to w/cLab.
[N] i	Galium verum L.
	yellow bedstraw; Fr: gaillet vrai.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[Nfld. report is based on a collection from Logy Bay Rd., St. John's, eNfld., near the golf course.]
	[Houstonia caerulea  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Mitchella repens L.
twoeyed berry (NF), partridgeberry (mainland Canada); Fr: pain de perdrix, mitchelle rampante.  Temp. eNA; N to sw/sNfld.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Mitchella repens is found in scrubby heath, dwarf spruce thickets, and scrubby bog hummocks along the south coast and sw corner of Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
  
Salicaceae  Willow Family
	[Populus alba  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Populus balsamifera L. subsp. balsamifera
balsam poplar, tacamahac, hackmatack; Fr: peuplier baumier.  Boreal NA; w/nw/c/eNfld., N to nLab. (Ramah).

		[=Populus balsamifera var. candicans (Aiton) A. Gray]
		[=Populus balsamifera var. fernaldiana Rouleau]
		[=Populus balsamifera var. michauxii (Dode) A. Henry]
		[=Populus balsamifera var. subcordata Hyl.]
		[=Populus candicans Aiton]
		[=Populus michauxii Dode]
		[=Populus tacamahaca Mill.]
		[=Populus tacamahaca var. michauxii (Dode) Farw.]
		[The single eNfld. (St. John's area) report in Rouleau and Lamoureux is likely a planted specimen.]
	[Populus Xcanescens  -  see Appendix II]
	[Populus Xgileadensis  -  see Appendix II, Populus Xjackii]
	[Populus Xjackii  -  see Appendix II]
	[Populus nigra cv. italica  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Populus tremuloides Michx.
trembling aspen, quaking aspen; Fr: peuplier faux-tremble, tremble.  Boreal NA; w/c/ne/eNfld., N to sLab. (Cartwright).
		[=Populus tremuloides forma reniformis Tideström]
	[Salix alaxensis  -  see Appendix I]
	[Salix alba L. var. vitellina  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Salix xamoena Fernald (pro sp.) (glauca var. callicarpaea x planifolia)
	HaHa Mt. willow; Fr: saule charmant.  nwNfld.; calc.
		[Salix Xamoena is known only from the type locality: HaHa Mt., Pistolet Bay, nwNfld.]
	[Salix ancorifera Fernald  -  see Salix discolor]
[LN]	Salix arctica Pallas
arctic willow; Fr: saule arctique.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to n-most Lab., wNfld.; bas.
		[=Salix anglorum auct. non Cham.]
		[=Salix anglorum var. araioclada C.K. Schneid.]
		[=Salix anglorum var. kophophylla C.K. Schneid.] - type: Blomidon Mt., wNfld.
		[=Salix arctica R.Br. ex Richardson]
		[=Salix arctica var. araioclada (C.K. Schneid.) Raup]
		[=Salix arctica var. kophophylla (C.K. Schneid.) Polunin]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Salix arctica is found on alpine serpentine talus slopes (Bouchard et al., 1991).  The report of an unnamed hybrid of Salix arctic var. kophophylla X brachycarpa from Ungava-Labrador (Scoggan 1978) is probably erroneous, since S. brachycarpa is not known from Lab.]
[LN]	Salix arctophila Cockerell ex A. Heller
northern willow, eastern arctic willow; Fr: saule arctophile.  Arctic-alpine NA; S to nLab., wNfld.
		[=Salix arctica Liebm., non Pallas]
		[=Salix arctophila forma lejocarpa (Lange) Fernald]
		[=Salix arctophila var. lejocarpa (Lange) C.K. Schneid.]
		[=Salix groenlandica Lundström, non Heer.]
		[=Salix groenlandica var. lejocarpa Lange]
[Classified as rare in Nfld., Salix arctophila is known from limestone barrens in western  Nfld. and the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).  An unnamed hybrid of Salix arctophila x uva-ursi is reported from Labrador by C.K. Schneider, 1921, (Scoggan 1978).]
[LN]	Salix argyrocarpa Andersson
Labrador willow, silver willow; Fr: saule argenté.  Boreal-subarctic eNA; nwNfld., N to nLab. (Bowdoin Harbour); snowbeds.
		[=Salix labradorica Rydb. var. pumila Nutt.]
		[First verified Nfld. reports of Salix argyrocarpa are from L’Anse-aux-Meadows NHP, nwNfld., and Big Level, GMNP, wNfld. (S.G. Hay et al., 1994); Salix argyrocarpa should be considered a candidate for rare species status in Nfld.]
	[Salix babylonica  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Salix ballii Dorn
Ball's willow; Fr: saule de Ball.  Boreal eCanada; w/nwNfld., N to sLab.; calc.

