Appendix II

Cultivated Species Excluded from the Provincial Flora

This appendix of excluded species includes cultivated species that were previously reported from Nfld. and/or Labrador.  These species may have persisted from deliberate plantings, but have not spread or naturalized, and as such, are not considered part of the provincial flora.  Also included are ephemeral species associated with horticultural plants.

Gymnosperms

Cupressaceae  Cypress Family
[N] c	[Thuja occidentalis L.]
	eastern white cedar; Fr: thuier cèdre, thuya occidental.  Boreal eNA.

Pinaceae  Pine Family
[LN] c	[Larix decidua Mill.]
	European larch; Fr: mélèze d’Europe.  European.
		[=Pinus larix L.]
		[European larch has been planted as a plantation crop in Nfld..]
[LN] c	[Larix kaempferi (Lambert) Carrière]
	Japanese larch; Fr: mélèze du Japon.  Japanese.
		[=Pinus kaempferi Lambert]
		[=Larix japonica Carrière]
		[=Larix leptolepis (Siebold & Zucc.) Siebold ex Gordon]
		[=Larix orientalis Thunb.]
		[Japanese larch has been planted as a plantation crop in Nfld., but has proved not to be frost-hardy in some locations.]
[N] c	[Pinus sylvestris L.]
	Scots pine; Fr: pin sylvestre.  Eurasian.
[N] c	[Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco]
	Douglas fir; Fr: sapin de Douglas.  Boreal wNA.
		[=Abies menziesii Mirbel]
		[=Pinus taxifolia Lambert]
		[=Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lambert) Britton]

Taxaceae  Yew Family
[N] c	[Taxus baccata L.]
 	English yew; Fr: if commun.  European.
  
Angiosperms
  
Eudicots
  
Aceraceae - see Sapindaceae

Adoxaceae Viburnum Family  (formerly included in the Caprifoliaceae)
[N] c	[Sambucus nigra L. subsp. nigra]
	European elder, black elderberry; Fr: sureau noir.  Eurasian.
[N] c	[Viburnum opulus L. var. opulus]
	snowball bush, guelder rose; Fr: viorne obier.  Eurasian.

Apiaceae  Parsley Family  (excluding Hydrocotyle)
[N] c	[Coriandrum sativum L.]
	coriander; Fr: coriandre cultivée.  European.
[N] c	[Foeniculum vulgare Mill.]
	sweet fennel; Fr: fenouil commun.  European.
		[=Anethum foeniculum L.]
		[=Foeniculum foeniculum (L.) H. Karst.] - illeg. tautonym
[N] c	[Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop.]
	Myrrh; Fr: myrrhe.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Scandix odorata L.]
[N] c	[Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill]
	garden parsley; Fr: persil commun.  European.
		[=Apium crispum Mill.]
		[=Apium petroselinum L.]

Apocynaceae  Dogbane Family
[N] c	[Vinca minor L.]
	periwinkle; Fr: pervenche mineure.  European; intr. in eNfld.

Asteraceae  Daisy Family
[N] c	[Artemisia abrotanum L.]
	southernwood, lad's love; Fr: aurone mâle.  European; intr. in Nfld.
[N] c	[Calendula officinalis L.]
	pot marigold; Fr: souci des jardins, souci officinale.  European; intr. in Nfld.
[N] c	[Doronicum orientale Hoffm.]
	Leopard's bane; Fr: doronic du Caucase.  European.
		[=Doronicum caucasicum M.Bieb.]
		[=Doronicum cordatum (Wulfén) Sch. Bip.]
[N] c	[Lactuca sativa L.]
	garden lettuce; Fr: laitue cultivée.  Asiatic; intr. in eNfld.
[N] c	[Osteospermum sinuatum (DC.) Norl.]
	African daisy, blue-eyed Cape marigold; Fr: marguerite d’Afrique.  S. African.
		[=Dimorphotheca sinuata DC.]
		[=Dimorphotheca aurantiaca Hort. non DC.]

Berberidaceae  Barberry Family
[N] c	[Berberis aquifolium Pursh]
	Oregon grape; Fr: mahonia à feuilles de houx.  Temp. wNA.
		[=Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.]
[N] c	[Berberis vulgaris L.]
	common barberry; Fr: épine-vinette commune.  European.

