Fern Allies
  
Equisetaceae  Horsetail Family
[LN]	Equisetum arvense L.
	field horsetail; Fr: prêle des champs.  Circumboreal; N thr. Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Equisetum arvense forma alpestre (Wahlenb.) Luerssen]
		[=Equisetum arvense forma boreale (Bong.) Klinge]
		[=Equisetum arvense forma campestre (Schultz) Klinge] 
		[=Equisetum arvense forma diffusum (A.A. Eaton ex Gilbert) Clute]
		[=Equisetum arvense forma nemorusum A. Braun ex Döll]
		[=Equisetum arvense forma varium Milde]
		[=Equisetum arvense var. alpestre Wahlenb.]
		[=Equisetum arvense var. boreale (Bong.) Rupr.]
		[=Equisetum arvense var. boreale forma pseudo-alpestre Vict.]
		[=Equisetum arvense var. boreale forma pseudo-varium Vict.]
		[=Equisetum arvense var. campestre (Schultz) Milde]
		[=Equisetum arvense var. diffusum A.A. Eaton ex Gilbert]
		[=Equisetum arvense $ (var.) nemorosum A. Braun ex Engelm.]
		[=Equisetum arvense var. varium (Milde) Milde]
		[=Equisetum boreale Bong.]
		[=Equisetum calderi B. Boivin]
		[=Equisetum campestre Schultz]
[LN]	Equisetum fluviatile L.
	water horsetail; Fr: prêle fluviatile.  Circumboreal; N thr. Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Equisetum fluviatile forma linnaeanum (Döll) M. Broun]
		[=Equisetum fluviatile var. limosum (L.) Gilbert]
		[=Equisetum limosum L.]
		[=Equisetum limosum forma linnaeanum Döll]
		[=Equisetum limosum var. fluviatile (L.) Newman]
[N]	Equisetum hyemale L. subsp. affine (Engelm.) Calder & Roy L. Taylor
	tall scouring rush; Fr: prêle d’hiver, prêle des tourneurs.  Temp. NA; reported from sw/cNfld.
		[=Equisetum robustum A. Braun ex Engelm. var. affine Engelm.]
		[=Equisetum affine (Engelm.) Rydb.]
		[=Equisetum hyemale forma polystachyum Prager ex Gilbert 1901, non Scoggan 1978] 
		[=Equisetum hyemale var. affine (Engelm.) A.A. Eaton]
		[=Equisetum hyemale var. robustum (A. Braun ex Engelm.) A.A. Eaton]
		[=Equisetum prealtum Raf.]
		[=Equisetum prealtum var. affine (Engelm.) M. Broun]
		[=Equisetum robustum A. Braun ex Engelm.]
		[=Hippochaete hyemalis (L.) Bruhin subsp. affine (Engelm.) W.A. Weber]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Equisetum hyemale subsp. affine was relocated at the mouth of Fischells Brook, swNfld., by the NFRPP in 2000.  Previously, it was known from only one 1910 specimen, collected at Middle Birchy Pond, wNfld.  However, the identity of the 1910 specimen is in doubt, as Hauke (1963) believes the specimen should be referred to the hybrid Equisetum Xtrachyodon (listed here as E. Xmackaii).  The species complex Equisetum hyemale is circumboreal in distribution.  The specific epithet should be spelled 'hyemale' rather than 'hiemale;' likewise, 'prealtum' should be used rather than 'praealtum.']
[LN]	Equisetum Xlitorale Kühlewein ex Rupr. (pro sp.) (arvense x fluviatile)
	shore horsetail; Fr: prêle littorale.  Circumboreal; wNfld., N thr. Lab.
[N]	Equisetum Xmackaii (Newman) Brichan (hyemale x variegatum)
	roughtoothed scouringrush; Fr: prêle de Mackai.  Mainly Great Lakes and Gulf of St. Lawr. area; N to wNfld.
		[=Equisetum hyemale L. $ (var.) mackaii Newman]
		[=Equisetum hyemale subsp. trachyodon A. Braun]
		[=Equisetum Xtrachyodon (A. Braun) W.D.J. Koch (pro. sp.)]
		[=Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex F. Weber & D. Mohr var. jesupii A.A. Eaton ex Gilbert]
		[=Hippochaete Xtrachyodon (A. Braun) Börner]
	[Equisetum Xnelsonii  - see Appendix I]
[LN]	Equisetum palustre L.
	marsh horsetail; Fr: prêle des marais.  Circumboreal; w/cNfld., N to nLab.
		[=Equisetum limosum var. verticillatum Döll]
		[=Equisetum palustre forma filiforme Lacksen]
		[=Equisetum palustre forma verticillatum (Döll) Milde]
		[=Equisetum palustre var. americanum Vict.]
		[=Equisetum palustre var. americanum forma fluitans Vict.]
		[=Equisetum palustre var. americanum forma nigridens (H. St. John) Vict.]
		[=Equisetum palustre var. nigridens H. St. John]
		[=Equisetum palustre var. simplicissimum A. Braun ex Engelm.]
[LN]	Equisetum pratense Ehrh.
meadow horsetail; Fr: prêle des prés. Circumboreal; w/nNfld., N to sLab.
		[=Equisetum pratense forma nanum (Milde) Klinge]
		[=Equisetum pratense var. nanum Milde]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Equisetum pratense is found in calcareous fens.  It's presence in Labrador was recently confirmed at L'Anse au Loup, sLab. (NFRPP 1999: MT).]
[LN]	Equisetum scirpoides Michx.
	dwarf scouring rush; Fr: prêle faux-scirpe. Circumboreal; w/nNfld., N to sLab.
		[=Equisetum hyemale var. tenellum Lilj.]
		[=Equisetum tenellum (Lilj.) A.A. Eaton]
		[=Hippochaete scirpoides (Michx.) Farw.]
[LN]	Equisetum sylvaticum L. 
	woodland horsetail; Fr: prêle des bois.  Circumboreal; N thr. Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Equisetum sylvaticum var. multiramosum (Fernald) Wherry]
		[=Equisetum sylvaticum var. pauciramosum Milde]
		[=Equisetum sylvaticum var. pauciramosum forma multiramosum Fernald]
[LN]	Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex F. Weber & D. Mohr subsp. variegatum
	variegated scouring rush; Fr: prêle panacheé. Circumboreal; w/nw/cNfld.,  N thr. Lab.
		[=Equisetum hyemale subsp. variegatum (Schleich. ex F. Weber & D. Mohr) A. Braun]
		[=Equisetum hyemale var. variegatum (Schleich. ex F. Weber & D. Mohr) Newman]
		[=Hippochaete variegata (Schleich. ex F. Weber & D. Mohr) Bruhin 1868, non Farw. 1916]

Isoëtaceae  Quillwort Family
[N]	Isoëtes acadiensis Kott
	Acadian quillwort; Fr: isoète à Acadie.  nTemp. eNA.; N to eNfld.; aq.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Isoëtes acadiensis is known only from the Salmonier area, central Avalon. It was first discovered in Nfld. by D.M. Britton in 1981 (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Isoëtes echinospora Durieu
	spiny-spored quillwort; Fr: isoète à spores épineuses.  Circumboreal (disj.); thr. Nfld., N to nLab.; aq.
		[=Isoëtes braunii Durieu]
		[=Isoëtes echinospora var. braunii (Durieu) Engelm. in A. Gray]
		[=Isoëtes echinospora var. muricata (Durieu) Engelm. in A. Gray]
		[=Isoëtes muricata Durieu]
		[=Isoëtes tenella Léman]
		[The name Isoëtes braunii is applied only to North American plants.]
[N]	Isoëtes Xharveyi A.A. Eaton (pro. sp.) (lacustris x tuckermanii)
		[This hybrid quillwort is reported from the Nortwest Gander River, Fortune Bay, neNfld. (MT).]
		[=Isoëtes tuckermani A. Braun ex Engelm. var. harveyi (A.A. Eaton) Clute]
		[Labrador reports of Isoëtes Xharveyi are unconfirmed.]