		[=Salix myrtillifolia Andersson var. brachypoda Fernald] - type: Table Mt., Port au Port, wNfld.
		[Salix ballii Dorn is a nom. nov. for Salix myrtillifolia var. brachypoda Fernald (Dorn 1975).]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Salix ballii is found in calcareous habitats. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[Salix barclayi  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb’s willow, longbeak willow; Fr: saule de Bebb.  Boreal NA & eAsia; thr. Nfld. (except s), N to cLab.
		[=Salix bebbiana var. capreifolia (Fernald) Fernald]
		[=Salix bebbiana var. perrostrata (Rydb.) C.K. Schneid.]
		[=Salix bebbiana var. projecta (Fernald) C.K. Schneid.]
		[=Salix depressa L. subsp. rostrata (Richardson) Hiitonen]
		[=Salix perrostrata Rydb.]
		[=Salix rostrata Richardson, non Thuill.]
		[=Salix rostrata var. capreifolia Fernald]
		[=Salix rostrata var. perrostrata (Rydb.) Fernald]
		[=Salix rostrata var. projecta Fernald] - type: Wild Cove, S of Bay of Islands, wNfld.
		[=Salix vagans var. rostrata (Richardson) Andersson]
		[Unnamed hybrid of S. bebbiana x candida reported from ?Nfld. by Boivin, 1966 (Scoggan 1978).]
	[Salix brachycarpa  -  see Salix glauca subsp. callicarpaea notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Salix calcicola Fernald & Wiegand var. calcicola
	limestone willow; Fr: saule calcicole.  Arctic-alpine eNA; n-most Lab., S to nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Salix lanata L. subsp. calcicola (Fernald & Wiegand) Hultén]
[LN]	Salix candida Flüggé ex Willd.
hoary willow, sageleaf willow; Fr: saule tomenteux.  Boreal NA; w/nwNfld., N to cLab.; calc.
		[=Salix candida forma denudata (Andersson) Rouleau]
		[=Salix candida var. denudata Andersson]
[N]	Salix candida X pellita
		[This hybrid willow is reported from Nfld. on the basis of annotations by G. Argus of specimens at MT.]
	[Salix caprea  -  see Appendix I]
[LN]	Salix cordata Michx.
heartleaf willow; Fr: saule à feuilles cordées.  Boreal eNA; nwNfld., N to cLab. (Goose Bay); calc.
		[=Salix adenophylla Hook.]
		[=Salix syrticola Fernald]
		[First verified Nfld. report of Salix cordata Michx. is from Port au Choix NHP, nwNfld. (S.G. Hay, et al., 1992); Salix cordata should be considered a candidate for rare species status in Nfld.]
	[Salix cordata Muhl.  -  see Salix eriocephala]
	[Salix cordifolia Pursh  -  see Salix glauca]
[N]	Salix xcryptodonta Fernald (pro. sp.) (bebbiana x candida)
	smalltooth willow; Fr: saule à dents cachées.  Gulf of St. Lawrence; w/nwNfld.
		[Type of Salix Xcryptodonta Fernald: East Branch, Humber River, wNfld.]
[LN]	Salix discolor Muhl.
pussy willow; Fr: saule discolore, chaton.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab. 
		[=Salix ancorifera Fernald] - type: McIver's Cove, Bay of Islands, wNfld.
		[=Salix discolor var. overi C.R. Ball]
		[An unnamed hybrid of S. discolor X S. humilis is reported from Nfld. by B.L. Robinson & von Schrenk, 1896 (Scoggan 1978).]
[N]	Salix discolor X myricoides
		[This hybrid willow is reported from Nfld. on the basis of annotations by G. Argus of specimens at MT.]
	[Salix elaeagnos  -  see Salix viminalis notes and Appendix I]
[N]	Salix eriocephala Michx.