Betulaceae  Birch Family
[N] c	[Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.]
	black alder, European alder; Fr: aulne glutineux.  European; intr. in wNfld.
		[=Betula alnus L. var. glutinosa L.]
		[=Alnus alnus (L.) Britton]
		[=Alnus vulgaris Hill] - nom. illeg.
		[Alnus glutinosa was collected by Waghorne in 1876 (GH) at Birchy Cove (now Corner Brook); it has not been collected in Nfld. since.  Lab. reports by Schrank, 1818, are probably based on Alnus rugosa var. americana (Scoggan 1978:588).]
[N] c	[Betula pendula Roth]
	weeping birch, silver birch; Fr: bouleau verruqueux.  Eurasian.
		[=Betula verrucosa Ehrh.]
[N] c	[Betula pubescens Ehrh.]
	downy birch, European white birch.  Fr: bouleau pubescent.  European.
		[=Betula alba L. var. pubescens (Ehrh.) Spach]

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Mustard Family
[N] c	[Arabis alpina L. subsp. caucasica (Willd.) Briq.]
	wall rockcress; Fr: arabette du Caucase.  Eurasian.
		[=Arabis caucasica Willd.]
		[=Arabis albida Steven in Fisch.]
[LN] c	[Brassica oleracea L.]
	cabbage; Fr: chou potager.  European.
[N] c	[Raphanus sativus L.]
	garden radish; Fr: radis cultivé.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Raphanus raphanistrum var. sativus (L.) Beck]

Cannabaceae Hemp Family
[N] c	[Cannabis sativa L]
	hemp, marijuana; Fr: chanvre cultivé.  Asiatic; occasionally cultivated illegally.
[N] c	[Humulus lupulus L. var. lupulus]
	common hops; Fr: houblon commun.  European; intr. in sw/eNfld.
		[NF specimens of Humulus lupulus have not been checked for varietal status.]

Caprifoliaceae  Honeysuckle Family  (excluding Adoxaceae)
[LN] c	[Lonicera periclymenum L.]
	European honeysuckle; Fr: chèvrefeuille des bois.  European; intr. in eNfld.

Caryophyllaceae  Pink Family
[N] c	[Cerastium tomentosum L.]
 	snow-in-summer; Fr: céraiste tomenteux.  European.
[L] c	[Gypsophila elegans M.Bieb.]
	showy baby’s breath; Fr: gypsophile élégante.  Eurasian; intr. in cLab. (Goose Bay).
[N] c	[Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr. in Lam.]
	rose campion; Fr: coquelourde des jardins.  European.
		[=Agrostemma coronaria L.]
[N] c	[Silene armeria L.]
	Sweet William catchfly, not-so-pretty; Fr: silène arméria.  European; intr. in wNfld.
		[Waghorne, 1898, collected Silene armeria from 'near gardens at Deer Lake,' wNfld. (Scoggan 1978).]

Crassulaceae  Stonecrop Family
[N] c	[Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H. Ohba]
	liveforever; Fr: orpin pourpre.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Anacampseros triphyllum Haw.]
		[=Sedum purpureum (L.) J.A. Schultes]
		[=Sedum telephium L.]
		[=Sedum telephinum var. purpureum L.]
		[=Sedum triphyllum (Haw.) S.F. Gray] 
[N] c	[Sedum alboroseum Baker]
	garden stonecrop; Fr: orpin des jardins.  Eurasian.
Fabaceae  Pea Family
[N] c	[Lathyrus odoratus L.]
	sweetpea; Fr: gesse odorante.  European; intr. in eNfld.
[N] c	[Lens culinaris Medik.]
	lentil; Fr: lentille cultivée.  Eurasian.
		[=Ervum lens L.]
		[=Lens esculenta Moench]
[N] c	[Pisum sativum L.]
	garden pea; Fr: pois potager.  Eurasian.
[N] c	[Vicia faba L.]
	broadbean, horsebean; Fr: gourgane, féverolle.  European.

Fagaceae  Beech Family
[N] c	[Fagus sylvatica L.]
	European beech, copper beech; Fr: hêtre commun, hêtre d’Europe.  European.
[N] c	[Quercus robur L.]
	English oak, pedunculate oak; Fr: chêne pédonculé.  European.

Geraniaceae  Geranium Family
[N] c	[Geranium ibericum Cav.]
	Iberian cranesbill; Fr: géranium d'Ibérie.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[Collected at Beachy Cove, eNfld., A. Ayre, 1928 (Scoggan 1978); not established.]