[LN]	Isoëtes lacustris L. 1753, non Pursh 1814
	lake quillwort; Fr: isoète lacustre.  Boreal amphi-Atlantic disjunct; w/s/ne/eNfld., N to nLab.; aq.
		[=Isoëtes heterospora A.A. Eaton]
		[=Isoëtes hieroglyphica A.A. Eaton]
		[=Isoëtes macrospora Durieu]
		[The name Isoëtes macrospora is applied only to North American plants.]
	[Isoëtes riparia  -  see Appendix I]
[N]	Isoëtes tuckermanii A. Braun ex Engelm. in A. Gray
	Tuckerman's quillwort; Fr: isoète de Tuckerman.  nTemp. eNA; N to w/nw/c/eNfld.; aq.
		[=Calamaria tuckermanii (A. Braun ex Engelm.) Kuntze] 
		[Labrador reports of Isoëtes tuckermanii are unvalidated.]

Lycopodiaceae  Clubmoss Family
[LN]	Diphasiastrum alpinum (L.) Holub
alpine clubmoss; Fr: lycopode alpin.  Arctic-alpine circumboreal (disj.); thr. Lab., S to wNfld.; snowbeds.
		[=Lycopodium alpinum L.]
		[=Diphasium alpinum (L.) Rothm.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Diphasiastrum alpinum is known only from snowbeds in Gros Morne NP (Bouchard et al., 1991); it was first reported in Nfld. by Bouchard & Hay (1974).]
[LN]	Diphasiastrum complanatum (L.) Holub
	northern running-pine, groundcedar; Fr: lycopode aplati.  Circumboreal; N thr. Nfld. & Lab.; acid. 
		[=Lycopodium complanatum L.]
		[=Diphasium anceps (Wallr.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Diphasium complanatum (L.) Rothm.]
		[=Diphasium wallrothii H.P. Fuchs]
		[=Lycopodium anceps Wallr.]
		[=Lycopodium complanatum forma canadense (Vict.) A.E. Porsild]
		[=Lycopodium complanatum var. canadense Vict.]
[N]	Diphasiastrum digitatum (Dill. ex A. Braun) Holub
	southern running-pine; Fr: lycopode en éventail.  Temp. eNA; N to eNfld.; acid.
		[=Lycopodium digitatum Dill. ex A. Braun]
		[=Diphasium flabelliforme (Fernald) Rothm.]
		[=Lycopodium complanatum L. var. flabelliforme Fernald]
		[=Lycopodium flabelliforme (Fernald) Blanch.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Diphasiastrum digitatum is known only from exposed barrens on the Avalon Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[L?N]	Diphasiastrum Xsabinifolium (Willd.) Holub (pro. sp.) (sitchense x tristachyum)
savinleaf clubmoss, heath-cypress; Fr: lycopode à feuilles de genévrier.  Boreal eNA; w/ne/eNfld.
		[=Lycopodium sabinifolium Willd.]
		[=Diphasium sabinifolium (Willd.) D. Löve]
		[=Lycopodium complanatum L. var. sabinifolium (Willd.) Farw.]
		[This hybrid clubmoss occurs in Nfld. within the overlapping range of both parents, however, most NF reports refer to Diphasiastrum sitchense. Labrador reports of Diphasiastrum Xsabinifolium require confirmation. The specific epithet should be spelled 'sabinifolium' rather than 'sabinaefolium.']
[LN]	Diphasiastrum sitchense (Rupr.) Holub
	Sitka clubmoss, tufted groundcedar; Fr: lycopode de Sitka.  Boreal NA, eAsia; thr. Nfld. N to nLab.
		[=Lycopodium sitchense Rupr.]
		[=Diphasium sitchense (Rupr.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Lycopodium complanatum L. var. sitchense (Rupr.) Farw.]
		[=Lycopodium sabinifolium Willd. var. sitchense (Rupr.) Fernald]
		[Many provincial reports of Diphasiastrum Xsabinifolium refer to Diphasiastrum sitchense.]

[N]	Diphasiastrum tristachyum (Pursh) Holub
blue groundcedar; Fr: lycopode à trois épis.  sBoreal amphi-Atlantic; N to w/ne/eNfld.
		[=Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh]
		[=Diphasium chamicyparissus (A. Braun ex Döll) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Diphasium tristachyum (Pursh) Rothm.]
		[=Lycopodium chamicyparissus A. Braun ex Döll]
		[=Lycopodium clavatum var. tristachyum (Pursh) Hook.]
		[=Lycopodium complanatum L. subsp. chamicyparissus (A. Braun ex Döll) Nyman]
		[=Lycopodium complanatum var. chamicyparissus (A. Braun ex Döll) D.C. Eaton ex A. Gray]
		[The specific epithet should be spelled 'chamicyparissus' rather than 'chamaecyparissus.']
[N]	Diphasiastrum Xzeilleri (Rouy) Holub  (complanatum X tristachyum)
	Zeiller's hybrid groundcedar; Fr: lycopode de Zeiller.  This hybrid clubmoss is reported from ne/eNfld.
		[=Lycopodium complanatum (no rank) zeilleri Rouy]
		[Diphasiastrum Xzeilleri is reported from Nfld. in Cody & Britton (1989) and Wilce (1965), who cites collections from Tilt Cove, neNfld. and St. John's, eNfld.; a Goose Bay, cLab. report requires a closer look, since one parent, Diphasiastrum tristachyum, is not known from Labrador.]
[LN]	Huperzia appalachiana Beitel & Mickel
Appalachian firmoss; Fr: lycopode des Appalaches.  Alpine eNA, disj. N of Lk. Superior; thr. Nfld. & Lab.; acid.
		[Huperzia appalachiana is a new species, first described in 1992.  It is our more common firmoss and may be confused with Huperzia selago; see FNA 2:22 (1993) or Beitel & Mickel (1992). Many specimens previously identified as H. selago are referred to H. appalachiana or a hybrid of these.]
[N]	Huperzia appalachiana X selago 
		[A Nfld. specimen of this hybrid firmoss was annotated by Beitel.]
[N]	Huperzia Xbuttersii (Abbe) J.T. Kartesz & Gandhi  (lucidula x selago)
		[This hybrid firmoss is occasionally found in the overlapping range of the parent species.]
		[=Lycopodium Xbuttersii Abbe]
[N]	Huperzia lucidula (Michx.) Trevisan
	shining firmoss; Fr: lycopode brillant.  sBoreal eNA; N thr. Nfld.; acid.
		[=Lycopodium lucidulum Michx.]
		[=Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart. subsp. lucidula (Michx.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Lycopodium lucidulum var. occidentale sensu Fernald 1950, non (Clute) L.R.Wilson]
		[=Lycopodium selago (no rank) lucidulum (Michx.) Clute]
		[=Plananthus lucidulus (Michx.) Lawson]
		[Labrador reports of Huperzia lucidula are unvalidated.]
[N]	Huperzia miyoshiana (Makino) Ching
	pacific firmoss; Fr: lycopode de Miyoshi.  Boreal amphi-Beringian; disj. in wNfld.
		[=Lycopodium miyoshianum Makino]
		[=Huperzia chinense (H. Christ) Czern.]
		[=Lycopodium chinense H. Christ]
		[=Lycopodium selago L. subsp. miyoshianum (Makino) Calder & Roy L. Taylor]
		[=Lycopodium selago var. miyoshianum (Makino) Makino]
		[Recently reported from wNfld. (Brunton et al., 1992), Huperzia miyoshiana is considered a candidate for rare species status in Nfld.]
[LN]	Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart.
	northern firmoss, mountain clubmoss; Fr: lycopode sélagine.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; nLab., S thr. Nfld. 
		[=Lycopodium selago L.]
		[=Lycopodium selago var. appressum Desv.]
		[=Lycopodium selago var. densa Trevisan]
		[=Lycopodium selago var. patens sensu Fernald 1950, non (P.Beauv.) Desv.]
		[=Plananthus selago (L.) P.Beauv.]
		[=Urostachys selago (L.) Herter]