	cottony willow, stiff willow; Fr: saule à tête laineuse, saule rigide.  Boreal eNA; N to w/cNfld.
		[=Salix cordata Michx. var. abrasa Fernald]
		[=Salix cordata Muhl., non Michx.]
		[=Salix cordata Muhl. var. rigida (Muhl.) Carey]
		[=Salix rigida Muhl.]
[N] i	Salix fragilis L.
	crack willow; Fr: saule fragile.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
[LN]	Salix glauca L. var. callicarpaea (Trautv.) Argus
beautiful willow; Fr: saule à beaux fruits.  Arctic eCanada, Iceland; thr. Lab., S to w/n/eNfld.; calc., snowbeds.
		[=Salix callicarpaea Trautv.]
		[=Salix cordifolia Pursh] - type: Labrador
		[=Salix cordifolia subsp. callicarpaea (Trautv.) Á. Löve]
		[=Salix cordifolia var. callicarpaea (Trautv.) Fernald]
		[=Salix cordifolia var. eucycla Fernald] - type: Point Riche, nwNfld.
		[=Salix cordifolia var. intonsa Fernald] - type: Deer Pond Bk., Highlands of St. John, nwNfld.
		[=Salix cordifolia var. macounii (Rydb.) C.K. Schneid.]
		[=Salix cordifolia var. tonsa Fernald] - type: HaHa Mt., nwNfld.
		[=Salix glauca subsp. callicarpaea (Trautv.) Böcher]
		[=Salix labradorica Rydb., non O. Schwarz]
		[=Salix macounii Rydb.]
		[NF reports of Salix brachycarpa refer to S. glauca subsp. callicarpaea; pers. comm., 1996, G. Argus, P. Morisset.  An unnamed hybrid of S. glauca x S. planifolia is reported from ?Lab. by Boivin, 1966.]
	[Salix glaucophylloides Fernald  -  see Salix myricoides]
[LN]	Salix herbacea L.
snowbed willow; Fr: saule herbacé.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; n-most Lab., S to w/nwNfld.; acid., snowbeds.
		[=Salix polaris of Labrador reports, non Wahlenb.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Salix herbacea is known from alpine snowbeds in the Long Range Mts. of the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Salix humilis Marshall var. humilis
prairie willow, small pussywillow; Fr: saule humble.  Boreal eNA; s/c/ne/eNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Salix humilis var. keweenawensis Farw.]
	[Salix interior  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Salix jejuna Fernald
	barren willow; Fr: saule des landes.  Endemic to Strait of Belle Isle; nwNfld.; calc.
		[Type of Salix jejuna Fernald: Cape Norman, nwNfld.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Salix jejuna is known from limestone barrens along the Strait of Belle Isle (Bouchard et al., 1991). Lab. reports (Chateau Bay) have been rejected by G. Argus (pers. comm).]
	[Salix lanata subsp. calcicola  -  see Salix calcicola]
	[Salix lanata subsp. richardonii  -  see Salix richardsonii]
	[Salix Xlaurentiana  -  see Appendix I]
	[Salix leiolepis Fernald  -  see Salix vestita]
[LN]	Salix lucida Muhl. subsp. lucida
shining willow; Fr: saule brillant.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Salix lucida angustifolia Andersson]
		[=Salix lucida var. angustifolia (Andersson) Andersson]
		[=Salix lucida var. intonsa Fernald]
[Salix monticola  -  see Appendix I]
[NL]	Salix myricoides Muhl. var. myricoides
	bayberry willow; Fr: saule faux-myrique.  Boreal eNA; N to wNfld., seLab.; calc.
		[=Salix glaucophylla Bebb]
		[=Salix glaucophylloides Fernald] - type: Robinson's Brook, wNfld.
		[=Salix glaucophylloides forma lasioclada Fernald]