Grossulariaceae  Currant Family
[N] c	[Ribes nigrum L.]
	garden black currant; Fr: gadellier noir, cassis.  Eurasian.
[N] c	[Ribes uva-crispa L. var. sativum DC.]
	cultivated gooseberry; Fr: groseillier à maquereau.  European.
		[=Grossularia uva-crispa (L.) Mill.]
		[=Ribes grossularia L.]
		[=Ribes reclinatum L.]
		[=Ribes uva-crispa subsp. reclinatum (L.) Rchb.]

Lamiaceae (or Labiatae)  Mint Family
[N] c	[Mentha Xpiperita  L. (pro sp.) (aquatica X spicata)]
	peppermint; Fr: menthe poivrée.  European.
[N] c	[Satureja hortensis L.]
	summer savory; Fr: sarriette des jardins.  European.

Malvaceae  Mallow Family  (including Tiliaceae)
[N] c	[Tilia Xvulgaris Hayne (pro. sp.)]
	European Linden, lime tree; Fr: tilleul d’Europe.  European.
		[=Tilia europaea L. p.p.]

Oleaceae  Olive Family
[N] c	[Fraxinus excelsior L.]
	European ash; Fr: frêne d’Europe.  European.
[N] c	[Ligustrum vulgare L.]
	privet; Fr: troène commun.  European.
[N] c	[Syringa vulgaris L.]
	lilac; Fr: lilas vulgaire.  European.
Oxalidaceae  Oxalis Family
[N] c	[Oxalis corniculata L.]
	creeping woodsorrel; Fr: oxalide cornue.  Eurasian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Xanthoxallis corniculata (L.) Small] 
		[Oxalis corniculata is occasionally found with greenhouse or horticultural plants.]

Papaveraceae  Poppy Family
[N] c	[Chelidonium majus L.]
	greater celandine; Fr: chélidoine majeure, grand éclaire.  Eurasian.
[N] c	[Papaver orientale L.]
	Oriental poppy; Fr: pavot d'Orient.  Asiatic.
[N] c	[Papaver somniferum L.]
	common garden poppy, opium poppy; Fr: pavot commun.  Eurasian; intr. in nw/eNfld.
		[Papaver somniferum is reported from Barr'd Harbour: GH (Scoggan 1978) and the Avalon Peninsula (FNA v3); naturalized populations have not been observed.]

Polygonaceae  Buckwheat Family
[N] c	[Rheum rhabarbarum L.]
	garden rhubarb; Fr: rhubarbe.  Asiatic; intr. thr. Nfld.
		[Occasionally persistent in abandoned roadside gardens, but not naturalized.]

Primulaceae  Primrose Family
[N] c	[Lysimachia nummularia L.]
	moneywort, creeping Jenny; Fr: lysimaque nummulaire, monnayère.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Lerouxia nummularia (L.) D. Löve]
		[The Nfld. report of Lysimachia nummularia is from a cemetery planting in St. John's (GH).]
[N] c	[Lysimachia vulgaris L.]
	garden yellow loosestrife; Fr: lysimaque vulgaire.  Eurasian; intr. in wNfld.
[N] c	[Primula veris L.]
	English cowslip; Fr: primevère officinale.  European.

Ranunculaceae  Buttercup or Crowfoot Family
[N] c	[Aconitum Xbicolor Schult. (pro. sp.) (napellus X variegatum)]
garden monk's hood; Fr: aconit des jardins.  European; intr. thr. Nfld.
		[=Aconitum napellus L. of Nfld. reports.]
		[=Aconitum napellus forma albiflorum Rchb.]
		[Aconitum Xbicolor is a sterile garden cultivar from Europe that often persisting near old homesteads.]
[N] c	[Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb.]
	winter aconite; Fr: éranthe d’hiver.  European.
		[=Helleborus hyemalis L.]

Rosaceae  Rose Family
[N] c	[Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald]
	goat's beard, bride’s feather; Fr: barbe-de-bouc.  Beringian; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Actaea dioica Walter]
		[=Aruncus aruncus (L.) H. Karst.] - illeg. tautonym
		[=Aruncus sylvester Kostel.]  
		[=Spiraea aruncus L.]
[N] c	[Crataegus monogyna Jacq.]
	English hawthorn, whitethorn, May blossom; Fr: aubépine monogyne.  European; intr. in eNfld.