[N]	Lycopodiella appressa (Chapman) Cranfill
	southern bog-clubmoss; Fr: lycopode apprimé.  Coastal plain of eNA, Cuba; N to s/c/eNf.; acid.
		[=Lycopodium inundatum L. var. appressum Chapman]
		[=Lycopodium appressum (Chapman) F.E. Lloyd & Underw.]
		[=Lycopodium chapmanii Underw. ex Maxon p.p.]
		[=Lycopodium inundatum var. bigelovii Tuckerman]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Lycopodiella appressa is known from a variety of wetland habitats. The specific epithet should be spelled 'appressa' rather than 'adpressa.']
[LN] 	Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub
northern bog-clubmoss; Fr: lycopode inondé.  Boreal NA (disj.), Europe; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.; acid.
		[=Lycopodium inundatum L.]
		[=Lepidotis inundata (L.) Börner]
	[Lycopodium alpinum  -  see Diphasiastrum alpinum]
[LN]	Lycopodium annotinum L.
	bristly clubmoss; Fr: lycopode innovant.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld. & Lab.; acid.
		[=Lycopodium annotinum subsp. alpestre (Hartm.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Lycopodium annotinum var. acrifolium Fernald]
		[=Lycopodium annotinum var. alpestre Hartm.]
		[=Lycopodium annotinum var. pungens (Bachelot de la Pylaie) Desv.] - nom. inval.: FNA 2:26
		[=Lycopodium pungens Bachelot de la Pylaie] - nom. inval.
	[Lycopodium appressum  -  see Lycopodiella appressa]
[N]	Lycopodium clavatum L.
running clubmoss; Fr: lycopode claviforme.  Circumboreal (disj.), also sHemisphere; thr. Nfld.; acid.
		[=Lepidotis clavata (L.) P.Beauv.]
		[Lycopodium clavatum is replaced in Labrador by its northern counterpart, Lycopodium lagopus.]
	[Lycopodium clavatum var. monostachyon  -  see Lycopodium lagopus]
	[Lycopodium complanatum and var. flabelliforme  -  see Diphasiastrum complanatum and D. digitatum]
[LN]	Lycopodium dendroideum Michx.
prickly tree-clubmoss; Fr: lycopode dendroïde.  Boreal NA, eAsia; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.; acid.
		[=Lepidotis dendroidea (Michx.) P.Beauv.]
		[=Lycopodium obscurum L. var. dendroideum (Michx.) D.C. Eaton ex A. Gray]
		[Though Lycopodium hickeyi is often reported from Nfld. and Labrador, NF vouchers (at MT and NFM) indicate that all specimens are L. dendroideum; which agrees with the distribution in Cody and Britton (1989), but contradicts that in FNA vol 2. (1993).  It is noted that NF specimens in more exposed locations often vary a bit in the direction of L. hickeyi, but are still distinctly L. dendroideum. NF reports of Lycopodium obscurum are referred to Lycopodium dendroideum also.]
	[Lycopodium hickeyi  -  see Lycopodium dendroideum notes and Appendix I]
	[Lycopodium inundatum  -  see Lycopodiella inundata]
[LN]	Lycopodium lagopus (Laest. ex C. Hartm.) G. Zinserl. ex Kuzen.
	onecone clubmoss; Fr: lycopode patte-de-lapin.  Circumboreal; w/eNfld., N thr. Lab.
		[=Lycopodium clavatum L. var. lagopus Laest. ex C. Hartm.]
		[=Lycopodium clavatum var. megastachyon Fernald & Bissell]
		[=Lycopodium clavatum forma monostachyon (Desv.) Clute]
		[=Lycopodium clavatum subsp. monostachyon (Desv.) Selander]
		[=Lycopodium clavatum var. monostachyum Desv. 1827, non Hook. & Grev. 1831]
		[Lycopodium lagopus is largely replaced in Nfld. by its southern counterpart, Lycopodium clavatum, however, a specimen of Lycopodium lagopus, collected by Rouleau in Placentia West, eNfld., 1958, has been verified (MT).  Also, J. Maunder reports a specimen from Grand Bay West, wNfld. (NFM)]
	[Lycopodium lucidulum, incl. var. occidentale  -  see Huperzia lucidula]
	[Lycopodium obscurum  -  see Lycopodium dendroideum notes and Appendix I]
	[Lycopodium sabinifolium  -  see Diphasiastrum Xsabinifolium and Diphasiastrum sitchense notes]
	[Lycopodium selago  -  see Huperzia selago, Huperzia miyoshiana, and Huperzia appalachiana notes]
	[Lycopodium selago var. patens  -  see Huperzia selago]
	[Lycopodium sitchense, Lycopodium tristachyum  -  see Diphasiastrum sitchense and Diphasiastrum tristachyum]

Selaginellaceae   Spikemoss Family
[LN]	Selaginella selaginoides (L.) P.Beauv. ex Mart. & Schrank 1829, non Link 1841
	northern spikemoss; Fr: sélaginelle fausse-sélagine.  Circumboreal (disj.), nwAfrica; N thr. Nfld. to nLab.
		[=Lycopodium selaginoides L.]
		[=Selaginella spinulosa A. Braun]
  
Ferns
Aspleniaceae  Spleenwort Family
[N]	Asplenium trichomanes L. subsp. trichomanes
	maidenhair spleenwort; Fr: doradille chevelue.  Disjunct in Temp. NA, sHemisphere; N to wNfld.; calc, serp.
		[=Athyrium trichomanes (L.) Shafer]
		[=Chamaefilix trichomanes (L.) Farw.]
		[Considered very rare in Nfld., Asplenium trichomanes is known from only two locations in wNfld.,  on serpentine and limestone talus  (Bouchard et al., 1991); ssp. trichomanes is a diploid cytotype (FNA 2: 239).]
[LN]	Asplenium viride Huds.
	green spleenwort; Fr: doradille verte. Circumboreal (disj.); w/n/eNfld., N to sLab; calc.
		[=Asplenium ramosum L.] - nom. rejic., prop.
		[=Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum L.]
		[First verified Labrador report of Asplenium viride: L’Anse-au-Clair, seLab., J.E. Maunder, 1999 (NFM).  See discussion in Zimmer & Greuter (Taxon 43: 303-304) regarding proposal to reject the name A. ramosum in favour of Asplenium viride.]