		[=Salix glaucophylloides var. glaucophylla (Bebb) C.K. Schneid.]
		[=Salix laurentiana Fernald forma glaucophylla (Bebb) B. Boivin]
		[A single Labrador report of Salix myricoides, annotated by G. Argus, is known from L'Anse-Amour.]
	[Salix myrtillifolia var. brachypoda  -  see Salix ballii]
[LN]	Salix myrtillifolia Andersson
	bilberry willow; Fr: saule à feuilles de myrtille.  Boreal NA; nwNfld., N to cLab.; calc.
		[=Salix myrtillifolia var. cordata (Andersson) Dorn]
		[=Salix myrtillifolia var. pseudomyrsinites (Andersson) Ball ex Hultén]
		[=Salix novae-angliae Andersson]
		[=Salix novae-angliae " (var.) pseudomyrsinites (Andersson) Andersson in DC.]
		[=Salix novae-angliae $ (var.) pseudocordata Andersson in DC.]
		[=Salix pseudocordata (Andersson) Rydb.]
		[=Salix pseudomyrsinites Andersson]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Salix myrtillifolia was known from only two locations on the Great Northern Peninsula; it was relocated in 1991 by Bouchard et al. on the Port au Choix Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1992).]
[LN]	Salix pedicellaris Pursh
	bog willow; Fr: saule pédicellé.  Boreal NA; w/nw/c/sNfld., N to cLab.; acid.
		[=Salix myrtilloides auct. non L.]
		[=Salix pedicellaris var. hypoglauca Fernald]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Salix pedicellaris is found in fens and marshes (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Salix pedunculata Fernald
	peduncled willow, blackbract willow; Fr: saule pédonculé.  Endemic to nwNfld.; calc.
		[Type of Salix pedunculata Fernald: near Savage Cove, Strait of Belle Isle, nwNfld.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Salix pedunculata is known from moist calcareous sites on the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991). This taxon may prove to be a hybrid, but the parentage has not been determined yet (M. Anions, pers. comm. 2000).]
[LN]	Salix pellita Andersson
satiny willow; Fr: saule satiné.  Boreal eNA; w/nw/s/cNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Salix pellita forma psila C.K. Schneid.]
[N] i	Salix pentandra L.
	laurel willow, bayleaf willow; Fr: saule laurier.  European.
		[Nfld. reports of Salix pentandra are based on two specimens by Rouleau: fencerows, Little Paradise, Placentia West, eNfld. and shores of Corner Brook, Corner Brook, wNfld., 1966.]
[LN]	Salix planifolia Pursh 
	tealeaf willow, flatleaf willow; Fr: saule à feuilles planes.  Boreal NA; w/nw/c/eNfld., N to nLab.
		[=Salix chlorophylla Andersson]
		[=Salix phylicifolia L. subsp. planifolia (Pursh) Hiitonen]
		[=Salix phylicifolia var. planifolia (Pursh) Cronquist]
[Salix pseudomonticola  -  see Appendix I]
[N] i	Salix purpurea L.
	purple willow; Fr: saule pourpre.  Eurasian.
		[Reported from Holyrood, eNfld. (GH) (Scoggan 1978), persistence is unknown]
[LN]	Salix pyrifolia Andersson
balsam willow, Fr: saule baumier, saule à feuilles de poirier.  Boreal NA; w/nw/c/eNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Salix balsamifera Barratt ex Hook. (pro syn.)]
		[=Salix balsamifera var. lanceolata Bebb]
		[=Salix cordata Muhl. var. balsamifera Hook.]
		[=Salix pyrifolia var. lanceolata (Bebb) Fernald]
[LN]	Salix reticulata L. subsp. reticulata
	netvein willow; Fr: saule réticulé.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; thr. Lab., S to nwNfld.; often calc., snowbeds.
		[=Salix orbicularis Andersson]

		[=Salix reticulata var. semicalva Fernald]
	[Salix richardsonii  -  see Appendix I]
	[Salix rigida  -  see Salix eriocephala]
[N]	Salix Xrubens Schrank (alba X fragilis)
		[This hybrid willow is reported from eNfld.]
		[First verified Nfld. report or Salix Xrubens was collected by Gaston Sylvain, 1982: banks of the Rennies River, St. John's, eNfld.]
[LN]	Salix serissima (L.H. Bailey) Fernald
	autumn willow; Fr: saule très tardif.  Boreal NA; w/nw/cNfld., N to cLab.; calc.
		[=Salix lucida Muhl. var. serissima L.H. Bailey]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Salix serissima is known from wet limestone sites (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Salix Xungavensis Lepage (ballii [myrtillifolia var. brachypoda] X glauca var. callicarpaea)
	Ungava willow; Fr: saule de l’Ungava.  Quebec & Nfld.; wNfld.
		[Type of Salix Xungavensis Lepage: wNfld.]
[LN]	Salix uva-ursi Pursh
	bearberry willow; Fr: saule raisin-d’ours.  Arctic eNA; chiefly coastal areas thr. Lab., S to w/nw/s/eNfld.
		[=Salix arbuscula L. var. labradorica (Andersson) Andersson] - type: Labrador.
		[=Salix cutleri Tuckerman]
		[=Salix cutleri var. labradorica (Andersson) Andersson in DC.]
		[=Salix uva-ursi forma phyllolepis Fernald] - type: Table Mt., Port au Port, wNfld.
[LN]	Salix vestita Pursh
hairy willow, rock willow; Fr: saule soyeux.  Arctic-alpine NA; nLab. (Nachvak), S to w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[= Salix fernaldii Blankinship]
		[=Salix leiolepis Fernald] - type: Table Mt., Port au Port, wNfld. 
		[=Salix vestita forma mensalis Fernald] - type: Table Mt., Port au Port, wNfld.
		[=Salix vestita var. erecta Andersson]
		[=Salix vestita subsp. leiolepis (Fernald) Argus]
		[Type of Salix vestita Pursh: Labrador.]
[N] i	Salix viminalis L.
	common osier, basket willow; Fr: saule des vanniers.  Eurasian; intr. in w/s/eNfld.
		[Reports of Salix elaeagnos Scop. refer to Salix viminalis.]
[LN]	Salix Xwaghornei Rydb. (arctica var. kophophylla X glauca var. callicarpaea)
	Waghorne's willow; Fr: saule de Waghorne.  Strait of Belle Isle, seLab & nwNfld.
		[Type of Salix Xwaghornei Rydb.: Red Bay, seLab.]
[N]	Salix Xwiegandii Fernald (pro sp.) (calcicola X candida)
	Wiegand's willow; Fr: saule de Wiegand.  Strait of Belle Isle, nwNfld.
		[Argus (1999) treated this taxon as a species of hybrid origin, but now considers it to be a hybrid of Salix calcicola x S. candida (G. Argus to M. Anions, pers. comm.).]
		[Type of Salix wiegandii Fernald: Gargamelle Cove, Ingornachoix Bay, nwNfld.]
  