[N] c	[Filipendula rubra (Hill) B.L. Robinson]
	queen of the prairie; Fr: filipendule rouge.  Temp. eUS.
		[=Ulmaria rubra Hill]
[N] c	[Fragaria Xananassa Duchesne (pro. sp.) (chiloensis X virginiana)]
	cultivated strawberry; Fr: fraisier cultivé.  European origin. 
[N] c	[Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.]
	Siberian crabapple; Fr: pommier de Sibérie.  Asiatic.
		[=Pyrus baccata L.]
[N] c	[Malus pumila Mill.]
	cultivated apple; Fr: pommier nain.  Eurasian.
		[=Malus communis Poir.]
		[=Pyrus malus L. var. paradisiaca L.]
		[=Pyrus pumila (Mill.) Borkh.]
[N] c	[Malus sylvestris Mill.]
	common apple; Fr: pommier sauvage.  Eurasian; intr. in w/eNfld.
		[=Malus malus (L.) Britton]
		[=Pyrus malus L.]
[N] c	[Prunus domestica L.]
	European plum; Fr: prunier domestique, prunier d'Europe.  Eurasian.
[N] c	[Rosa rubiginosa L.] 
	sweetbrier; Fr: rosier églantier.  Eurasian; intr. in wNfld.
		[=Rosa eglanteria L.] - nom. ambig.
[N] c	[Rosa rubrifolia Villars]
	glaucous rose; Fr: rosier glauque.  European; intr. in eNfld.
		[=Rosa glauca Pourr.]
		[Rosa rubrifolia often persists around old homesteads, but does not spread into new areas.]
[N] c	[Rosa rugosa Thunb.]
	shrub rose; Fr: rosier rugueux.  Asiatic; intr. thr. Nfld.
[N] c	[Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun]
	false spiraea; Fr: sorbaire à feuilles de sorbier.  Asiatic.
		[=Schizonotus sorbifolius (L.) Lindl.]  
		[=Spiraea sorbifolia L.]

Salicaceae  Willow Family
[N] c	[Populus alba L.]
	white poplar; Fr: peuplier blanc.  Eurasian.
[N] c	[Populus Xcanescens (Aiton) Smith (pro. sp.) (alba X tremula)]
	gray poplar, curly poplar; Fr: peuplier grisard.  European.
		[=Populus alba L. var. canescens Aiton]
[N] c	[Populus Xjackii Sarg.  (balsamifera X deltoides)]
	Jack's hybrid poplar; Fr: peuplier hybride de Jack.  Boreal NA.
		[=Populus candicans auct. non Aiton]
		[=Populus Xgileadensis Rouleau]
[Balm-of-Gilead (Populus Xgileadensis), described from eCanada, is a sterile cultivar of P. Xjackii, which has spread from cultivation by sprouts and cuttings in Nfld.. Originally, the name Populus Xjackii was applied to P. balsamifera X deltoides hybrids reported from Alta. to eQue., while the name Populus Xgileadensis was applied to P. balsamifera X deltoides hybrids east of Ontario.]
[N] c	[Populus nigra L. cv. italica]
	Lombardy poplar; Fr: peuplier noir d'Italie, peuplier de Lombardie.  European.
		[=Populus dilatata Aiton]
		[=Populus italica (DuRoi) Moench] 
		[=Populus nigra L. var. italica DuRoi]
Sapindaceae  Soapberry Family  (including Aceraceae, Hippocastanaceae)
[N] c	[Acer negundo L.]
box elder, Manitoba maple; Fr: érable négondo, érable à Giguère.  nTemp. wNA; intr. in Nfld.
[N] c	[Acer platanoides L.]
	Norway maple; Fr: érable de Norvège, érable platanoïde.  European.
[N] c	[Acer pseudoplatanus L.]
	sycamore maple; Fr: érable sycomore.  European.
[N] c	[Acer saccharinum L.]
	silver maple; Fr: érable argenté.  Temp. eNA.
[N] c	[Acer saccharum Marshall var saccharum]
	sugar maple; Fr: érable à sucre.  Temp. eNA.
		[=Acer nigrum var. saccharophorum (K. Koch) R.T. Clausen]
		[=Acer saccharophorum K. Koch]
[N] c	[Aesculus hippocastanum L.]
	horse chestnut; Fr: marronnier d’Inde.  European.