Dennstaedtiaceae  Hayscented Fern Family
[N]	Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) T. Moore
	hayscented fern; Fr: dennstaedtie à lobules pontués.  Temp. eNA; N to sw/sNfld.; acid.
		[=Nephrodium punctilobulum Michx.]
		[=Dicksonia pilosiuscula Willd.]
		[=Dicksonia punctilobula (Michx.) A. Gray]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Dennstaedtia punctilobula is known from talus slopes and acidic soils in southern and southwestern Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex A. Heller
	eastern bracken; Fr: fougère-aigle de l’Est.  Mainly Temp. eNA (disj. in wNA), Eurasia; N thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Pteris latiuscula Desv.]
		[=Pteridium latiusculum (Desv.) Hieron. ex R.E. Fries]
		[Basionym of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn: Pteris aquilina L.]

Dryopteridaceae  Wood Fern Family
[LN]	Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Rylands ex T.Moore, non Clairv. var. americanum Butters
alpine lady fern; Fr: athyrie alpestre.  Alpine, cordilleran disj.; w/nwNfld., N to cLab.; snowbeds.
		[=Athyrium alpestre subsp. americanum (Butters) Lellinger]
		[=Athyrium alpestre var. gaspense Fernald]
		[=Athyrium americanum (Butters) Maxon]
		[=Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz subsp. americanum (Butters) Hultén]
		[=Athyrium distentifolium var. americanum (Butters) B. Boivin 1966, non Cronquist 1969]
		[Basionym of Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Rylands ex T. Moore: Aspidium alpestre Hoppe.]
		[Athyrium alpestre var. americanum, classified as rare in Nfld., is found in late snowbeds and quartzite slopes in the Long Range Mts. (Bouchard et al., 1991).  There is much confusion about the proper citation of this species. The type of Athyrium alpestre (Flora North America, Vol. 2:256 (1993), is reported to be a specimen of  Athyrium felix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens, making it a nom. illeg.  Kartesz & Gandhi (1995) state that the next available legitimate name is Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz.  Other authors remain unconvinced by this argument and, as the current authors do, follow Kato's treatment in FNA (1993) until the nomenclature question is explored further.  The authority for Athyrium alpestre was listed in FNA (1993) as (Hoppe) Clairville, published in 1917, but Rylands ex T. Moore published this name in 1857, making Clairville's name superfluous.]
[LN]	Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens var. angustum (Willd.) G. Lawson
	northern lady fern; Fr: fougère femelle du Nord.  nTemp.-Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Aspidium angustum Willd.]
		[=Asplenium michauxii Spreng.]
		[=Athyrium angustum (Willd.) C. Presl]
		[=Athyrium angustum var. laurentianum Butters]
		[=Athyrium filix-femina forma elegans (Gilbert) Clute]
		[=Athyrium filix-femina forma laurentianum (Butters) Fernald]
		[=Athyrium filix-femina forma rubellum (Gilbert) Farw.]
		[=Athyrium filix-femina subsp. angustatum (Willd.) R.T. Clausen]
		[=Athyrium filix-femina var. michauxii (Spreng.) Farw.]
		[=Athyrium filix-femina var. rubellum Gilbert]
		[=Athyrium filix-femina var. sitchense sensu Fernald 1950, non (Rupr.) Rupr. ex Moore]
		[Basionym of Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens: Polypodium filix-femina L.  The specific epithet should be spelled 'filix-femina' rather than 'filix-foemina.']
	[Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosorum  -  see Appendix I]
	[Athyrium filix-femina var. sitchense  -  see Athyrium filix-femina var. angustatum]
[N]	Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh.
	bulblet bladder fern; Fr: cystoptère bulbifère.  Temp.-sBoreal eNA; N to w/nwNfld.; calc.
		[=Polypodium bulbiferum L.]
		[=Filix bulbifera (L.) Underw.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Cystopteris bulbifera is known from calcareous habitats in western Nfld. and the Great Northern Peninsula (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.
	fragile fern, brittle bladder fern; Fr: cystoptère fragile.  Circumpolar, worldwide; S thr. Lab. & Nfld.
		[=Polypodium fragile L.]
		[=Cystopteris dickieana Sim]
		[=Cystopteris fragilis subsp. dickieana (Sim) Hyl.]
		[=Cystopteris fragilis var. dickieana (Sim) T. Moore]
		[=Cystopteris fragilis forma angustata (Hoffm.) Clute]
		[=Filix fragilis (L.) Underw.]
		[=Polypodium fragile var. angustatum Hoffm.]
[N]	Cystopteris laurentiana (Weath.) Blasdell
Laurentian fragile fern; Fr: cystoptère laurentienne.  nTemp. eNA, disj. in Great Lks. area; N to w/nNfld.; calc.
		[=Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. var. laurentiana Weath.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Cystopteris laurentiana is known from limestone cliffs in western Nfld., the Great Northern Peninsula, and the Twillingate area (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Cystopteris montana (Lam.) Bernh. ex Desv.
mountain bladder fern; Fr: cystoptère des montagnes.  Boreal cordilleran; disj. in nwNfld., s/w/n Lab.; calc.
		[=Polypodium montanum Lam.]
		[=Filix montana (Lam.) Underw.]
[Classified as historically present in Nfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991), Cystopteris montana is known from a single collection near Savage Cove, nwNfld.; it has not been collected since 1924.  Reports of a recent collection of Cystopteris montana by P.M Brown have not been confirmed.]
[N]	Dryopteris Xboottii (Tuckerman) Underw. (cristata x intermedia)
	Boott's woodfern; Fr: dryoptère de Boott.  sBoreal eCanada; N to w/neNfld.