Santalaceae  Sandalwood Family  (including Viscaceae)
[N]	Arceuthobium pusillum Peck
	dwarf misteltoe; Fr: petit gui, faux-gui nain.  nTemp. eNA; N to s/cNfld.
		[=Razoumofskya pusilla (Peck) Kuntze]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Arceuthobium pusillum is parasitic on Picea mariana (Bouchard et al., 1991); it is responsible for the formation of witches' brooms in wNfld.]
[LN]	Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. subsp. umbellata 
star toadflax, bastard toadflax; Fr: comandre en ombelle.  Boreal NA; w/nwNfld., N to sLab. (Red Bay)
		[=Thesium umbellatum L.]
		[=Comandra richardsiana Fernald]
		[=Comandra umbellata subsp. richardsiana (Fernald) Á. & D. Löve]

[LN]	Geocaulon lividum (Richardson) Fernald
	northern comandra; Fr: géocaulon livide, comandre livide.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Nain).
		[=Comandra livida Richardson]
  
Sapindaceae  Soapberry Family  (including Aceraceae, Hippocastanaceae)
	[Acer negundo  -  see Appendix II]
	[Acer platanoides  -  see Appendix II]
	[Acer pseudoplatanus  -  see Appendix II]
.[N]	Acer rubrum L.
	red maple, swamp maple; Fr: érable rouge.  Temp. eNA; thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Acer rubrum forma tomentosum (Desf.) Dansereau]
		[=Acer tomentosum Desf.]
	[Acer saccharinum  -  see Appendix II]
	[Acer saccharum var. saccharum  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Acer spicatum Lam.
	mountain maple; Fr: érable à épis.  Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Acer montanum Aiton]
	[Aesculus hippocastanum  -  see Appendix II]
  
Sarraceniaceae  Pitcher Plant Family
[LN]	Sarracenia purpurea L. subsp. purpurea
	pitcher plant; Fr: sarracénie pourpre, herbe-crapaud.  Boreal and coastal plain eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Sarracenia gibbosa Raf.]
		[=Sarracenia heterophylla Eaton]
		[=Sarracenia purpurea forma heterophylla (Eaton) Fernald]
		[=Sarracenia purpurea L. subsp. gibbosa (Raf.) Wherry]
		[=Sarracenia purpurea var. heterophylla (Eaton) Torr.]
		[=Sarracenia purpurea var. terrae-novae Bachelot de la Pylaie]
		[=Sarracenia terrae-novae (Bachelot de la Pylaie) C.R. Bell]
		[Kartesz & Gandhi (1995) treated subspecies gibbosa as the northern expression (NF to Virginia) of Sarracenia purpurea and the southern expression (Virginia to Florida) as subsp. purpurea.  However, this was refuted by Cheek et al. (1997).]
  