Saxifragaceae  Saxifrage Family
[N] c	[Saxifraga umbrosa L.]
	Pyrenees saxifrage; Fr: saxifrage des Pyrénées.  European.

Solanaceae  Potato Family
[N] c	[Atropa belladonna L.]
	deadly nightshade; Fr: atropine.  Eurasian and nAfrican; intr. in eNfld.
		[Atropa belladonna is reported as introduced (probably with nursery stock) on MUN campus since 1982 (Scott 1991). The population, located within the boundaries of the Botanic Garden, is apparently limited to three plants and is not spreading.]
[N] c	[Solanum tuberosum L.]
	potato; Fr: pomme de terre.  South American.
		[Potatoes are commonly planted in roadside gardens, particularly on the Great Northern Peninsula, but do not persist for long, once the plot is abandoned.]

Thymelaeaceae  Daphne Family
[N] c	[Daphne mezereum L.]
	daphne, mazereon; Fr: daphné mézéréon.  Eurasian.
		[Nfld. reports of Daphne cneorum L. refer to the cultivated D. mezereum L.]

[Tiliaceae  - see Malvaceae]

Ulmaceae  Elm Family
[N] c	[Ulmus glabra Huds.]
	wych elm, Scotch elm; Fr: orme glabre.  Eurasian.

Violaceae  Violet Family
[N] c	[Viola odorata L.]
	sweet violet, English violet; Fr: violette odorante.  European.

Vitaceae  Grape Family
[N] c	[Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.]
	Virginia creeper; Fr: parthénocisse à cinq folioles, vigne vierge.  Temp. eNA.
		[Hedera quinquefolia L.]

Monocots
  
Amaryllidaceae  Narcissus Family  (formerly included in the Liliaceae)
[N] c	[Galanthus nivalis L.]
	snowdrop; Fr: perce-neige.  Eurasian.
[N] c	[Narcissus poeticus L.]
	poets’ narcissus; Fr: narcisse.  European.
[N] c	[Narcissus pseudo-narcissus L.]
	daffodil; Fr: jonquille.  European.
  
Asparagaceae Asparagus Family  (formerly included in the Liliaceae)
[N] c	[Asparagus officinalis L.]
	garden asparagus; Fr: asperge.  European.
  
Convallariaceae  Lily-of-the-Valley Family  (formerly included in the Liliaceae)
[N] c	[Convallaria majalis L.]
	European lily-of-the-valley; Fr: muguet.  Eurasian.
		[May spread vegetatively in limited areas where planted and abandoned, such as in cemetaries.]
  
Hemerocallidaceae  Day Lily Family  (formerly included in the Liliaceae)
[N] c	[Hemerocallis fulva L.]
	common orange daylily; Fr: lis d’un jour, hémérocalle fauve.  Asiatic.
  
Hyacinthaceae  Hyacinth Family  (formerly included in the Liliaceae)
[N] c	[Chionodoxa luciliae Boiss.]
	glory-of-the-snow; Fr: chionodoxa.  Asiatic.
[N] c	[Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill.]
	small grape hyacinth; Fr: muscari faux-botryde.  European.
		[=Hyacinthus botryoides L.]
[N] c	[Ornithogalum umbellatum L.]
	star-of-Bethlehem; Fr: dame d’onze heures.  European.
[N] c	[Scilla siberica Haw. ex Andrz.]
	Siberian squill; Fr: scille de Sibérie.  Asiatic.
  
Iridaceae  Iris Family
[N] c	[Crocus vernus (L.) Hill]
	spring crocus, Dutch crocus; Fr: crocus.  European.
		[=Crocus sativus L. var. vernus L.]
  
Liliaceae  Lily Family s.l.
[N] c	[Lilium lancifolium Thunb.]
	lanceleaf tigerlily; Fr: lis tigré, margaton.  Asiatic.
		[=Lilium tigrinum Ker-Gawl.]
  
Poaceae  - Grass Family
[N] c	[Zizania aquatica L. var. aquatica]
	wild rice; Fr: zizanie aquatique, riz sauvage.  Temp. eNA.
		[=Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia A.S. Hitchc.]
		[=Zizania palustris L.]
		[A population of wild rice, planted in Rapid Pond, Little Rapids, wNfld. by Henry Mann, has persisted since 1986, but has not spread. The original seed was obtained commercially.]