		[=Aspidium boottii Tuckerman]
[LN]	Dryopteris campyloptera (Kunze) Clarkson
mountain woodfern, spreading shieldfern; Fr: dryoptère arquée. Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Aspidium campylopterum Kunze]
		[=Aspidium spinulosa (O.F. Müll.) Swartz var. americana Fisch. ex Kunze]
		[=Dryopteris austriaca (Jacq.) Woynar ex Schinz & Thell.]
		[=Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray subsp. americana sensu Hultén 1968, p.p.]
		[=Dryopteris dilatata var. americana (Fisch. ex Kunze) Benedict]
		[=Dryopteris spinulosa (O.F. Müll.) Watt. var. americana (Fisch. ex Kunze) Fernald]
		[=Polypodium austriacum Jacq.]
		[Dryopteris campyloptera is an allotetraploid derived from the diploid D. expansa and D. intermedia (FNA 2:287). An unnamed hybrid of D. campyloptera and cristata is reported from Nfld.]
[LN]	Dryopteris carthusiana (Villars) H.P. Fuchs
	spinulose woodfern; Fr: dryoptère spinuleuse.  Circumboreal; thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Polypodium carthusianum Villars]
		[=Aspidium spinulosum (O.F. Müll.) Swartz]
		[=Dryopteris austriaca (Jacq.) Woynar ex Schinz & Thell. var. spinulosa (O.F. Müll.) Fiori]
		[=Dryopteris spinulosa (O.F. Müll.) Watt 1867, non Kuntze 1891]
		[=Polypodium spinulosum O.F. Müll. in Oeder]
		[=Thelypteris spinulosa (O.F. Müll.) Nieuwl.]  
		[Dryopteris carthusiana is an allotetraploid derived from the diploid D. intermedia and an unknown diploid ancestral species (FNA 2:287).]
[N]	Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray
	crested woodfern; Fr: dryoptère à crêtes.  sBoreal, alpine NA, Europe; thr. Nfld.
		[=Polypodium cristatum L.]
		[=Aspidium cristatum (L.) Swartz]
		[=Polystichum cristatum (L.) Roth]
		[=Thelypteris cristata (L.) Nieuwl.]
		[Dryopteris cristata is an allotetraploid believed to be derived from the diploid D. ludoviciana of seUS and an unknown diploid ancestral species (FNA 2:286).]
	[Dryopteris dilatata  -  see Dryopteris expansa]
[Dryopteris disjuncta  -  see Gymnocarpium dryopteris and Gymnocarpium disjunctum]
[LN]	Dryopteris expansa (C. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy
	northern woodfern; Fr: dryoptère dressée.  Boreal cordilleran disj., Europe; nwNfld., N thru Lab.
		[=Nephrodium expansum C. Presl]
		[=Dryopteris assimilis S. Walker]
		[=Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray, p.p.]
		[=Dryopteris dilatata subsp. americana sensu Hultén 1968, p.p.]
		[=Dryopteris spinulosa (O.F. Müll.) Watt var. dilatata (Hoffm.) Lawson]
		[=Polypodium dilatatum auct. non Hoffm.]
		[Dryopteris expansa, known only from the St. Anthony area (Britton 1976), is considered a candidate for rare species status in Nfld. This diploid is one of the parent species of Dryopteris campyloptera (FNA 2:287).]
[N]	Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott
	male fern; Fr: fougère mâle.  Boreal cordilleran-Great Lakes disj., Eurasia; disj. in w/nNfld.; often calc.
		[=Polypodium filix-mas L.]
		[=Aspidium filix-mas (L.) Swartz]
		[=Dryopteris filix-mas forma incisa (T. Moore) Hayek]
		[=Lastrea filix-mas (L.) C. Presl]
		[=Lastrea filix-mas  var. incisa T. Moore]
		[=Thelypteris filix-mas (L.) Nieuwl.]
[LN]	Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott
	fragrant woodfern; Fr: dryoptère odorante.  Circumpolar (disj.); thr. Lab., S to w/c/neNfld.; often calc.