Saxifragaceae  Saxifrage Family
[L]	Chrysosplenium tetrandrum (Lund ex Malmgren) Th. Fries
northern golden saxifrage; Fr: dorine à quatre étamines.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to n-cLab (ca. 55°N), nitr.
		[=Chrysosplenium alternifolium var. tetrandrum Lund ex Malmgren]
		[=Chrysosplenium alternifolium L. subsp. tetrandrum (Lund ex Malmgren) Hultén]
[LN]	Mitella nuda L.
	naked miterwort; Fr: mitrelle nue.  Boreal NA, Asia; thr. Nfld., N to nLab. (Attikamagen L.).
	[Parnassia  -  see Parnassiaceae]
[LN]	Saxifraga aizoides L.
yellow mountain saxifrage; Fr: saxifrage jaune des montagnes.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; w/nw/sNfld., S to nLab. (57°N); calc.
		[=Leptasea aizoides (L.) Haw.]
[L]	Saxifraga cernua L.
	nodding saxifrage, bulblet saxifrage; Fr: saxifrage penchée.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S to nLab. (57°N).
[LN]	Saxifraga cespitosa L. 
	tufted saxifrage; Fr: saxifrage gazonnante.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; thr. Lab., S to w/nwNfld.; calc., nitr.
		[=Muscaria cespitosa (L.) Haw.]
		[=Saxifraga cespitosa subsp. cespitosa L.]
		[=Saxifraga cespitosa subsp. eucespitosa Engl. & Irmsch.] - invalid name
		[=Saxifraga cespitosa subsp. exaratoides (Simmons) Engl. & Irmsch., emend. A.E. Porsild]
		[=Saxifraga cespitosa subsp. uniflora (R.Br.) A.E. Porsild]
		[=Saxifraga groenlandica L.]
		[=Saxifraga groenlandica subsp. exaratoides Simmons]
		[McJannet et al. (1999) do not recognize the 3 subspecies of Porsild and Cody (1980), which includes subsp. cespitosa, a subarctic amphi-Atlantic subspecies, as the taxon of our area.]
[LN]	Saxifraga foliolosa R.Br.
	grained saxifrage; Fr: saxifrage à bulbilles.  Arctic circumpolar; S to nLab., w/nwNfld.; snowbeds.
		[=Hydatica foliolosa (R.Br.) Small]
		[=Saxifraga comosa (Retz.) Britton]
		[=Saxifraga stellaris L. var. comosa Retz.]
		[=Saxifraga stellaris subsp. comosa (Retz.) Braun-Blanquet]
	[Saxifraga Xgeum  -  see Appendix I]
[L?]	Saxifraga hirculus L. subsp. propinqua (R.Br.) Á. & D. Löve
	yellow marsh saxifrage; Fr: saxifrage oeil-de-bouc, saxifrage dorée.  Arctic circumpolar; S to ?n-most Lab.
		[=Saxifraga propinqua R.Br.]
		[=Leptasea hirculus (L.) Small]
		[A potential nLab. report of Saxifraga hirculus subsp. propinqua is from Hedberg (1992).  However, it is impossible from the map to determine if the dot is in Que. or Labrador.]
[L]	Saxifraga hyperborea R.Br.
	arctic saxifrage; Fr: saxifrage hyperboréale.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar, S ?thr. Lab.
		[=Saxifraga rivularis forma hyperborea (R.Br.) Hook.]
		[=Saxifraga rivularis var. hyperborea (R.Br.) Dorn]
		[Saxifraga hyperborea is treated as a dwarf extreme of Saxifraga rivularis by Scoggan (1978) and  other authors, but chromosome counts of Saxifraga rivularis (2n=56) differ from those of Saxifraga hyperborea (2n = 26). Although known from Labrador, its complete range has not been verified.]
[L]	Saxifraga nivalis L.
	alpine saxifrage; Fr: saxifrage des neiges.  Arctic circumpolar; S to nLab. (58°N); acid., nitr.
		[=Micranthes nivalis (L.) Small]
[LN]	Saxifraga oppositifolia L.
purple mountain saxifrage; Fr: saxifrage à feuilles opposées.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; thr. coastal Lab., S to w/n/sNfld.; calc.
		[=Antiphylla oppositifolia (L.) Fourr.] 
		[=Saxifraga oppositifolia forma albiflora (Lange) Fernald]
		[=Saxifraga oppositifolia var. albiflora Lange]
[LN]	Saxifraga paniculata Mill.
encrusted saxifrage, white mountain saxifrage; Fr: saxifrage paniculée.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic, with disj. populations along Great Slave Lk. and Lake Superior, Ont.; nLab. (Komaktorvik Fjord), S to w/n/c/eNfld.; calc.
		[=Chondrosea paniculata (Mill.) Á. Löve subsp. neogaea (Butters) Á. Löve]
		[=Saxifraga aizoön Jacq.]
		[=Saxifraga aizoön var. neogaea Butters]
		[=Saxifraga aizoön var. neogaea forma frigida Butters]
		[=Saxifraga paniculata subsp. neogaea (Butters) D. Löve]
		[NF plants may be recognized as subsp. neogaea. An early report by Durand of a collection of Saxifraga geum from Nfld. may refer to Saxifraga paniculata (Scoggan 1978).]
[LN]	Saxifraga rivularis L.
alpine brook saxifrage; Fr: saxifrage des ruisseaux.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; S thr. Lab. to w/nwNfld.; calc., nitr., snowbeds.
		[=Lobaria rivularis (L.) Haw.]
		[=Saxifraga debilis Engelm. ex A. Gray]
		[=Saxifraga flexuosa Sternb.]
		[=Saxifraga rivularis var. flexuosa (Sternb.) Engl. & Irmsch.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Saxifraga rivularis is known from alpine snowbeds, ravines, and exposed cliffs (Bouchard et al., 1991).]