		[=Polypodium fragrans L.]
		[=Aspidium fragrans (L.) Swartz]
		[=Dryopteris fragrans var. remotiuscula Komarov]
		[=Thelypteris fragrans (L.) Nieuwl. var. hookeriana Fernald]
[N]	Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray
	evergreen woodfern; Fr: dryoptère intermédiaire.  Temp.-sBoreal eNA; thr. Nfld.
		[=Aspidium intermedium Muhl. ex Willd.]
		[=Aspidium spinulosum (O.F. Müll.) Swartz var. intermedium (Muhl. ex Willd.) D.C. Eaton]
		[=Dryopteris austriaca (Jacq.) Woyn. ex Schinz &Thell. var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) C.V. Morton]
		[=Dryopteris spinulosa (O.F. Müll.) Watt var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Underw.]
		[Dryopteris intermedia is diploid and one of the parent species of allotetraploids D. campyloptera and D. carthusiana (FNA 2:287).]
[N]	Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray
	marginal woodfern; Fr: dryoptère à sores marginaux.  Temp. eNA; N to w/nwNfld.
		[=Polypodium marginale L.]
		[=Aspidium marginale (L.) Swartz]
		[Considered very rare in Nfld., Dryopteris marginalis is known from one clearing in birch forests on rocky talus, wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Dryopteris noveboracensis, Dryopteris palustris  -  see Thelypteris (Thelypteridaceae)]
	[Dryopteris phegopteris  -  see Phegopteris connectilis (Thelypteridaceae)]
	[Dryopteris robertiana  -  see Gymnocarpium robertianum]
	[Dryopteris spinulosa (typical)  -  see Dryopteris carthusiana]
	[Dryopteris spinulosa var. americana  -  see Dryopteris campyloptera]
	[Dryopteris spinulosa var. intermedia  -  see Dryopteris intermedia]
	[Dryopteris Xtriploidea - see Appendix I]
[N]	Dryopteris Xuliginosa (A. Braun ex Döll) Kuntze ex Druce (carthusiana x cristata)
		[This hybrid woodfern is reported as rare in boreal eNA (Cody & Britton, 1989); neNfld.]
		[=Aspidium spinulosum (O.F. Müll.) Swartz n.var. uliginosum A. Braun ex Döll]
		[=Aspidium spinulosum n.subsp. tauschii „elak]
		[=Dryopteris Xlaschii E. Walter]
		[A recent Nfld. report of Dryopteris Xuliginosa is from TNNP, Brouillet & Charest. (MT), 1998.]
	[Gymnocarpium disjunctum  -  see Gymnocarpium dryopteris notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman
	common oak fern; Fr: gymnocarpe du chêne.  Circumboreal (disj. in Eurasia); N thr. Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Polypodium dryopteris L.]
		[=Carpogymnia dryopteris (L.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Currania dryopteris (L.) Wherry]
		[=Dryopteris disjuncta sensu Fernald 1950, auct. non (Rupr.) C.V. Morton]
		[=Dryopteris dryopteris (L.) H. Christ 1909, non Britton 1913]
		[=Dryopteris linnaeana C. Christensen]
		[=Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée]
		[=Thelypteris dryopteris (L.) Sloss. in Rydb.]
		[Gymnocarpium dryopteris is a fertile allotetraploid that arose following hybridization between Gymnocarpium appalachianum and Gymnocarpium disjunctum (FNA 2:260).  NF reports of the amphi-Beringian Gymnocarpium disjunctum are referred to Gymnocarpium dryopteris.]
[N]	Gymnocarpium robertianum (Hoffm.) Newman
	limestone oak fern; Fr: gymnocarpe de Robert.  sBoreal eNA, Eurasia (disj.); N to w/nNfld.; calc. 
		[=Polypodium robertianum Hoffm.]
		[=Carpogymnia robertiana (Hoffm.) Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Currania robertiana (Hoffm.) Wherry]
		[=Dryopteris robertiana (Hoffm.) C. Christensen]
		[=Phegopteris calcarea (Smith) Fée]
		[=Phegopteris robertiana (Hoffm.) Fée 1852, non A. Braun ex Asch. 1859]
		[=Polypodium calcareum Smith]
		[=Thelypteris robertiana (Hoffm.) Sloss. in Rydb.]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Gymnocarpium robertianum is known from talus slopes and ledges of limestone cliffs (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro var. pensylvanica (Willd.) C.V. Morton
	ostrich fern; Fr: fougère à l’autruche, matteucie.  sBoreal NA; N to w/nw/sNfld.
		[=Struthiopteris pensylvanica Willd.]
		[=Matteuccia pensylvanica (Willd.) Raymond]
		[=Onoclea nodulosa auct. non Michx.]
		[=Pteretis nodulosa auct. non (Michx.) Nieuwl.]
		[=Pteretis pensylvanica (Willd.) Fernald]
		[=Pteretis struthiopteris (L.) Nieuwl. var. pensylvanica (Willd.) Farw.]
		[Basionym of Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro: Osmunda struthiopteris L.]
		[A. Smith (FNA 2:250) states that the name Pteretis nodulosa has been misapplied to this species.]
[LN]	Onoclea sensibilis L.
	sensitive fern; Fr: onoclée sensible.  Temp-Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to w/cLab.
		[=Calypterium sensibile (L.) Bernh.]
	[Oreopteris limbosperma  -  see Thelypteris quelpaertensis (Thelypteridaceae)]
[L?N]	Polystichum braunii (Spenner) Fée
	Braun's hollyfern; Fr: polystic de Braun.  Boreal w/eNA (disj.), Eurasia; w/n/sNfld., disj. in ?wLab.
		[=Aspidium braunii Spenner]
		[=Aspidium aculeatum (L.) Swartz var. braunii (Spenner) Döll.]
		[=Dryopteris aculeata (L.) Kuntze var. braunii (Spenner) Underw.]
		[=Dryopteris braunii (Spenner) Underw. in Britton & Brown]
		[=Polystichum braunii subsp. purshii (Fernald) Calder & Roy L. Taylor]
		[=Polystichum braunii var. purshii Fernald]
		[Cody & Britton (1989) show one distribution dot in wLab. for Polystichum braunii.]
[N]	Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth
hollyfern; Fr: polystic en lance, polystic faux-lonchitis.  Circumboreal (disj.); w/nNfld.; calc.
		[=Polypodium lonchitis L.]
		[=Aspidium lonchitis (L.) Swartz]
[N]	Polystichum scopulinum (D.C. Eaton) Maxon
	crag hollyfern, rock swordfern; Fr: polystic des rochers.   Mainly cordilleran NA, disj. in eCanada; wNfld.; serp.
		[=Aspidium aculeatum (L.) Swartz var. scopulinum D.C. Eaton]
		[=Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth var. scopulinum (D.C. Eaton) M.E. Jones]
		[=Polystichum mohrioides (Bory) C. Presl var. scopulinum (D.C. Eaton) Fernald]
		[Classified as historically present in Nfld., Polystichum scopulinum is known from only one serpentine site in wNfld.; it was last located in 1950 (Bouchard et al.,1991).]
	[Pteretis pensylvanica  -  see Matteuccia strutiopteris var. pensylvanica]
[LN]	Woodsia alpina (Bolton) S.F. Gray
alpine cliffbrake, northern woodsia; Fr: woodsie alpine.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; thr. Lab., w/n/Nfld.; calc.
		[=Acrostichum alpinum Bolton]
		[=Woodsia alpina var. bellii Lawson]
		[=Woodsia bellii (Lawson) A.E. Porsild]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Woodsia alpina is found on limestone cliffs (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Woodsia glabella R.Br. ex Richardson in Franklin
	smooth cliffbrake; Fr: woodsie glabre.  Arctic-alpine circumpolar; thr. Lab., S to w/nNfld.; calc.
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Woodsia glabella is found in similar limestone cliff habitats as Woodsia alpina, but its range is slightly more widespread (Bouchard et al. 1991).]
[LN]	Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R.Br.
rusty cliff brake, rusty woodsia; Fr: woodsie de l’île d’Elbe.  Circumboreal (disj.); thr. Nfld. & Lab.; acid.
		[=Acrostichum ilvense L.]

Ophioglossaceae  Adder's-Tongue Family
	Botrychium lanceolatum (S.G. Gmel.) Ångström
[N]	   subsp. angustisegmentum (Pease & A.H. Moore) R.T. Clausen
	   narrow triangle moonwort; Fr: botryche à segments étroits.  Mainly sBoreal eNA, disj. in nwNA; N to wNfld.
		[=Botrychium lanceolatum var. angustisegmentum Pease & A.H. Moore]
		[=Botrychium angustisegmentum (Pease & A.H. Moore) Fernald]
[LN]	   subsp. lanceolatum
	   lanceleaf grapefern; Fr: botryche lancéolé.  Boreal NA (disj.), Eurasia; nNfld., N to nLab., mainly coastal.
		[=Osmunda lanceolata S.G. Gmel.]
		[=Botrychium lunaria (L.) Swartz var. lanceolatum (S.G. Gmel.) Rupr.]
		[=Botrychium matricariifolium Fries (1846), non (Döll.) W.D.J. Koch]
		[Both subspecies of Botrychium lanceolatum are classified as historically present in Nfld. in Bouchard et al. (1991).  Botrychium lanceolatum subsp. angustisegmentum, known from southwest and western Nfld., was last located in 1939, but subsp. lanceolatum was recently located on Great Sacred Island in L'Anse-aux-Meadows NHP (Hay et al., 1992).]
[LN]	Botrychium lunaria (L.) Swartz
	common moonwort; Fr: botryche lunaire.  Circumboreal, also sHemisphere; w/n/eNfld., N thr. Lab.
		[=Osmunda lunaria L.]
		[=Botrychium lunaria forma gracile (Schur) Asch. & Graebn.]
		[=Botrychium onongadense Underw.]
[LN]	Botrychium matricariifolium (Döll) A. Braun ex W.D.J. Koch
matricary moonwort; Fr: botryche à feuille de matricaire.  Boreal NA & Europe (mainly amphi-Atlantic); w/nw/s/eNfld., N to wLab.
		[=Botrychium lunaria (L.) Swartz var. matricariifolium Döll, 1843]
		[=Botrychium neglectum Wood]
		[=Osmunda lunaria L. var. matricariifolia. Retz., 1779]
		[=Osmunda ramosa Roth]
		[The first verified Labrador report of Botrychium matricariifolium is from Churchill Falls cataract., collected by J.E. Maunder, 1997 (NFM). The specific epithet should be spelled 'matricariifolium' rather than 'matricariaefolium.']
[LN]	Botrychium minganense Vict.
	Mingan moonwort; Fr: botryche de Mingan.  Boreal NA; w/nw/sNfld. N to nLab.
		[=Botrychium lunaria (L.) Swartz forma minganense (Vict.) Clute]
		[=Botrychium lunaria var. minganense (Vict.) Dole]
		[FNA (2:98) give the northern limit of this species as nLab., Cody and Britton (1989) indicate sLab.]
[LN]	Botrychium multifidum (S.G. Gmel.) Rupr.
	leathery grapefern; Fr: botryche à feuille couchée.  Circumboreal (disj. in Eurasia); w/s/ne/eNfld., N to cLab.
		[=Osmunda multifida S.G. Gmel.]
		[=Botrychium matricariae (Schrank) Spreng.]
		[=Botrychium matricarioides Willd.]
		[=Botrychium multifidum var. intermedium (D.C. Eaton) Farw.]
		[=Botrychium multifidum var. silaifolium (C. Presl) M. Broun]
		[=Botrychium silaifolium C. Presl]
		[=Botrychium ternatum (Thunb.) Swartz subvar. intermedium D.C. Eaton]
		[=Osmunda matricariae Schrank]
[N]	Botrychium simplex E. Hitchc. in Siliman
	least moonwort; Fr: botryche simple.  nTemp NA (disj.), Europe; N to w/c/neNfld.
		[=Botrychium lunaria (L.) Swartz var. simplex (E. Hitchc.) Watt]
		[=Botrychium simplex var. tenebrosum (A.A. Eaton) R.T. Clausen]
		[=Botrychium tenebrosum A.A. Eaton]
		[=Botrychium virginianum (L.) Swartz var. simplex (E. Hitchc.) A. Gray]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Botrychium simplex is known from turfy slopes and rocky ledges (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[LN]	Botrychium virginianum (L.) Swartz
rattlesnake fern; Fr: botryche de Virginie.  Temp.-Boreal NA, SA, Eurasia; w/nwNfld., N to cLab..
		[=Osmunda virginiana L.]
		[=Botrychium virginianum var. europaeum Ångström]
		[=Botrychium virginianum var. laurentianum Butters]
		[=Botrypus virginianus (L.) Michx. 1803, non Holub 1973]