[L]	Saxifraga stellaris L. 
	starry saxifrage; Fr: saxifrage étoilée.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; S to nLab (Cutthroat Harbour).
		[=Hydatica stellaris (L.) S.F. Gray]
[L]	Saxifraga tenuis (Wahlenb.) Harry Sm. ex Lindm.
	slender saxifrage; Fr: saxifrage grêle.  Arctic amphi-Atlantic; S to n-most Lab.; acid., nitr.
		[=Saxifraga nivalis var. tenuis Wahlenb.]
		[=Saxifraga nivalis forma labradorica (Fernald) Polunin]
		[=Saxifraga nivalis var. labradorica Fernald]
		[=Saxifraga stricta Hormen.]
		[Saxifraga tenuis is treated by some authors, including Scoggan (1978) and McJannet et al. (1997+) as a subsp. of Saxifraga nivalis.]
[L]	Saxifraga tricuspidata Rottbøll
	prickly saxifrage; Fr: saxifrage à trois dents.  Arctic NA; S to n-most Lab. (59°N); calc.
		[=Leptasea tricuspidata (Rottbøll) Haw.]
	[Saxifraga umbrosa  -  see Appendix II]
  
Scrophulariaceae  Figwort Family, s.s. (excluding Plantaginiaceae and Orobanchaceae)
[N] i	Scrophularia nodosa L.
	knotty figwort, woodland figwort; Fr: scrophulaire noueuse.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld.
[N] i	Verbascum thapsus L.
	common mullein, flannel plant; Fr: grande molène, tabac du diable.  Eurasian; intr. in w/nwNfld.
[Parasitic and hemiparasitic genera of the Scrophulariaceae, s.l., have been placed in the Orobanchaceae, remaining genera, other than those given above, are now in the Plantaginaceae.] 

Solanaceae  Potato Family
	[Atropa belladonna  -  see Appendix II]
[N] i	Solanum dulcamara L. 
	bittersweet nightshade, climbing nightshade; Fr: morelle douce-amère.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld.
		[=Solanum dulcamara var. villosissimum Desv.]
[N] e	Solanum nigrum L.
	black nightshade; Fr: morelle noire.  Eurasian; intr. in w/cNfld.
		[Bassett and Munro (1985) discuss Solanum species easily confused with Solanum nigrum; they have revised one specimen, from near St. John's, to Solanum sarrachoides Sendt.  H. Mann reports two specimens at SWGC: Grand Falls (E. Kayler, 1981) and Port aux Basques (I.J. Green, 1974, ballast).; M. Anions also reports plants at Norris Point (dump), wNfld. (pers. comm., 2000).]
[N] e	Solanum sarrachoides Sendt.
	hairy nightshade; Fr: morelle poilue.  Temp. SA; intr. in eNfld.
		[A collection of Solanum sarrachoides is reported from near St. John's, eNfld., by Bassett and Munro (1985).]
	[Solanum tuberosum  -  see Appendix II]

[Thymelaeaceae,  Daphne Family  -  see Appendix II]
[Tiliaceae,  Linden Family  -  see Appendix II, Malvaceae]
[Ulmaceae,  Elm Family  -  see Appendix II]

Urticaceae  Nettle Family
	Urtica dioica L. 
[N] i	   subsp. dioica
	   stinging nettle; Fr: ortie dioïque.  European; intr. thr. Nfld.
[LN]	   subsp. gracilis (Aiton) Selander
	   stinging nettle; Fr: ortie élevée.  Boreal-nTemp. NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Urtica gracilis Aiton]
		[=Urtica dioica L. var. gracilis (Aiton) Roy L. Taylor & MacBryde]
		[=Urtica viridis Rydb.]
[N] i	Urtica urens L.
	burning nettle, dog nettle; Fr: ortie brûlante.  Eurasian; intr. thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[Labrador reports of Urtica urens are discounted in Woodland et al., 1976., but FNA shows a seLab. distribution.]