Osmundaceae  Flowering Fern Family
[LN]	Osmunda cinnamomea L.
	cinnamon fern; Fr: osmonde cannelle.  Boreal eNA S to Trop. Amer., eAsia; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Osmunda cinnamomea forma angusta Clute]
		[=Osmunda cinnamomea forma frondosa (Torr. & Gray) Britton]
		[=Osmunda cinnamomea var. frondosa Torr. & Gray]
[LN]	Osmunda claytoniana L.
	interrupted fern; Fr: osmonde de Clayton.  Temp. eNA, Asia; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Osmunda interrupta Michx.]
[N]	Osmunda regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray
	royal fern; Fr: osmonde royale.  Temp. eNA; N thr. Nfld.
		[=Osmunda spectabilis Willd.]
		[=Osmunda regalis forma anomala (Farw.) Harris]
		[=Osmunda regalis forma nana Fernald]
		[=Osmunda regalis subvar. anomala Farw.]
		[=Osmunda regalis var. pumila sensu Fernald 1911]
		[The species complex Osmunda regalis is circumboreal in distribution.]

Polypodiaceae  Polypody Family
[N]	Polypodium appalachianum Haufler & Windham
	Appalachian polypody; Fr: polypode des Appalaches.  Temp. eNA (Appalachian region); N to sNfld.
		[Polypodium appalachianum is a newly recognized (diploid) species, which traditionally has been identified as Polypodium virginianum (FNA 2:321).]
[LN]	Polypodium virginianum L.
rock polypody; Fr: polypode de Virginie, tripe-de-roche.  Temp.-Boreal NA, eAsia; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Polypodium vinlandicum Á. & D. Löve]
		[=Polypodium vulgare L. subsp. virginianum (L.) D.C. Eaton]
		[=Polypodium vulgare var. americanum Hook.]
		[Polypodium virginianum is an allotetraploid probably derived from the diploid P. appalachianum and P. sibiricum (FNA 2:322).]

Pteridaceae  Maidenhair Fern Family
[N]	Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris
	Aleutian maidenhair fern; Fr: adiante des Aléoutiennes.  Cordilleran disj.; N to w/n/cNfld.; serp.
		[=Adiantum pedatum L. var. aleuticum Rupr.]
		[=Adiantum pedatum subsp. calderi Cody]
		[=Adiantum pedatum subsp. aleuticum (Rupr.) Calder & Roy L. Taylor]
		[Nfld. reports of Adiantum pedatum refer to Adiantum aleuticum.]
	[Adiantum pedatum  -  see Adiantum aleuticum notes, Appendix I]
	[Cryptogramma crispa  -  see Appendix I, Cryptogramma acrostichoides]
[N]	Cryptogramma stelleri (S.G. Gmel.) Prantl in Engl.
Steller's rockbrake; Fr: cryptogramme de Steller.  Boreal NA (disj.), Asia; N to w/nw/eNfld.; calc.
		[=Pteris stelleri  S.G. Gmel.]
		[=Allosorus stelleri (S.G. Gmel.) Rupr.]

		[=Pellaea stelleri (S.G. Gmel.) Watt]
		[sLabrador reports of Cryptogramma stelleri probably refer to the Côte-Nord, eQue.  Although Cody & Britton (1989) show a disj. distribution in wLab., this is not included in FNA 2:138 (1993).]

Schizaeaceae  Curly Grass Family
[N]	Schizaea pusilla Pursh
	curlygrass fern, Fr: schizée naine. Coastal plain of neNA; N thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Microschizaea pusilla (Pursh) Reed]
		[=Schizaea filifolia Bachelot de la Pylaie]

Thelypteridaceae  Marsh Fern Family
[LN]	Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt
	long beech fern; Fr: phégoptère du hêtre.  Circumboreal; N thr. Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Polypodium connectile Michx.]
		[=Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) C. Christensen]
		[=Phegopteris phegopteris (L.) Keyserl. 1873, non Underw. 1893] - illeg. tautonym
		[=Phegopteris polypodioides Fée]
		[=Polypodium phegopteris L.]
		[=Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Sloss. in Rydb.]
	[Thelypteris limbosperma  - see Thelypteris quelpaertensis]
[N]	Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl.
	New York fern; Fr: thélyptère de New York.  Temp. eNA; thr. Nfld. (except c).
		[=Polypodium noveboracense L.]
		[=Dryopteris noveboracensis (L.) A. Gray]
		[=Parathelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Ching]
		[=Thelypteris thelypteroides (Michx.) Holub, non sensu Rouleau, 1978]
[N]	Thelypteris palustris Schott var. pubescens (Lawson) Fernald
	marsh fern; Fr: thélyptère des marais.  Temp.-sBoreal eNA; N thr. Nfld.
		[=Lastrea thelypteris (L.) Bory $ (var.) pubescens Lawson]
		[=Dryopteris thelypteris (L.) A. Gray var. pubescens (Lawson) A.R. Prince ex Weatherby]
		[=Thelypteris thelypteridoides sensu Rouleau, 1968, non (Michx.) Holub]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens is known from fens and alder thickets (Bouchard et al., 1991).  Rouleau (1968) lists this species as Thelypteris thelypteridioides (Michx.) Holub., but A. Smith (FNA 1993) explains that, although this name is applied to Thelypteris palustris, Tryon et al. (1980) have shown that this application was based on an incorrect typification by C.V. Morton (1967) FNA 2:213 (1993).  FNA lists it as a synonym of Thelypteris noveboracensis. Thelypteris palustris var. palustris occurs in Eurasia.]
[N]	Thelypteris quelpaertensis (H. Christ) Ching
	mountain fern; Fr: thélyptère de Quelpart.  Amphi-Beringian; disj. in wNfld.
		[=Dryopteris quelpaertensis H. Christ in Léveillé]
		[=Dryopteris limbosperma auct. non (Bell. ex All.) Becherer]
		[=Dryopteris oreopteris auct. non (Ehrh.) Maxon]
		[=Oreopteris limbosperma auct. non (Bell. ex All.) Holub]
		[=Oreopteris quelpaertensis (H. Christ) Holub]
		[=Polypodium limbosperma auct. non Bell. ex All.]
		[=Thelypteris limbosperma auct. non (Bell. ex All.) H.P. Fuchs]
		[Classified as rare in Nfld., Thelypteris quelpaertensis is known from wet alpine slopes in Gros Morne NP, wNfld. (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
	[Thelypteris thelypteridioides  - see Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens, Thelypteris noveboracensis]

Gymnosperms (Conifers)

Cupressaceae  Cypress Family
	Juniperus communis L.
[LN]	     var. depressa Pursh
	     common juniper; Fr: genévrier commun. Boreal NA; thr. Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Juniperus canadensis Lodd. ex Burgsd.]
		[=Juniperus communis subsp. depressa (Pursh) Franco]
		[=Juniperus communis subsp. nana sensu Hultén 1968, p.p.]
		[=Juniperus communis var. montana sensu Fernald 1933, non Aiton]
		[=Juniperus depressa (Pursh) Raf.]
		[NF reports of Juniperus communis var. saxatilis Pallas are referred to Juniperus communis var. depressa.  FNA (2:415) describes a wNA, Greenland, & Eurasian distribution for Juniperus communis var. montana, although Hultén (1968) shows a distribution (as J. communis subsp. nana) throughout boreal NA. The species complex Juniperus communis is circumboreal in distribution.]
[N]	     var. megistocarpa Fernald & H. St. John
	     Boreal eCanada; wNfld.; serp., calc.
	[Juniperus communis var. montana  - see Juniperus communis var. depressa notes and Appendix I]
[LN]	Juniperus horizontalis Moench
	creeping juniper; Fr: genévrier horizontal, savinier.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Juniperus horizontalis forma alpina (Loudon) Rehder]
		[=Juniperus hudsonica Forbes]
		[=Juniperus sabina Michx., non L., var. alpina Loudon]
		[=Sabina horizontalis (Moench) Rydb.]
	[Thuja occidentalis  -  see Appendix II]

Pinaceae  Pine Family
[LN]	Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.
	balsam fir, "var" (NF); Fr: sapin baumier.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld., N to nLab.
		[=Pinus balsamea L.]
		[=Abies balsamea forma hudsonia (Jacques) Fernald & Weath.]
		[=Abies balsamea var. phanerolepis Fernald]
		[=Abies hudsonia Jacques]
	[Larix decidua  -  see Appendix II]
	[Larix kaempferi  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Larix laricina (DuRoi) K.Koch
	larch, tamarack, "juniper" (NF); Fr: mélèze laricin.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Pinus laricina DuRoi]
		[=Larix americana Michx.]
		[=Larix laricina forma depressa J. Rousseau]
		[=Pinus pendula Aiton]
[LN]	Picea glauca (Moench) E.G. Voss
	white spruce, cat spruce; Fr: épinette blanche.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Pinus glauca Moench]
		[=Abies canadensis Mill.]
		[=Picea alba (Aiton) Link]
		[=Picea canadensis (Mill.) B.S.P.]
		[=Picea canadensis forma parva Vict.]
		[=Picea glauca forma parva (Vict.) Fernald & Weath.]
		[=Pinus alba Aiton]
[LN]	Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.
	black spruce; Fr: épinette noire.  Boreal NA; thr. Nfld. & Lab.
		[=Abies mariana Mill.]
		[=Picea brevifolia Peck]
		[=Picea brevifolia var. semiprostrata Peck]
		[=Picea mariana forma semiprostrata (Peck) S.F. Blake]
		[=Picea mariana var. semiprostrata (Peck) Teeri]
		[=Picea nigra (Aiton) Link]
		[=Picea nigra var. mariana (Mill.) Beissn.]
		[=Pinus nigra Aiton]
[N]	Picea rubens Sargent
	red spruce; Fr: épinette rouge.  nTemp. eNA; restricted in Nfld. to a small region on the south coast.
		[=Picea australis Small]
		[=Picea nigra (Aiton) Link var. rubra (DuRoi) Engelm.]
		[=Pinus mariana (no rank) rubra DuRoi]
		[=Pinus rubra (DuRoi) Link., non A. Dietr.]
		[Abandoned plantations of Picea rubens exist on the south coast of Nfld.; also, MT has a collection of P. rubens from a presumably native population in the Bay d’Espoir Ecoregion, annotated by S.G.Hay.]
[LNc] 	Pinus banksiana Lambert
	Jack pine, Labrador pine; Fr: pin gris.  Boreal eNA;  disj. in wLab.
		[=Pinus divaricata (Aiton) Sudworth]
		[=Pinus sylvestris L. * (var.) divaricata Aiton]
		[Pinus banksiana is known from one native site in western Labrador, but is introduced in insular Nfld.]
[N]	Pinus resinosa Aiton
	red pine, Norway pine; Fr: pin rouge.  Boreal eNA; N to c/neNfld.
		[Considered rare in Nfld., Pinus resinosa is known from central Nfld. and the northeast coast (Bouchard et al., 1991).]
[N]	Pinus strobus L.
	eastern white pine; Fr: pin blanc.  nTemp-sBoreal eNA, Mexico, CA; N thr. Nfld. (except nw).
		[=Pinus strobus forma prostrata (Masters) Fernald & Weath.] - serp. form
		[=Pinus strobus var. prostrata Masters]
		[=Strobus strobus (L.) Small]
	[Pinus sylvestris  -  see Appendix II]
	[Pseudotsuga menziesii  -  see Appendix II]

Taxaceae  Yew Family
	[Taxus baccata  -  see Appendix II]
[LN]	Taxus canadensis Marshall
	Canada yew, ground hemlock; Fr: if du Canada.  nTemp.-Boreal eNA; thr. Nfld., N to cLab.
		[=Taxus baccata L. subsp. canadensis (Marshall) Pilg.]
		[=Taxus baccata var. minor Michx.]
		[=Taxus procumbens Lodd.]