Valerianaceae  Valerian Family
[LN]	Valeriana dioica L. subsp. sylvatica (Solander ex Richardson) F.G. Meyer 
	northern valerian, marsh valerian; Fr: valériane des bois.  Boreal NA; w/nwNfld., N to wLab. (Labrador City).
		[=Valeriana sylvatica Solander ex Richardson, non F.W. Schmidt]
		[=Valeriana dioica L. var. sylvatica (Solander ex Richardson) S.Watson] 
		[=Valeriana septentrionalis Rydb.]
		[The authority for Valeriana sylvatica is sometimes listed as Banks ex Richardson in Franklin, for some clarification, see Lysaght (1971: 345). Classified as rare in Nfld., Valeriana dioica subsp. sylvatica is known from a variety of habitats over calcareous bedrock (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N] i	Valeriana officinalis L.	
	common valerian; Fr: valériane officinale.  Eurasian; intr. in ne/eNfld.

Violaceae  Violet Family
	[Viola adunca  -  see Viola labradorica notes and Appendix I]
[N] i	Viola arvensis Murray
	European field pansy, heart’s ease; Fr: violette des champs, petite pensée.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Viola tricolor L. subsp. arvensis (Murray) J.W.A. Wigand]
[LN]	Viola blanda Willd. 	 
	sweet white violet; Fr: violette agréable.  Temp.-sBoreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to sLab. 
		[=Viola blanda Willd. var. palustriformis A. Gray]
		[=Viola incognita Brainerd]  
		[=Viola incognita var. forbesii Brainerd]
	[Viola canadensis  -  see Appendix I]
	[Viola conspersa  -  see Viola labradorica]
[N]	Viola cucullata Aiton
	marsh blue violet; Fr: violette cucullée.  Temp.-sBoreal eNA; thr. Nfld.
		[=Viola cucullata var. microtitis Brainerd] - type: Exploits River Valley, cNfld.
		[=Viola obliqua Hill] - nom. ambig.
	[Viola incognita  -  see Viola blanda]
[LN]	Viola labradorica Schrank
	Labrador violet, dog violet; Fr: violette du Labrador.  nTemp.-Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Viola adunca Smith var. minor (Hook.) Fernald]
		[=Viola conspersa Rchb.]
		[=Viola muhlenbergiana Ging. in DC. var. minor Hook.]
		[=Viola muhlenbergii Torr.]
		[NF reports of Viola adunca Smith are referred to Viola labradorica.]
[N]	Viola lanceolata L.
	lanceleaf violet; Fr: violette lancéolée.  Temp. eNA; N to s/cNfld.
		[Classified as rare Nfld., Viola lanceolata is known from sandy floodplains (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Viola macloskeyi F.E. Lloyd subsp. pallens (Banks ex Ging.) M.S. Baker
	northern white violet; Fr: violette pâle.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Viola rotundifolia Michx. $ (var.) pallens Banks ex Ging. in DC.] - type: Labrador & Kamtchatka
		[=Viola macloskeyi var. pallens (Banks ex Ging.) C.L. Hitchc.]
		[=Viola pallens (Banks ex Ging.) Brainerd]
[N]	Viola nephrophylla Greene
	northern bog violet; Fr: violette néphrophylle.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld.; often calc.
		[=Viola arizonica Greene]
		[=Viola cognata Greene]
	[Viola odorata  -  see Appendix II]
	[Viola pallens  -  see Viola macloskeyi subsp. pallens]
[LN]	Viola palustris L.
alpine marsh violet; Fr: violette palustre.  Arctic-alpine amphi-Atlantic; nLab., S to w/nwNfld.; snowbeds.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Viola palustris is known from snowbeds and alpine ravines (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Viola renifolia A. Gray
	kidneyleaf violet; Fr: violette réniforme.  Boreal NA; w/nwNfld., N to cLab.; often calc.
		[=Viola brainerdii Greene]
		[=Viola renifolia var. brainerdii (Greene) Fernald]
[LN]	Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie
	Selkirk's violet, great spurred violet; Fr: violette de Selkirk.  Circumboreal (disj.); w/nwNfld., N to nLab.; calc.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Viola selkirkii is found in thickets and coniferous forests on limestone (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Viola septentrionalis  -  see Viola sororia]
[N]	Viola sororia Greene
	woolly blue violet; Fr: violette parente.  Boreal NA; N to w/cNfld.
		[=Viola septentrionalis  Greene]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Viola sororia is known from ravines and moist thickets along streams (Bouchard et al., 1991, as Viola septentrionalis).]
[N]	Viola Xsublanceolata House (lanceolata x macloskeyi subsp. pallens)
	primroseleaf violet; Fr: violette sublancéolée.  Occurs within overlapping range of the parent species; sNfld.
		[=Viola Xprimulifolia L. (pro. sp.)]
[N] i	Viola tricolor L.
	Johnny-jump-up, wild pansy; Fr: violette tricolore, pensée.  European; intr. in w/eNfld.

[Viscaceae (Loranthaceae)  -  see Santalaceae]
[Vitaceae  -  see Appendix II]